乡村产业发展对农户生计的影响研究——以宁夏红寺堡区为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.05.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Industrial development is not only the basis of rural revitalization, but also an important breakthrough point to increase farmers' income and rural prosperity. Industrial development and farmers' livelihood depend on and influence each other, and the mechanism of influence is very complex. Examining the experience of agriculture industrial development in the area of ecological migration and analyze the impact of industrial development on farmers' livelihood is of great significance for promoting the revival of rural industry, the restoration of farmers' livelihood, and the sustainable development in the area. This study took Hongsibu District of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the largest single immigrant area in China, as the study area, selected one village for each of the major rural industries, and used data from a questionnaire survey and semistructured interviews to examine the impact of agricultural industries on farmers' livelihood. On the basis of comparing the input-output of different industries, the impact of industrial development on farmers' livelihood output, livelihood capital, and livelihood strategy was explored. The results show that: 1) The agricultural industries in Hongsibu District has shown the characteristics of transformation from traditional extensive to high efficiency intensive agriculture, but the problems of short industrial chain and low ability to resist market risks and natural hazards and disasters are still outstanding. 2) Agriculture industrial development has an obvious effect on improving farmers' income, but the degree of influence is closely related to industrial types and farmers' participation. The total livelihood capital of farmers who have completed agriculture industrial transformation is much higher than that of other farmers, and there are obvious differences in livelihood capital structure. 3) The dominant livelihood modes of farmers in different specialized villages vary, and the support of agriculture industrial development to farmers' livelihood still needs to be improved. Under the background of rural revitalization, it is urgent to cultivate new business entities, guide small farmers to organically connect with modern agricultural industries, promote farmers' deep integration into the agriculture industrial chain and benefit for a long time, and fully release the diversified functions of agricultural industries. At the same time, the local government should continue to provide targeted assistance to farmers with difficulties in industrial transformation through financial support, technical training, trusteeship, and other forms of help to enable them to establish a sustainable livelihood system.

Key words: rural revitalization, agricultural industries, farmers' livelihood, livelihood capital, livelihood strategy, Ningxia

MA Caihong, YUAN Qianying, WEN Qi, LI Xuemei. Impact of agriculture industrial development on farmers’ livelihood:Based on the research of four migrant villages in Hongsibu District, Ningxia[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(5): 784-797.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

Tab.1

Livelihood capital evaluation indicator system for Hongsibu District"

资本类型	指标代码	指标名称	权重	计算方式(单位)
自然资本	1	人均耕地面积	0.0729	亩
	2	耕地质量	0.0797	家庭经营耕地非常好为1;较好为0.75;一般为0.5;差为0.25;非常差为0
人力资本	3	户主年龄	0.0203	40~49岁为1;30~39岁、50~59岁为0.8;20~29岁、60~69岁为0.6;20岁以下、70岁以上为0.4
	4	户主受教育程度	0.0402	技校、大专及以上为1;高中为0.8;初中为0.6;小学为0.4;未受教育为0.2
	5	家庭人口数	0.0249	人数
	6	家庭劳动力数量	0.0505	人数
	7	男性劳动力数量	0.0412	人数
	8	家庭人口健康程度	0.0308	家庭成员有重病、残疾、慢性病等,1人计-0.3,每增加1人累计-0.2
	9	技能培训	0.0372	次数
物质资本	10	住房类型	0.0231	楼房记为1;砖瓦房记为0.6;其他记为0.4
	11	住房面积	0.0280	人均住房面积(m²/人)
	12	交通工具	0.0452	私家车记为1;农用车记为0.4;班车记为0.1
	13	生产机械条件	0.0393	农业车、手推车、铡草机、苞米机等,每1件记为0.1
	14	牲畜/禽类数量	0.0473	牛记为1;猪记为0.6;羊记为0.4;禽类记为0.1
	15	家庭耐用消费品	0.0347	拥有一件生产机械记为0.1,依次累加
金融资本	16	家庭人均纯收入	0.0828	元
	17	是否有信贷机会	0.0649	是记为1;否记为0
	18	是否能筹到钱	0.0376	是记为1;否记为0
社会资本	19	家庭领导潜力	0.0418	家中有公职人员有记为1;没有记为0
	20	邻里关系	0.0204	非常好为1;较好为0.75;一般为0.5;不好为0.25;非常不好为0
	21	外出务工人数	0.0437	人数
	22	家庭通讯支出	0.0265	元
	23	社会保障程度	0.0240	家中享有的社会保障项目数,有1项记为0.1,每增加1项累计0.1
	24	交通便利程度	0.0430	到达县城的便捷程度,便捷记为0.3;一般记为0.2;偏远记为0.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Tab.5

