COVID-19风险冲击对疫区农户生计资本的影响及其抵御效应——以湖北、安徽、重庆为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.07.002

Abstract

Abstract:

COVID-19 epidemic has brought major risks to the livelihood development of farmers, and livelihood capital is the key to resist the impact of the epidemic and prevent the crisis of returning to poverty. The data for this study were collected in 2020, with Hubei Province, Anhui Province, and Chongqing Municipality as the research areas. This study analyzed the role of livelihood capital of 465 households in the epidemic areas to resist the risk of the epidemic. Based on the Sustainable Livelihood Analysis (SLA) framework, this study evaluated the livelihood capital of rural households after the epidemic from the multi-dimensional perspective of structure-stock. The study adopted the endogenous switching regression model, based on different risk levels and capital dimensions, to identify the core factors that hinder the restoration of rural households' livelihoods. It is expected to help formulate follow-up livelihood assistance policies for farmers, improve the emergency response system for rural emergencies, and provide a decision-making reference for the introduction of measures to prevent return to poverty due to the epidemic. The study found that: 1) The total livelihood capital of farmers in the key epidemic areas is not high. The epidemic may induce economic vulnerability, and the development of grassroots public healthcare is also very important. 2) Livelihood capital has a significant effect of resisting the risk of the epidemic. Human capital has a stronger effect, and an excessively high proportion of physical capital will weaken the ability to respond to the epidemic. 3) The distribution of rural households' livelihood capital structure and stock is uneven. Household labor, health input, wealth accumulation, living environment, social experience, and so on are the core elements. 4) The recovery of livelihoods after the epidemic mainly depends on the accumulation of human capital and financial capital. The key to helping farmers in the epidemic areas lies in emergency response and basic social security. Differentiated and normalized epidemic prevention and control measures should be formulated according to the livelihood characteristics of farmers in different regions.

Key words: rural areas, livelihood capital, epidemic risk, COVID-19, core affected areas

ZHAO Xu, CHEN Yinlan, ZHAO Feifei. Impact of COVID-19 on the livelihood capital of farmers in epidemic areas and its prevention: A case study of Hubei, Anhui, and Chongqing[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(7): 1086-1097.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Tab.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

