PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 695-706.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.04.016
• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
XIONG Chenran1,2, WANG Limao1,2,*(), QU Qiushi1,2, XIANG Ning1,2, WANG Bo1,2
Received:
2019-04-26
Revised:
2019-09-23
Online:
2020-04-28
Published:
2020-06-28
Contact:
WANG Limao
E-mail:lmwang@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
XIONG Chenran, WANG Limao, QU Qiushi, XIANG Ning, WANG Bo. Progress and prospect of geopolitical risk research[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(4): 695-706.
Tab.1
Definitions of geopolitical risk"
学者 | 典型界定 | 侧重点 |
---|---|---|
Middeldorp等[ | 是指国家间或国际组织间的冲突事件对某一国家或区域内的经济具有破坏性影响的状况 | 强调冲突性及影响 |
Burrows等[ | 是指对人类发展福祉具有潜在破坏性的政治经济变动趋势 | 不明确 |
Caldara等[ | 是指战争、恐怖主义行为、国家间冲突等事件对国际关系正常秩序与和平进程的影响 | 强调冲突性及影响 |
Neacsu[ | 是指因国家间冲突和紧张关系、战争、资源争端、恐怖主义行为等地缘政治因素影响一个国家或地区的社会经济活动和行为的事件 | 强调冲突性及影响 |
刘文革等[ | 是指国家或地区因政治动荡、社会动乱、军事冲突、恐怖主义活动等突发性事件,或者因政府治理效率低下、腐败等非突发性政治属性问题而产生的对政治、经济、社会等带来不可估量损失的风险 | 强调冲突性与和平性及影响 |
Tab.3
The impact of geopolitical risks on cultural heritage"
年份/时段 | 国家 | 遭毁坏的文化遗产地(部分) | 地缘政治事件 |
---|---|---|---|
2001年 | 阿富汗 | 比尤达(Buda) 2处历史纪念碑(1500 a历史) | 塔利班武装袭击 |
2003年 | 伊拉克 | 多处古代考古遗址 | 美国军事入侵 |
2005年 | 亚美尼亚 | 中世纪亚美尼亚公墓、纳西文墓碑 | 阿塞拜疆-亚美尼亚冲突 |
2011年 | 巴林 | 阿米尔·穆罕默德清真寺(400 a历史) | 阿拉伯之春(反政府武装) |
2013—2015年 | 利比亚 | 古生代遗址 | 阿拉伯之春(内战)、ISIS袭击 |
2014—2015年 | 伊拉克 | 尼姆鲁德(Nimrud)和哈特拉(Hatra)古代考古遗址、巴什塔皮亚(Bash Tapia)中世纪城堡、摩苏尔(Mosul)文物博物馆等 | ISIS袭击 |
2014年 | 埃及 | 伊斯兰艺术博物馆 | 恐怖袭击 |
2015—2018年 | 叙利亚 | 阿勒颇(Aleppo)历史纪念中心、帕尔米拉(Palmyra)古城遗址、阿因达拉(Ain Dara)神庙 | ISIS袭击、内战、土耳其入侵 |
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