Fig.2

Fig.3

Tab.6

Fig.4

Tab.7

Tab.8

Fig.5

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时间	生命周期/a	苗木费/(元/亩)	栽苗费/(元/亩)	化肥投入 /(元/亩)	水费 /(元/亩)	单产(鲜)/(kg/亩)	采摘费/(元/亩)	干黄花产出系数	均价 /(元/kg)	纯收益 /(元/亩)
2009年	1	600	120	230	88	0	1.6	0.17	16	-1038
2010年	2	—	—	230	88	60	1.6	0.17	30	116
2011年	3	—	—	230	88	210	1.6	0.17	32	696
2012年	4	—	—	230	88	300	1.6	0.17	35	1182
2013—2018年	5~10	—	—	230	88	1380	3.2	0.17	46	6076

生命周期	化肥投入 /(元/亩)	水费 /(元/亩)	采摘费 /(元/亩)	埋藤费 /(元/亩)	放藤费 /(元/亩)	单产 /(kg/亩)	单价 /(元/kg)	纯收益 /(元/亩)
第3年	200	60	200	55	235	250	3.6	150
第4年	200	60	200	55	235	500	3.6	1050
第5年	200	60	200	55	235	1300	3.6	3930
第6年	200	60	200	55	235	1400	3.6	4290

时间	生命周期	苗木费 /(株/亩)	单价 /(元/株)	化肥投入 /(元/亩)	水费 /(元/亩)	鲜果 /(kg/亩)	采摘 /(元/kg)	干果系数	夏果 /(元/kg)	秋果 /(元/kg)	纯收益 /(元/亩)
2000年	第1年	230^*	0.7	160	65			0.2	20	10	-357.1
2001年	第2年			160	65	625	0.5	0.2	20	10	1213.0
2002—2007年	盛果期			160	65	1250	0.5	0.2	20	10	2650.0
2008—2009年	盛果期			160	65	1250	1.0	0.2	20	10	2025.0
2010—2011年	盛果期			160	65	1250	1.0	0.2	36	4	2725.0
2012年	第1年	260^**	5.0	160	75	11.25	2.0	0.2	36	4	-1507.0
2012年	第1年	130^***	5.0	160	75	11.25	2.0	0.2	36	4	-856.5
2013年	第2年			160	75	625	2.0	0.2	36	4	615.0
2014年	盛果期			160	75	1250	2.0	0.2	36	4	1465.0
2015—2018年	盛果期			160	75	1250	2.0	0.2	55	30	7265.0

样本村	高收入组(≥15000元/人)			中收入组(6000~15000元/人)			低收入组(<6000元/人)			人均纯收入/元	变异系数/%
样本村	产业	数量/户	比例/%	产业	数量/户	比例/%	产业	数量/户	比例/%	人均纯收入/元	变异系数/%
兴民村	黄花菜	35	63.64	黄花菜	18	32.73	黄花菜	2	3.64	21048.62	66.14
中圈塘村	葡萄	8	13.79	葡萄+玉米	31	53.45	玉米	19	32.76	8923.70	68.92
光彩村	枸杞	7	11.67	枸杞+玉米	40	66.67	玉米	13	21.67	10142.92	50.12
开元村	草畜	6	9.23	草畜	41	63.08	玉米	18	27.69	9192.22	49.46

类型	兴民村		中圈塘村		光彩村		开元村
类型	移民初期	2018年	移民初期	2018年	移民初期	2018年	移民初期	2018年
纯农型	34.55	32.73	34.48	18.97	53.33	8.33	41.54	20.00
农业主导型	3.64	38.18	3.45	24.14	0	21.67	12.31	20.00
兼业型	5.45	23.64	3.45	41.38	26.67	63.33	3.08	56.92
非农型	56.36	5.45	58.62	15.52	20.00	6.67	43.08	3.08

Impact of agriculture industrial development on farmers’ livelihood:Based on the research of four migrant villages in Hongsibu District, Ningxia

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大类	单一型生计模式		复合型生计模式		多样型生计模式
	类型	代码	类型	代码	类型	代码
	单一型	S	复合型	D	多样型	M
	务工型	S1	务工+种植	D1	务工+种植+养殖	M1
亚类	种植型	S2	务工+养殖	D2	种植+务工+养殖	M2
	养殖型	S3	种植+务工	D3	务工+养殖+种植	M3
			种植+养殖	D4	养殖+务工+种植	M4
			养殖+种植	D5	养殖+种植+务工	M5
			养殖+务工	D6	种植+养殖+务工	M6

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