References 42

[1]	杨子晖, 陈雨恬, 张平淼. 重大突发公共事件下的宏观经济冲击、金融风险传导与治理应对[J]. 管理世界, 2020, 36(5):13-35, 7.
	[ Yang Zihui, Chen Yutian, Zhang Pingmiao. Macroeconomic shock, financial risk transmission and governance response to major public emergencies. Management World, 2020, 36(5):13-35, 7. ]
[2]	叶玉瑶, 王长建, 张虹鸥, 等. 基于人口流动的广东省COVID-19疫情风险时空分析[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(11):2521-2534. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202011018
	[ Ye Yuyao, Wang Changjian, Zhang Hong'ou, et al. Spatio-temporal analysis of COVID-19 epidemic risk in Guangdong Province based on population migration. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(11):2521-2534. ]
[3]	李晓敏, 黄江泉, 乔勇. 贫困地区农户大病成员医疗支出影响因素分析: 以湖北省红安县为例[J]. 软科学, 2014, 44(2):135-139.
	[ Li Xiaomin, Huang Jiangquan, Qiao Yong. Research on influencing factors of household members' medical expenditure in poor area under the risks of major illnesses: Take Hong'an County, Hubei Province as an example. Soft Science, 2014, 44(2):135-139. ]
[4]	Guan W J, Ni Z Y, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2020, 382(18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
[5]	Huang C L, Wang Y M, Li X W, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China[J]. The Lancet, 2020, 395:497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
[6]	Chen X W, Chen H L. Differences in preventive behaviors of COVID-19 between urban and rural residents: Lessons learned from a cross-sectional study in China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(12):4437. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124437. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124437
[7]	钟钰, 普蓂喆, 刘明月, 等. 新冠肺炎疫情对我国粮食安全的影响分析及稳定产量的建议[J]. 农业经济问题, 2020, 41(4):13-22.
	[ Zhong Yu, Pu Mingzhe, Liu Ming-yue, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on China's food security and suggestions for ensuring stable grain production. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2020, 41(4):13-22. ]
[8]	叶兴庆, 程郁, 周群力, 等. 新冠肺炎疫情对2020年农业农村发展的影响评估与应对建议[J]. 农业经济问题, 2020, 41(3):4-10.
	[ Ye Xingqing, Cheng Yu, Zhou Qunli, et al. Impacts of COVID-19 on rural and agricultural development in 2020 and its countermeasures. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2020, 41(3):4-10. ]
[9]	魏后凯, 芦千文. 新冠肺炎疫情对“三农”的影响及对策研究[J]. 经济纵横, 2020(5):36-45, 2.
	[ Wei Houkai, Lu Qianwen. Impact of COVID-19 on "agriculture, countryside and farmers" and countermeasures. Economic Review Journal, 2020(5):36-45, 2. ]
[10]	程国强, 朱满德. 2020年农民增收: 新冠肺炎疫情的影响与应对建议[J]. 农业经济问题, 2020, 41(4):4-12.
	[ Cheng Guoqiang, Zhu Mande. Increasing farmers' income in 2020: Impacts of and recommendations under the COVID-19 pandemic. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2020, 41(4):4-12. ]
[11]	郭倩, 廖和平, 王子羿, 等. 秦巴山区村域稳定脱贫测度及返贫防控风险识别: 以重庆市城口县为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(2):232-244. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.02.005
	[ Guo Qian, Liao Heping, Wang Ziyi, et al. Measurement of rural poverty alleviation sustainability and return-to-poverty risk identification in Qinling-Bashan Mountains: A case study of Chengkou County, Chongqing Municipality. Progress in Geography, 2021, 40(2):232-244. ]
[12]	Vargas R, Fonseca C, Hareau G, et al. Health crisis and quarantine measures in Peru: Effects on livelihoods of coffee and potato farmers[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2021, 187:103033. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103033. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103033
[13]	Zeweld W, Van Huylenbroeck G, Tesfay G, et al. Impacts of socio-psychological factors on smallholder farmers' risk attitudes: Empirical evidence and implications[J]. Agrekon, 2019, 58(2):253-279. doi: 10.1080/03031853.2019.1570284
[14]	栾健, 周玉玺. 自然灾害对山东省粮食生产影响的实证分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(4):127-131.
	[ Luan Jian, Zhou Yuxi. The empirical analysis on the impact of natural disasters on grain production in Shandong Province. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016, 30(4):127-131. ]
[15]	赵雪雁, 苏慧珍, 何小风, 等. 生计风险及其对重点生态功能区农户生活满意度的影响: 以甘南黄河水源补给区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(7):1124-1133. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.07.009
	[ Zhao Xueyan, Su Huizhen, He Xiaofeng, et al. Livelihood risk and its impact on life satisfaction of farmers in key ecological functional areas: A case study of the Yellow River water supply area of Gannan. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(7):1124-1133. ]
