PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 637-647.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.05.002
• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2018-07-11
Revised:
2019-01-22
Online:
2019-05-28
Published:
2019-05-28
Contact:
Yungang LIU
E-mail:lulu.hou@foxmail.com;ygliu@scnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Lulu HOU, Yungang LIU. The evolving concept of lebensraum in political geography[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(5): 637-647.
Tab.1
Comparison of lebensraum between Ratzel and geopolitics schools"
项目 | 拉氏生存空间 | 地缘政治生存空间 | |
---|---|---|---|
主要背景学科 | 生物地理学、政治地理学 | 政治学、军事学 | |
研究时段 | 1897年至今 | 1904—1945年 | |
定义 | 人类有机体在其范围内生存与发展的地理区域 | 民族国家有机体在世界范围内生存与发展的地理区域 | |
空间特征 | 边界 | 生命在空间中移动的自然战场,在相互竞争中演化 | 明确的、强制的,由国家军事力量决定,根据地缘环境不断变化 |
领土空间 | 空间具有双面性:空间越广,保护性越强;空间越小,灵活性越强 | 空间越大,生存保障越高 | |
多元性 | 种族的多元与杂融能提高其竞争力 | 种族主义,崇尚种族纯化 | |
运转规律 | 自然演进 | 强者主导战争,优胜劣汰 | |
终极状态 | 巨型有机体 | 强国占有(并领导)的泛区域 |
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