大都市乡村发展比较及其对乡村振兴战略的启示

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.09.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Rural vitalization is closely related to the driving force of urban development and metropolitan areas are best positioned to promote rural vitalization because they are generally in a relatively advanced stage of rural development. Comparing the status of rural development and its influencing factors in major cities can provide a reference for optimizing the strategy of rural revitalization in metropolitan areas and provide some experiences for rural development in less developed areas. This study selected 14 national central cities and potential central cities, constructed an indicator system from three aspects—strong agriculture, beautiful rural environment, and wealthy rural residents, and adopted an improved entropy weight method and Pearson correlation analysis to compare and analyze the rural development level and its influencing factors in China's metropolises since 2000, and then explored its policy implications for implementing the rural vitalization strategy. The study result shows that the rural development level of the 14 metropolises is very different. Southern cities generally have higher rural development level than that of northern cities and rural development level of national central cities is not necessarily higher than that of potential central cities. Different rural development levels mean that a higher urban development stage does not necessarily lead to a real urban-rural integration, highlighting the inherent necessity of timely and effective government intervention in urban and rural development and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Rural development level is closely related to the stage of economic development, local fiscal capacity, diversification of households' livelihoods, agricultural structure, and other factors. Therefore, rural vitalization is a gradual process of advancement. It is necessary to establish scientific goals and measures of rural revitalization on the basis of local development foundations. Additionally, rural revitalization should be based on and move beyond agriculture. On the one hand, it should guarantee the development rights of major grain producing areas and traditional agricultural areas through transfer payments. On the other hand, it should continuously expand the value-added space of rural industries. In particular, rural revitalization needs to break the current segmentation of urban and rural governance and to truly give priority to agricultural and rural developments in concepts, plans, policies, and regulations.

Key words: rural development, rural vitalization, urban-rural integration, influencing factors, metropolis

CHEN Yangfen, LIU Yu, WANG Guogang. Rural development in metropolitan areas and implications for rural vitalization strategy[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(9): 1403-1411.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 24

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评价维度	评价指标	测算方法	选取依据
农业强L₁	农业规模X₁	农业总产值	衡量产业发展基础
	技术水平X₂	粮食总产量/粮食播种面积	衡量技术、资本等综合生产能力
	质量效益X₃	农业总产值/农作物播种面积	衡量农业发展的综合效益
农村美L₂	吸引力X₄	当年乡村人口/2000年乡村人口	衡量乡村人口吸引力
	农村活力X₅	农村用电量/乡村人口	衡量乡村发展活力
	绿色发展X₆	化肥施用量/农作物播种面积	衡量乡村环境情况
农民富L₃	收入水平X₇	农村居民家庭人均可支配收入	衡量农民决定收入水平
	城乡差距X₈	农村居民与城市居民收入比	衡量农民相对富裕水平
	消费能力X₉	农村居民每百户汽车拥有量	衡量农民生活消费能力

评价方法	维度	人均 GDP	人均一般公共预算支出	第一产业产值比例	粮食作物播种面积占总播种面积的比例	城镇化率	工资性收入占农民总收入比重	经营性收入占农民总收入比重	财产性收入占农民总收入比重
综合评价	总体	0.663^*** (0.010)	0.429 (0.126)	-0.383 (0.176)	-0.603^** (0.022)	0.045 (0.879)	0.323 (0.260)	-0.446 (0.110)	0.147 (0.616)
	农业	0.469 (0.091)	0.251 (0.386)	0.059 (0.842)	-0.625^** (0.017)	-0.103 (0.726)	-0.108 (0.713)	-0.134 (0.649)	0.032 (0.913)
	农村	0.142 (0.629)	0.343 (0.231)	-0.226 (0.437)	-0.269 (0.352)	0.206 (0.479)	0.140 (0.663)	-0.342 (0.231)	-0.001 (0.996)
	农民	0.599^** (0.024)	0.174 (0.552)	-0.492^* (0.074)	-0.225 (0.439)	-0.043 (0.884)	0.517^* (0.058)	-0.308 (0.285)	0.232 (0.424)
典型指标	总体	0.819^*** (<0.001)	0.769^*** (0.001)	-0.668^*** (0.009)	-0.807^*** (<0.001)	0.341 (0.233)	0.658^** (0.011)	-0.769^*** (0.001)	0.131 (0.655)
	农业	0.736 (0.003)	0.412 (0.143)	-0.337 (0.238)	-0.749^*** (0.002)	0.030 (0.920)	0.316 (0.271)	-0.458 (0.100)	0.254 (0.382)
	农村	0.235 (0.419)	0.632^** (0.015)	-0.484^* (0.080)	-0.358 (0.208)	0.445 (0.111)	0.473^* (0.088)	-0.590^** (0.026)	-0.074 (0.801)
	农民	0.830^*** (<0.001)	0.636^** (0.015)	-0.686^*** (0.007)	-0.584^** (0.028)	0.295 (0.306)	0.711^*** (0.004)	-0.623^** (0.017)	0.067 (0.820)

城市	粮食	水果	蔬菜	油料	肉类	牛奶	禽蛋	均值
北京	0.29	0.60	0.36	0.11	0.43	0.53	0.80	0.45
天津	1.00	0.63	0.75	0.33	0.62	0.74	0.73	0.69
上海	0.57	0.41	0.70	0.05	0.31	1.00	0.20	0.46
广州	0.31	0.88	0.97	0.65	0.55	0.81	0.85	0.72
重庆	0.92	0.99	1.00	1.00	0.84	0.56	0.85	0.88
成都	0.75	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.60	0.83	0.88	0.87
武汉	0.69	0.22	1.00	0.71	1.00	0.62	0.38	0.66
郑州	0.90	0.37	0.80	0.73	0.83	0.48	0.68	0.68
西安	0.85	0.80	0.76	0.63	0.86	0.82	0.96	0.81
长沙	0.92	0.96	1.00	0.98	0.97	0.58	0.99	0.91
杭州	0.42	0.93	0.88	0.77	0.77	0.44	0.65	0.69
南京	0.72	1.00	0.81	0.32	0.47	0.49	0.69	0.64
济南	0.86	0.36	0.86	0.59	0.76	0.88	0.67	0.71
沈阳	0.94	0.34	0.68	0.56	0.64	0.83	0.25	0.61
均值	0.72	0.68	0.83	0.60	0.69	0.69	0.68	0.70

Rural development in metropolitan areas and implications for rural vitalization strategy

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