[16]	芦千文, 崔红志, 刘佳. 新冠肺炎疫情对农村居民收入的影响、原因与构建农村居民持续增收机制的建议[J]. 农业经济问题, 2020, 41(8):12-23.
	[ Lu Qianwen, Cui Hongzhi, Liu Jia. Impact of COVID-19 on rural residents' income and suggestions on promoting the sustainable income increase for rural residents. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2020, 41(8):12-23. ]
[17]	金晓彤, 宋伟, 赵太阳, 等. 公共卫生事件对居民非理性消费行为的影响[J]. 西安交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 40(4):50-60.
	[ Jin Xiaotong, Song Wei, Zhao Taiyang, et al. The impact of public health event on irrational consumption behavior of residents. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Social Sciences), 2020, 40(4):50-60. ]
[18]	杨华磊, 吴远洋, 蔺雪钰. 新冠状病毒肺炎、人口迁移与疫情扩散防控[J]. 中国管理科学, 2020, 28(3):1-10.
	[ Yang Hualei, Wu Yuanyang, Lin Xueyu. New coronavirus pneumonia, population migration and epidemic prevention and control. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2020, 28(3):1-10. ]
[19]	曹舒, 米乐平. 农村应对突发公共卫生事件的多重困境与优化治理: 基于典型案例的分析[J]. 中国农村观察, 2020(3):2-15.
	[ Cao Shu, Mi Leping. Multiple dilemmas and optimal governance of rural response to public health emergencies: An analysis based on typical cases. China Rural Survey, 2020(3):2-15. ]
[20]	刘涛, 靳永爱. 人口流动视角下的中国新冠疫情扩散时空动态: 传统数据和大数据的对比研究[J]. 人口研究, 2020, 44(5):44-59.
	[ Liu Tao, Jin Yong'ai. Human mobility and spatio-temporal dynamics of COVID-19 in China: Comparing survey data and big data. Population Research, 2020, 44(5):44-59. ]
[21]	罗竖元. 返乡创业质量与农民工就地市民化: 基于湖南、安徽与贵州三省调查数据的实证分析[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2018, 18(6):69-78, 159.
	[ Luo Shuyuan. Returned entrepreneurial quality and the local citizenization of migrant workers: An empirical analysis based on the survey data of Hunan, Anhui, and Guizhou provinces. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2018, 18(6):69-78, 159. ]
[22]	陈晓, 黄宇金, 李佳慧, 等. COVID-19疫情时空聚集性特征及影响因素分析: 以重庆市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(11):1798-1808. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.11.002
	[ Chen Xiao, Huang Yujin, Li Jiahui, et al. Clustering characteristics of COVID-19 cases and influencing factors in Chongqing Municipality. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(11):1798-1808. ]
[23]	周丽, 黎红梅, 李培. 易地扶贫搬迁农户生计资本对生计策略选择的影响: 基于湖南搬迁农户的调查[J]. 经济地理, 2020, 40(11):167-175.
	[ Zhou Li, Li Hongmei, Li Pei. Impact of livelihood capital on the choice of livelihood strategy for resettled farmers: Based on the survey of resettled farmers in Hunan Province. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(11):167-175. ]
[24]	王文略, 朱永甜, 黄志刚, 等. 风险与机会对生态脆弱区农户多维贫困的影响: 基于形成型指标的结构方程模型[J]. 中国农村观察, 2019(3):64-80.
	[ Wang Wenlve, Zhu Yongtian, Huang Zhigang, et al. The impact of risks and opportunities on multidimensional poverty of farmers in ecologically vulnerable areas: An analysis based on a structural equation model with formative indicators. China Rural Survey, 2019(3):64-80. ]
[25]	唐林, 罗小锋. 贫困地区农户生计资本对大病风险冲击的影响研究: 基于结构和水平的双重视角[J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2020(2):49-58, 164.
	[ Tang Lin, Luo Xiaofeng. Study on the impact of farmers' livelihood capital on the risk of serious illness in poor areas: Based on the dual perspectives of structure and level. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2020(2):49-58, 164. ]
[26]	付少平, 石广洲. 乡村振兴背景下脱贫人口面临的生计风险及其防范[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 21(1):19-28.
	[ Fu Shaoping, Shi Guangzhou. Livelihood risk and its prevention of poverty alleviation under the background of rural revitalization. Journal of Northwest A& F University (Social Science Edition), 2021, 21(1):19-28. ]
[27]	赵雪雁, 刘江华, 王伟军, 等. 贫困山区脱贫农户的生计可持续性及生计干预: 以陇南山区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6):982-995. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.009
	[ Zhao Xueyan, Liu Jianghua, Wang Weijun, et al. Livelihood sustainability and livelihood intervention of out-of-poverty farming households in poor mountainous areas: A case of Longnan mountainous area. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(6):982-995. ]
[28]	刘倩, 陈佳, 吴孔森, 等. 秦巴山集中连片特困区农户多维贫困测度与影响机理分析: 以商洛市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6):996-1012. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.010
	[ Liu Qian, Chen Jia, Wu Kongsen, et al. Multidimensional poverty measurement and its impact mechanism on households in the Qinling-Daba Mountains poverty area: A case of Shangluo City. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(6):996-1012. ]
