淮河中上游流域洪水主要类型及其时空分布特征

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.04.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Flood similarity identification has important practical significance for floodwater utilization, flood control of reservoirs, and river ecological restoration. In this study, the observations of 125 flood events at the 16 hydrological stations in the middle and upper reaches of the Huai River Basin from 2006 to 2015 were collected, and the metrics of flood magnitude, timing, and rate of changes and patterns were adopted to characterize the entire flood events. Multivariate statistical analysis—principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering method—were adopted to identify the representative flood event types. Finally the temporal and spatial distributions of each flood event type were identified. The results show that: 1) there are five types of representative flood events in the upper and middle reaches of the Huai River Basin, including long duration and extreme variability type, multiple peaks and long duration type, thin and short duration type, fat and short duration type, and conventional type. 2) From the perspective of temporal distribution, the number of flood event types showed a decreasing trend during 2006-2015, and the proportion of conventional floods gradually increased. More flood event types were found in the high flow years ( e.g. 2007) and normal flow years ( e.g. 2006), and fewer types were in the low flow years (2011-2013) with high frequency of conventional and fat and short duration flood event types. 3) From the perspective of spatial distribution, many flood event types appeared at the source regions, and the flood event types at the middle reaches and downstream regions were relatively few. The flood event type of thin and short duration gradually changed to fat and short duration due to the increased water source conservation capacity, reservoirs' storage capacity, and precipitation diversity in the basin. The study provides some reference for flood information mining and characteristics analysis at the basin scale, and provides scientific foundations for decision makers in flood event analysis, reservoir flood control, and floodwater utilization in the Huai River Basin.

Key words: characteristics of flood events, multivariate statistical analysis, Huai River Basin

ZHANG Yongyong, CHEN Qiutan. Characteristics of main flood event types and their temporal-spatial variations in the upper and middle reaches of the Huai River Basin[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(4): 627-635.

Figures/Tables 8

Tab.1

Selected flood characteristic metrics and their equations"

洪水特征	指标	名称	单位	计算公式	备注
洪水量	洪水总量	R_sum	mm	$R sum = ∑ t = t begin t end 86.4 Q t A$	除以控制流域面积A(km²),以消除流域大小的影响; $t begin$ 和 $t end$ 分别为洪水开始和结束时间(d); $Q t$ 为日平均流量(m³/s)
洪水量	洪峰流量	$Q p k i$	—	$Q p k i = q p k i Q sum (i = 1,2, 3)$	除以洪水总量Q_sum(m³/s),以消除量纲的影响; $q p k i$ 为第i大洪峰(m³/s)
洪水时间	洪水历时	T_duration	d	$T duration = t end - t begin + 1$
洪水时间	洪峰出现时间	$T p k i$	—	$T p k i = t p k i / T duration (i = 1,2, 3)$	除以洪水历时,以消除量纲的影响; $t p k i$ 为第i大洪峰出现时间(d)
变化率	峰涨速率	RQ_rise	h^-1	$R Q rise = (q p k 1 - Q t begin) T p k 1 - t begin + 1 · Q sum · 24$	除以洪水总量,以消除量纲的影响; $Q t begin$ 为洪水过程开始时流量(m³/s)
变化率	峰落速率	RQ_down	h^-1	$R Q down = (q p k 1 - Q t end) t end - T p k 1 + 1 · Q sum · 24$	$Q t end$ 为洪水过程结束时流量(m³/s)
洪水形态	偏态系数	CS	—	$CS = ∑ t = t begin t end Q t - Q av σ 3 · N$	Q_av为洪水过程平均流量(m³/s);N为洪水过程的观测数;σ为标准偏差(m³/s)
洪水形态	变异系数	CV	—	$CV = σ Q av$	Q_av为洪水过程平均流量(m³/s);N为洪水过程的观测数;σ为标准偏差(m³/s)

Tab.1

Fig.1

Tab.2

Correlation coefficients among different flood characteristic metrics in different principal components and their corresponding variance"

特征指标	主成分1	主成分2	主成分3	主成分4	主成分5	主成分6
R_sum	-0.47	0.54	-0.38	0.43	-0.23	-0.04
T_duration	-0.63	0.55	-0.29	-0.10	-0.23	0.07
$Q p k 1$	0.90	0.13	-0.08	0.37	-0.01	0.04
$Q p k 2$	-0.17	0.18	0.02	0.07	0.94	0.09
$Q p k 3$	-0.06	0.44	0.89	0.07	-0.06	-0.03
$T p k 1$	-0.29	-0.38	0.17	0.58	-0.10	0.58
$T p k 2$	-0.38	0.66	-0.35	0.30	0.19	0.01
$T p k 3$	-0.06	0.44	0.89	0.07	-0.06	-0.03
RQ_rise	0.72	0.16	-0.10	0.31	0.01	-0.43
RQ_down	0.74	0.07	-0.06	0.55	-0.02	0.09
CS	0.59	0.46	-0.13	-0.55	-0.04	0.24
CV	0.71	0.40	-0.09	-0.29	-0.03	0.39
主成分方差/%	30.1	16.8	16.7	12.9	8.8	6.3
累积方差/%	91.6

Tab.2

Fig.2

Tab.3

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

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洪水类型数量	GKI指数	CI指数	类型中最少场次数及其占比
2类	0.61	0.24	39 (31.2%)
3类	0.72	0.13	11 (8.8%)
4类	0.68	0.13	11 (8.8%)
5类	0.76	0.09	11 (8.8%)
6类	0.78	0.07	2 (1.6%)

Characteristics of main flood event types and their temporal-spatial variations in the upper and middle reaches of the Huai River Basin

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References 29

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