2010—2015年贵州省关岭县石漠化时空演变及人类活动影响因素

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.11.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Karst rocky desertification (KRD) is one of the most important environmental problems in the karst area of Southwest China. Studies of KRD process and its driving mechanism have been the hot spots in the related research fields and particularly, the impact of human activities on KRD remains to be further studied. In this study, Guanling County of Guizhou Province, where KRD is extremely serious, was selected as the research area. Using SPOT5/ALOS data in 2010, GF-1/ZY-3 data in 2015, and information from field investigations, the KRD spatial distribution and KRD change data were obtained by visual interpretation. Based on the examination of the spatiotemporal change characteristics of KRD, the impact of human activities such as land use, socioeconomic development level, and KRD restoration projects were analyzed. The results of this study show that: 1) The KRD land in Guanling County is dominated by moderate KRD, and it occupies more than 45% of the total land area in 2015. 2) The deteriorating trend of KRD in Guanling County has been effectively controlled. The area of KRD land is decreasing year by year, and most of the KRD land is in a stable state, especially that the severe KRD land and the extremely severe KRD land are clearly reduced, but some of the KRD land is still deteriorating. 3) Human activities play important roles on KRD change. First, land use types, especially shrub forest land, non-irrigated farmland, and forestry land have important influences on the change of KRD. Second, the higher the population density and GDP, the higher the degree of KRD and the less the effect of restoration. The KRD restoration projects in Guanling County have made remarkable achievements, where about one-third of the stable and improved KRD lands were a result of these restoration projects.

Key words: karst, karst rocky desertification (KRD), spatial pattern, evolution process, driving mechanism, Guizhou Province

YAO Yonghui, SUONAN Dongzhu, ZHANG Junyao, HU Yufan, KOU Zhixiang. Spatiotemporal characteristics of karst rocky desertification and the impact of human activities from 2010 to 2015 in Guanling County, Guizhou Province[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(11): 1759-1769.

Figures/Tables 14

Tab.1

Tab.2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Tab.3

Fig.3

Tab.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

Fig.4

Tab.7

Fig.5

Tab.8

Statistics of the area and effect of restoration projects for karst rocky desertification in Guanling County, Guizhou Province (km2)"

工程类型/起始时间	土地利用类型	明显改善型	轻微改善型	稳定型	治理面积	工程类型/起始时间	土地利用类型	明显改善型	轻微改善型	稳定型	治理面积
植被恢复营造林工程/2006年	有林地	3.21	0.89	11.11	15.21	湿地保护与恢复工程/2008年	有林地	1.06	0.68	1.69	3.43
	疏林地	0	0.03	0.11	0.14		疏林地	0	0	0.08	0.08
	灌木林	12.45	7.81	45.79	66.05		灌木林	2.36	1.66	13.08	17.10
	未成林造林地	0.01	1.38	9.61	11.01		未成林造林地	0.29	1.13	1.12	2.54
	宜林地	0	0.05	0	0.05		天然草地	0.22	0.10	0	0.32
	小计	15.67	10.16	66.62	92.45		荒草地	0	0.28	0	0.28
其他重点工程/2007年	有林地	1.59	0.17	4.76	6.53		小计	3.94	3.85	15.96	23.75
	灌木林	5.03	1.81	31.72	38.56	长江珠江防护林工程/2006年	有林地	0.24	0.06	0.56	0.86
	未成林造林地	0	0.02	0.75	0.76		疏林地	0	0	0.02	0.02
	荒草地	0	0.12	0	0.12		灌木林	1.55	2.64	13.43	17.62
	小计	6.62	2.12	37.22	45.96		未成林造林地	0	0.87	0.17	1.04
财政造林补助工程/2006年	有林地	0.90	0.24	1.83	2.97		天然草地	0	0.09	0	0.09
	疏林地	0	0	0.02	0.02		小计	1.79	3.66	14.18	19.64
	灌木林	1.32	4.51	16.68	22.51	中幼林抚育工程/2012年	有林地	0.16	0.13	0.26	0.54
	未成林造林地	0.12	3.83	5.94	9.89		灌木林	0.61	1.74	5.39	7.75
	小计	2.34	8.58	24.46	35.39		未成林造林地	0	0	0.05	0.05
石漠化综合治理工程/2008年	有林地	1.74	0.39	3.44	5.57		小计	0.77	1.87	5.70	8.34
	疏林地	0	0	0.03	0.03	中央预算内油茶产业专项工程/2013年	有林地	0.07	0	0.01	0.08
	灌木林	2.25	2.65	21.24	26.14		灌木林	0.16	0.49	0.86	1.51
	未成林造林地	0.08	0.04	1.63	1.76		未成林造林地	0	0.10	0.07	0.16
	天然草地	1.05	0.78	0.00	1.83		小计	0.23	0.59	0.93	1.75
	小计	5.12	3.86	26.33	35.31	天然林资源保护工程/2005年	灌木林	0.36	0.55	0	0.92
退耕还林还草工程/2006年	有林地	0.60	0.32	1.92	2.84		荒草地	0	0.08	0	0.08
	疏林地	0	0	0.01	0.01		小计	0.36	0.63	0	1.00
	灌木林	3.32	2.28	18.88	24.49	生态公益林保护工程/2008年	有林地	0.06	0.09	0.01	0.16
	未成林造林地	0.14	0.57	0.35	1.07		疏林地	0	0.02	0	0.02
	天然草地	0.08	0.96	0.15	1.20		灌木林	0.07	0.14	0.41	0.62
	小计	4.15	4.13	21.32	29.60		小计	0.12	0.25	0.42	0.80
国家储备林基地建设工程/2009年	有林地	0.06	0	0	0.06	小流域综合治理工程/2014年	天然草地	0.51	0.14		0.66
	灌木林	0.04	0.02	0	0.06		小计	0.51	0.14		0.66
	小计	0.10	0.02	0	0.11	治理面积总计	294.75