[29]	李龙, 杨效忠. 廊道型乡村旅游地农户生计资本评价与空间格局特征: 以大别山国家风景道为例[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(2):340-349. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.02.017
	[ Li Long, Yang Xiaozhong. Evaluation and spatial pattern of farmers' livelihood capital in corridor-type rural tourism areas: A case study of the Dabie Mountain National Landscape. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2021, 41(2):340-349. ]
[30]	何仁伟, 方方, 刘运伟. 贫困山区农户人力资本对生计策略的影响研究: 以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(9):1282-1293. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.09.002
	[ He Renwei, Fang Fang, Liu Yunwei. Influence of human capital on the livelihood strategy of farming households in poor mountainous areas: A case study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China. Progress in Geography, 2019, 38(9):1282-1293. ]
[31]	赵旭, 陈寅岚. 水库移民多维介入型贫困的动态测度与致贫因素研究 [J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 41(3): 128-137, 189-190.
	[ Zhao Xu, Chen Yinlan. Research on dynamic measurement and poverty-causing factors of multidimensional-interventional poverty of rural reservoir resettlers. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2021, 41(3): 128-137, 189-190. ]
[32]	生延超, 刘晴. 人力资本促进区域旅游经济效率的空间差异研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(10):1710-1719. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.10.015
	[ Sheng Yanchao, Liu Qing. Spatial difference of human capital promoting regional tourism economic efficiency: Empirical research based on "Hu Line". Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(10):1710-1719. ]
[33]	马兆良, 田淑英. 关键自然资本对中国区域经济增长的影响[J]. 生态经济, 2017, 33(7):78-81.
	[ Ma Zhaoliang, Tian Shuying. Impact of critical natural capital on China's regional economic growth. Ecological Economy, 2017, 33(7):78-81. ]
[34]	苏芳, 殷娅娟, 尚海洋. 甘肃石羊河流域农户生计风险感知影响因素分析[J]. 经济地理, 2019, 39(6):191-197, 240.
	[ Su Fang, Yin Yajuan, Shang Haiyang. Influencing factors of farmers' livelihood risk perception in Shiyang River Basin of Gansu Province. Economic Geography, 2019, 39(6):191-197, 240. ]
[35]	谢楠, 张磊, 伏绍宏. 深度贫困地区脱贫户的可持续生计及风险分析: 基于凉山彝区812户贫困户的调查[J]. 软科学, 2020, 34(1):139-144.
	[ Xie Nan, Zhang Lei, Fu Shaohong. Sustainability and risk analysis of farmers' livelihood in deep poverty area: Based on the investigation of 812 poor families in Liangshan. Soft Science, 2020, 34(1):139-144. ]
[36]	周广肃, 樊纲, 申广军. 收入差距、社会资本与健康水平: 基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析 [J]. 管理世界, 2014(7): 12-21, 51, 187.
	[ Zhou Guangsu, Fan Gang, Shen Guangjun. The income disparity, the social capital and health: A case study based on China Family Panel Studies. Management World, 2014(7): 12-21, 51, 187. ]
[37]	刘伟, 徐洁, 黎洁. 易地扶贫搬迁农户生计适应性研究: 以陕南移民搬迁为例[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2018, 39(12):218-223.
	[ Liu Wei, Xu Jie, Li Jie. Livelihood adaptive capacity of rural households under poverty alleviation relocation: A case study of southern Shaanxi. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2018, 39(12):218-223. ]
[38]	姚树洁, 张璇玥. 中国农村持续性多维贫困特征及成因: 基于能力“剥夺—阻断”框架的实证分析[J]. 中国人口科学, 2020, 35(4):31-45, 126.
	[ Yao Shujie, Zhang Xuanyue. Features and causes of chronic multidimensional poverty in rural China: An empirical study based on the capability "deprivation-regain" framework. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2020, 35(4):31-45, 126. ]
[39]	Falco S D, Veronesi M, Yesuf M. Does adaptation to climate change provide food security? A micro-perspective from Ethiopia[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2011, 93(3):825-842.
[40]	赵雪雁, 介永庆, 何小风, 等. 多重压力下重点生态功能区农户的生计适应性研究: 以甘南黄河水源补给区为例[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2020, 30(1):140-149.
	[ Zhao Xueyan, Jie Yongqing, He Xiaofeng, et al. Livelihood adaptability of farmers in key ecological functional areas under multiple pressures: A case study of Yellow River water source areas of Gannan. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2020, 30(1):140-149. ]
[41]	刘卫东. 新冠肺炎疫情对经济全球化的影响分析[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(7):1439-1449. doi: 10.11821/dlyj020200514
	[ Liu Weidong. The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the development of economic globalization. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(7):1439-1449. ]
[42]	周冲, 黎红梅. 村民感知与意愿响应视角下的后疫情时代乡村人居环境治理路径分析[J]. 农林经济管理学报, 2020, 19(5):654-662.
	[ Zhou Chong, Li Hongmei. Path analysis on rural human settlement governance in post-epidemic era from the perspective of villagers' perception and willingness response. Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management, 2020, 19(5):654-662. ]

