大都市区城市扩张过程及形态对比分析——以东京、纽约和上海为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.05.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Global cities are stepping into the metropolitan era at a high speed. Studying the process of urban expansion in metropolitan areas is of great significance for understanding its future growth trend and regional sustainable development. However, urban expansion in metropolitan area, especially regional comparative analysis, has not been extensively understood. Taking three metropolitan areas—Tokyo, New York, and Shanghai—as examples, we obtained Landsat images in three time periods between 1990 and 2015 (circa 1990, 2000, and 2014). Using gradients and grid analysis and applying urban land density function and urban expansion index, we analyzed the spatiotemporal differences of urban expansion in two time periods from multiple perspectives. We focused on the quantitative changes and spatiotemporal distributions of built-up land, as well as urban form changes. The results show that: 1) Boundaries of these metropolitan areas were expanding and built-up land continued to grow during the study period. The built-up land area in Tokyo, New York, and Shanghai increased by 63%, 53% and 233%, respectively, over the study period. Shanghai experienced intense expansion while urban expansion in New York stagnated during the later period. 2) The density of built-up land in these metropolitan areas gradually decreases with the distance from the city center. The growth of the radii is most obvious in urban core and urban fringe, and the urban forms all tend to be compact. 3) Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of new construction land is apparent. In Tokyo, construction of new urban areas is continuous in the suburban region. In New York, some regional sub-centers with potential for growth were still expanding but the rate gradually slowed, while in Shanghai the peripheral areas of the urban core area had grown rapidly and progressively advanced to the urban fringe. 4) Regional expansion of the metropolitan areas has successively experienced high-speed growth, slow growth, and stagnation period. The expansion process manifests itself as urban core expansion, sub-center and new urban area construction, then gradually forms a stable polycentric structure.

Key words: urban expansion, metropolitan areas, urban land density, urban form, spatiotemporal differentiation

Limin JIAO, Chen GONG, Gang XU, Ting DONG, Boen ZHANG, Zehui LI. Urban expansion dynamics and urban forms in three metropolitan areas—Tokyo, New York, and Shanghai[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(5): 675-685.

Figures/Tables 11

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大都市区	影像获取时间		人口/百万人	人口年均增长率/%	建设用地面积/km²	建设用地面积年均增长率/%	人口密度/ (万人/km²)	人口密度年均变化率/%
东京	T1	1990-05	29.18	—	2799.62	—	1.04	—
	T2	2000-10	31.35	0.74	3293.50	1.82	0.95	-0.87
	T3	2014-05	34.76	0.78	4563.51	3.01	0.76	-1.43
纽约	T1	1991-01	16.23	—	5178.69	—	0.31	—
	T2	2000-08	17.95	1.18	7606.34	4.36	0.24	-2.51
	T3	2011-08	18.41	2.23	7899.47	0.25	0.23	-0.09
上海	T1	1991-12	10.04	—	962.23	—	1.04	—
	T2	2000-09	14.46	4.89	2043.07	7.82	0.71	-3.52
	T3	2015-05	24.38	4.57	3204.22	3.27	0.76	0.47

城市	时期	α	c	D	R²
东京	T1 (1990年)	2.595	0.008	57.88	0.988
	T2 (2000年)	2.999	0.011	64.55	0.991
	T3 (2014年)	3.533	0.023	78.26	0.993
纽约	T1 (1991年)	2.685	0.001	80.38	0.990
	T2 (2000年)	3.606	0.018	100.40	0.994
	T3 (2011年)	3.603	0.017	103.00	0.994
上海	T1 (1991年)	2.101	0.034	26.06	0.987
	T2 (2000年)	2.920	0.052	46.64	0.985
	T3 (2015年)	4.181	0.076	65.78	0.990

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Urban expansion dynamics and urban forms in three metropolitan areas—Tokyo, New York, and Shanghai

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