中国城市空气污染时空分布格局和人口暴露风险

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.10.004

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, the spatiotemporal distribution and its hazards to republic health of air pollution in China have shown new characteristics. Using hourly air quality monitoring data for five years (2015-2019) in 332 Chinese cities, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of air quality and urban population exposure risks by different methods. The results suggest that: 1) Air quality in Chinese urban areas has improved in recent years. Ambient Air Quality Index (AQI) decreased in 303 cities (91.3%). The concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, and CO declined while the concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ increased. 2) The hotspots of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, and CO concentration change rates were distributed in Xinjiang and Yunnan-South China. The hotspots of NO₂ concentration change rate were in the Xinjiang area and the Hetao Plain. The hotspots of O₃ concentration change rate were from the North China Plain to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The trends of air quality change in the Northwest and South China were relatively slow. 3) Nine cities were exposed to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, O₃, and CO pollution, which were located in Shanxi, Hebei, and Shandong provinces; 12 cities had no exposure risks to these six pollutants, which were distributed in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, and Heilongjiang provinces. These conclusions are of important reference value for collaborative treatment of cross-regional air pollution and formulating spatially diffenrentiated population flow management policies in China.

Key words: cities, air pollution, hotspot analysis, exposure risks, China

XIAO Jiayu, HE Chao, MU Hang, YANG Lu, HUANG Jiayi, XIN Aixuan, TU Peiyue, HONG Song. Spatiotemporal pattern and population exposure risks of air pollution in Chinese urban areas[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(10): 1650-1663.

Figures/Tables 13

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References 33

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指标	单位	平均时间	浓度限值	备注
PM_2.5	μg·m^-3	年平均	35	—
PM_2.5	μg·m^-3	24 h平均	75	—
PM₁₀	μg·m^-3	年平均	70	—
PM₁₀	μg·m^-3	24 h平均	150	—
SO₂	μg·m^-3	年平均	60	—
SO₂	μg·m^-3	24 h平均	150	—
NO₂	μg·m^-3	年平均	40	—
NO₂	μg·m^-3	24 h平均	80	—
O₃	μg·m^-3	日最大8 h平均	160	每年第四高的O₃日最大8 h平均浓度达标,则该年O₃浓度达标
CO	mg·m^-3	24 h平均	4	每年超标天数≤1,则该年CO浓度达标

指标	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年	ROC/%
AQI	79.2	75.1	74.8	70.8	64.7	-18.4
PM_2.5/(μg·m^-3)	49.7	45.9	43.5	39.1	40.2	-19.1
PM₁₀/(μg·m^-3)	87.0	82.2	79.2	75.9	72.9	-16.3
SO₂/(μg·m^-3)	25.0	21.6	18.0	13.6	11.2	-55.2
NO₂/(μg·m^-3)	28.8	29.1	30.1	27.3	32.6	13.2
O₃/(μg·m^-3)	83.7	87.5	93.4	95.3	92.3	10.3
CO/(mg·m^-3)	1.08	1.04	0.97	0.85	0.81	-24.8

Spatiotemporal pattern and population exposure risks of air pollution in Chinese urban areas

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暴露风险等级	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	SO₂	NO₂	O₃	CO
0	62	99	317	224	28	253
1	27	27	9	40	27	36
2	17	21	3	13	29	7
3	30	24	3	14	29	22
4	32	29	0	11	46	10
5	164	132	0	30	173	4

污染物	超标天数全年占比/%	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年
PM_2.5	0	11	12	20	24	38
	0~5	65	89	101	111	109
	5~10	48	49	77	82	66
	10~20	100	86	81	65	71
	20~30	56	58	48	44	46
	30~50	38	35	5	6	1
	>50	14	3	0	0	1
PM₁₀	0	30	40	44	48	68
	0~5	93	113	147	134	151
	5~10	66	67	63	55	49
	10~20	85	53	55	69	45
	20~30	27	29	16	17	13
	30~50	26	27	5	5	4
	>50	5	3	2	4	2
SO₂	0	257	294	307	320	328
	0~5	62	28	21	11	4
	5~10	8	3	2	1	0
	10~20	5	7	2	0	0
	>20	0	0	0	0	0
NO₂	0	170	189	195	210	225
	0~5	133	113	123	110	99
	5~10	19	21	11	11	8
	10~20	10	9	3	1	0
	>20	0	0	0	0	0
O₃	0	54	54	30	28	45
	0~5	163	143	134	130	122
	5~10	49	68	60	65	66
	10~20	60	62	81	77	66
	20~30	6	5	25	29	33
	30~50	0	0	2	3	0
	>50	0	0	0	0	0
CO	0	246	268	279	317	312
	0~5	75	57	51	14	20
	5~10	9	6	1	1	0
	10~20	2	1	1	0	0
	>20	0	0	0	0	0

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暴露风险等级	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	SO₂	NO₂	O₃	CO
0	62	99	317	224	28	253
1	27	27	9	40	27	36
2	17	21	3	13	29	7
3	30	24	3	14	29	22
4	32	29	0	11	46	10
5	164	132	0	30	173	4

暴露风险等级	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	SO₂	NO₂	O₃	CO
0	62	99	317	224	28	253
1	27	27	9	40	27	36
2	17	21	3	13	29	7
3	30	24	3	14	29	22
4	32	29	0	11	46	10
5	164	132	0	30	173	4