指标		均值	指标	均值
地势环境	平原/%	38.71	家庭规模/(人/户)	4.61
	丘陵/%	54.41	劳动力数量/(人/户)	3.02
	山区/%	6.88	外出务工人数占家庭总人数比例/%	35.82
风险等级	高风险/%	40.86	人均年收入/(万元/人)	2.09
	中风险/%	43.66	耕地面积/(亩/户)	4.47
	低风险/%	15.48	家庭因疫情产生的额外费用/(元/户)	603.76

资本类型	具体测量指标	权重	指标含义及赋值	作用方向
人力资本	劳动力最高文化程度	0.232	小学及以下=1;初中=2;高中/中专=3;本科/大专=4;研究生及以上=5	+
	户主年龄	0.109	家庭户主年龄(岁)	–
	劳动力占比	0.200	家庭劳动力人数占总人数比例(%)	+
	就医频次	0.460	家庭成员上一年度就医次数(次)	–
自然资本	耕地质量	0.050	坡地旱地=1;平地旱地=2;水浇地=3;水田=4	+
	耕地面积	0.167	家庭实际耕地面积(亩)	+
	水域面积	0.783	家庭实际水产养殖面积(亩)	+
物质资本	住房面积	0.445	家庭住房总面积(m²)	+
	住房类型	0.214	土木=1;砖木=2;砖瓦=3;钢筋混凝土=4	+
	耐用品数量	0.341	家庭耐用消费品数(件)	+
金融资本	家庭总收入	0.319	家庭近3 a年均总收入(万元)	+
	储蓄存款占比	0.234	家庭收入中储蓄比例：10%以下=1;10%~30%=2;31%~50%=3;50%以上=4	+
	借贷机会	0.447	能否从农村信用社、农商银行等渠道借贷：能=1;否=0	+
社会资本	人情消费	0.099	上一年人情消费金额(元)	+
	兄弟姐妹数	0.089	户主表(堂)兄弟姐妹数(人)	+
	亲属公职人员数	0.735	户主直系亲属中公职人员的数量(人)	+
	友邻帮扶	0.078	能否从亲朋好友处获得资金帮助：能=1;否=0	+

地区	人力资本	自然资本	物质资本	金融资本	社会资本	资本总量
湖北省	0.624	0.072	0.448	0.468	0.217	1.829
安徽省	0.698	0.092	0.508	0.696	0.210	2.203
重庆市	0.557	0.048	0.392	0.346	0.208	1.551
总计	0.626	0.072	0.450	0.483	0.215	1.847

项目	联立方程I	联立方程II
项目	是否遭受疫情风险冲击	遭遇疫情风险时的家庭影响程度	未遭受疫情风险时的家庭影响程度
劳动力最高文化程度	0.262^***	0.026	0.072
劳动力最高文化程度	(0.084)	(0.062)	(0.060)
户主年龄	-0.026^**	-0.008	-0.015^**
户主年龄	(0.010)	(0.006)	(0.007)
劳动力占比	-0.992^**	-0.273	0.029
劳动力占比	(0.418)	(0.266)	(0.360)
就医频次	-0.053^*	0.063^***	0.022
就医频次	(0.030)	(0.019)	(0.021)
耕地质量	-0.425^***	-0.191^***	0.024
耕地质量	(0.099)	(0.067)	(0.097)
耕地面积	-0.024	-0.009	0.004
耕地面积	(0.018)	(0.013)	(0.012)
水域面积	0.006	0.003	0.004
水域面积	(0.011)	(0.004)	(0.015)
住房面积	0.007^***	0.003^**	-0.003
住房面积	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.002)
住房类型	-1.113^***	0.071	-0.254
住房类型	(0.198)	(0.109)	(0.204)
耐用品数量	0.012	0.068^**	0.011
耐用品数量	(0.044)	(0.027)	(0.041)
家庭总收入	-0.039^**	-0.004	-0.009
家庭总收入	(0.018)	(0.013)	(0.014)
储蓄存款比例	-0.788^***	-0.022	-0.071
储蓄存款比例	(0.116)	(0.101)	(0.136)
借贷机会	0.344	-0.563^***	-0.153
借贷机会	(0.224)	(0.133)	(0.247)
人情消费	0.174^***	0.134^***	-0.012
人情消费	(0.052)	(0.036)	(0.038)
兄弟姐妹数	0.105^*	-0.012	0.017
兄弟姐妹数	(0.055)	(0.037)	(0.040)
亲属公职人员数	0.061	0.043	0.011
亲属公职人员数	(0.123)	(0.074)	(0.100)
友邻帮扶	-0.770^*	-0.157	0.316
友邻帮扶	(0.457)	(0.176)	(0.631)
常数项	8.356^***	2.760^***	4.379^***
常数项	(1.297)	(0.666)	(1.659)
观测值数	465	190	275
σ_ei	-	1.047 (0.044)	0.556 (0.056)
φ_j	0.046 (0.042)	-0.587^*** (0.101)
对数似然函数值		-749.856
卡方		105.580^***