Tab.8

Fig.6

References 24

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土地利用类型	代码	土地利用类型	代码
有林地	110	水田	211
疏林地	120	旱地	212
灌木林	130	天然草地	221
未成林造林地	140	改良草地	222
苗圃地	150	人工草地	223
无立木林地	160	水域	230
宜林地	170	荒草地	241
林业生产辅助用地	180	沙滩和干沟	242
建设用地	250	裸岩	243
		其他	244

石漠化程度	无石漠化	潜在石漠化	轻度石漠化	中度石漠化	重度石漠化	极重度石漠化
基岩裸露率/%	<20	20~30	30~50	50~70	70~90	>90
植被与土壤覆盖度/%	>80	70~80	50~70	30~50	10~30	<10

时间	无石漠化	潜在石漠化	石漠化					合计
时间	无石漠化	潜在石漠化	小计	轻度	中度	重度	极重度	合计
2010年	488.618	257.285	722.097	125.101	318.892	197.692	80.412	1468
2015年	547.282	253.849	666.869	150.269	368.957	142.814	4.829	1468
2010—2015年	58.664	-3.436	-55.228	25.168	50.065	-54.878	-75.583	-

石漠化演化类型	潜在石漠化	轻度石漠化	中度石漠化	重度石漠化	极重度石漠化	总计
明显改善型	73.46	21.96	2.77	0	0	98.20
轻微改善型	0	31.64	61.03	9.59	0	102.26
稳定型	180.38	96.31	292.43	113.94	0.71	683.78
加剧型	0	0	7.91	14.74	0.02	22.67
严重加剧型	0	0.35	4.81	4.55	4.09	13.80
合计						920.72

土地利用类型	潜在石漠化		轻度石漠化		中度石漠化		重度石漠化		极重度石漠化		总计
土地利用类型	2010年	2015年	2010年	2015年	2010年	2015年	2010年	2015年	2010年	2015年	2010年	2015年
有林地	47.68	55.89	31.64	24.00	22.59	21.98	12.25	7.53			114.16	109.40
疏林地	0		1.11	0	0.63	0.18	0.05	0			1.79	0.18
灌木林	128.39	164.86	65.14	88.00	166.44	187.53	51.56	53.21			411.53	493.60
未成林造林地	0		9.77	11.00	44.04	10.87	15.49	4.86			69.3	26.73
无立木林地	0		0.07	0	0.59	0.05	0.31	0.03			0.97	0.08
宜林地	0		10.92	4.00	26.09	8.81	29.55	7.39	0.40		66.96	20.20
旱地	33.53	27.90	17.36	16.00	115.94	104.22	42.78	27.41	0.35	0.31	209.96	175.84
天然草地	4.83	5.19		5.00	0.69	22.16	47.13	18.46	15.84	0.42	68.49	51.23
荒草地		0		2.00	0.08	13.15	18.00	23.92		4.09	18.08	43.16

Spatiotemporal characteristics of karst rocky desertification and the impact of human activities from 2010 to 2015 in Guanling County, Guizhou Province

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土地利用类型	明显改善型	轻微改善型	稳定型	加剧型	严重加剧型
有林地	19.43	6.34	83.56
疏林地		0.24	0.38		0.03
灌木林	68.55	47.05	372.83	4.83	0
未成林造林地	0.61	7.95	17.64	0	0.57
无立木林地		0.03	0.08	0	0
宜林地	0.05	2.20	17.11	0.85	0
旱地	2.95	7.63	163.76	1.45	0
天然草地	6.53	28.94	15.48	0	0
荒草地	0.08	1.88	12.95	15.54	13.20
合计	98.20	102.26	683.78	22.67	13.80

土地利用类型	面积/km²	比重/%	土地利用类型	面积/km²	比重/%
有林地	335.87	22.88	水田	71.36	4.86
疏林地	0.90	0.06	旱地	273.64	18.64
灌木林	575.35	39.19	天然草地	52.39	3.57
未成林造林地	28.88	1.97	荒草地	50.77	3.46
苗圃地	0.01	0	建设用地	43.95	2.99
无立木林地	0.14	0.01	水域	12.15	0.83
宜林地	22.59	1.54	总计	1468.00	100.00

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