变量	方程III	方程IV	方程V
强资本型（以弱资本型为参照）	-0.262^** (0.113)	—	—
人力资本	—	-1.013^*** (0.332)	—
自然资本	—	0.506 (0.442)	—
物质资本	—	2.375^*** (0.421)	—
金融资本	—	-0.899^*** (0.227)	—
社会资本	—	0.738 (0.529)	—
人力资本占优型（以其他占优型为参照）	—	—	-0.311 (0.350)
物质资本占优型（以其他占优型为参照）	—	—	0.547 (0.371)
金融资本占优型（以其他占优型为参照）	—	—	-0.154 (0.359)
常数项	3.155^*** (0.082)	2.817^*** (0.253)	3.200^*** (0.343)
地区控制变量	控制	控制	控制
观测值数	465	465	465
F统计量	6.51^***	9.70^***	9.53^***
调整R²	0.022	0.109	0.056

Impact of COVID-19 on the livelihood capital of farmers in epidemic areas and its prevention: A case study of Hubei, Anhui, and Chongqing

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 42

Related Articles 11

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

子样本	决策阶段		平均处理效应
子样本	遭遇	未遭遇	平均处理效应
遭遇疫情风险冲击	① 3.025	③ 2.625	(ATT)0.400^***(0.037)
未遭遇疫情风险冲击	④ 2.344	② 2.794	(ATU)-0.450^***(0.053)
异质性效应	(BH₁)0.681	(BH₂)-0.169	(TH)0.850

[1]	ZHAO Ziyu, ZHAO Shiyao, HAN Zhonghui, XU Yunxiao, JIN Jie, WANG Shijun. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population heat map in leisure areas in Beijing on holidays [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(7): 1073-1085.
[2]	MA Caihong, YUAN Qianying, WEN Qi, LI Xuemei. Impact of agriculture industrial development on farmers’ livelihood:Based on the research of four migrant villages in Hongsibu District, Ningxia [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(5): 784-797.
[3]	CHEN Xiao, HUANG Yujin, LI Jiahui, WANG Shiyang, PEI Tao. Clustering characteristics of COVID-19 cases and influencing factors in Chongqing Municipality [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(11): 1798-1808.
[4]	SU Fei, MA Lisha, PANG Lingfeng, ZHAO Xiufang, PAN Yunxin. Vulnerability of migrant workers'livelihoods in Hangzhou City and the countermeasures [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2013, 32(3): 389-399.
[5]	ZHANG Bailin, YANG Qingyuan, SU Kangchuan, WANG Zhaolin, FENG Yingbin. Heterogeneous households’decision on household registration transfer and farmland relinquishment: From livelihood perspective [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2013, 32(2): 170-180.
[6]	LUO Haijiang. Differences in plant phenology between urban and rural areas of Beijing based on satellite-based remote sensing [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2013, 32(10): 1463-1469.
[7]	YANG Yongfang, AN Qian, ZHU Lianqi. Diagnosis Based on the PSR Model of Rural Land-use Conflicts Intensity [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2012, 31(11): 1552-1560.
[8]	LI Erling, LI Xiaojian, YAN Jiachang. The External Response Capability of Households in Undeveloped Rural Areas and Its Environmental Influence [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(5): 523-529.
[9]	DING Jianghui1,2\|LIU Weidong1. Progress in Geographical Studies of Rural Informationalization [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2009, 28(5): 759-766.
[10]	SUN Yihui,CHEN Tian, WANG Yuncai. Progress and Prospects in Research of the Traditional Rural Cultural Landscape [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2008, 27(6): 90-96.
[11]	LI Erling, LI Xiaojian, YAN Jiachang. The External Response Capability of Households in Undeveloped Rural Areas and Its Environmental Influence [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 0, 0(): 523-529.