迁居意愿、地方依赖和社区认同——北京中关村地区居住选择调查分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.011

Abstract

Abstract:

With the increasing prosperity of China's economy, it has become an important issue for urban studies and urban development to examine residents' residential choice. Zhongguancun is one of the typical areas in China that have experienced fast economic growth, urban development, and population movement. This study investigated residential mobility intentions of urban residents in relations to their place dependency and community identity with an empirical study of Zhongguanyuan, Kechun, and Zhixi communities in the Zhongguancun area by a questionnaire survey and interviews. Williams scale was employed to investigate and quantify sense of community identity and place dependency especially on education and employment with a total of 292 valid survey questionnaires and 52 in-depth interviews. The results reveal that Zhongguancun residents have high place dependence with regard to children's education and employment, as well as a strong sense of community identity. Among the 292 respondents, 115 have an intention to move, accounting for 39.4% of the total and this proportion rose to 47.2% and 57.6% in the surveyed residents with low dependence on employment and children's education, respectively. Also, most of the residents who have intention to move show a weak community identity. Of the 115 residents who have an intention to move, 97 (84.3%) have no or low sense of belongings to their communities. These results indicate that as the two important factors in residential space, place dependence (including children's education and employment) and community belongings obviously relate to the residential mobility intention and behavior, and therefore have emerged as new driving factors that shape urban space in contemporary China. They should be the focal points for planners and policymakers in urban resource distribution. This study may enrich the research content of living space from the perspective of sense of place, and provide a reference for understanding the characteristics of contemporary urban living space and improving the quality of urban development.

Key words: residential space, residential mobility intention, place dependence, community identity, Beijing City

Zhenshan YANG, Di WU, Ding YANG. Willingness to move, place dependence and community identity: An investigation of residential choice in the Zhongguancun area in Beijing[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(3): 417-427.

Figures/Tables 9

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调查变量	变量释义
迁居意愿	愿意继续居住,不愿意继续居住,尚未决定
户口	有北京户口,无北京户口
学历	小学及以下、初中到高中、大专或本科、硕士、博士以上
住房性质	自有产权住房,租房,其他
在本社区居住时间	1 a以下,1~5 a,5~10 a,10~20 a,20~30 a,30~40 a,40~50 a,50 a以上
社区认同感	根据社区认同感量表的各项问题进行汇总后计平均分。其中对各项正向陈述的回答“非常同意、比较同意、一般、比较不同意、非常不同意”依次计分5~1
教育依赖感	根据地方依赖感量表的各项问题进行汇总后计平均分。按照“强依赖、比较依赖、中立、依赖性不强、没有依赖”依次计分5~1
就业依赖感	根据地方依赖感量表的各项问题进行汇总平均计分。计分方式同上

变量名	教育依赖	变量名	就业依赖	变量名	社区认同
J1	没有地区能与中关村这一带教育资源相比	JY1	没有地区能与中关村这一带的就业条件相比	SQ1	我非常喜欢本社区
J2	住在这里能比在其他地方可享受更多的教育资源	JY2	住在这里能比在其他地方可享受更多的创业优惠	SQ2	我觉得自己是本社区中的一部分
J3	住在这里所享受到的教育资源比住在其他地方更让我满意	JY3	住在这里所享受到的市场资源比住在其他地方更让我满意	SQ3	我很关心本社区组织的活动
J4	中关村这一带是孩子上学最好的地方	JY4	中关村这一带是就业最好的地方	SQ4	我觉得本社区的生活对我很重要
J5	我不想让孩子在其他地方上学	JY5	我不想在其他地方工作	SQ5	我认同在本社区生活能为我提供的教育资源
J6	其他地区无法比中关村这一带的教育资源更适合孩子发展	JY6	其他地区无法比中关村这一带的条件更适合就业	SQ6	我认同在本社区生活能为我提供的就业条件
J7	除了中关村这一带,我无法想象一个更好的地方让孩子上学	JY7	除了中关村这一带,我无法想象一个更好的地方来就业	SQ7	我认同这个社区的物质环境
J8	其他地区的教育资源不能为我提供和这里一样的效果	JY8	其他地区的就业资源不能为我提供和这里一样的效果	SQ8	我愿意付出时间和精力,使社区环境变得更好
				SQ9	我愿意提供金钱帮助,使社区环境变得更好

	教育依赖	就业依赖	社区认同
α	0.918	0.896	0.756
组内指标相关性	0.580	0.517	0.307

特征	特征类型	人数/人	占全部被调查人员/%	特征	特征类型	人数/人	占全部被调查人员/%
性别	男	130	45	户口情况	北京户口	141	48
性别	女	162	55	户口情况	非北京户口	151	52
住房性质	自有产权	140	48	就业情况	本地区就业人数	150	51
	租房	121	44		有创业意愿的人	74	25
	其他住房类型^*	31	8		正在创业的人	35	12
工资	2000元以下	44	15	学历	小学及以下	11	4
	2000~4000元	56	19		初中到高中	85	29
	4000~6000元	56	19		大专或本科	127	43
	6000~8000元	41	14		硕士	53	18
	8000~10000元	58	20		博士及以上	16	5
	10000元以上	37	13	在本社区居住时间	1 a及以内	60	21
居住人员	独居	23	8		1~5(含) a	81	28
	配偶	54	18		5~10(含) a		44	15
	父母或子女^*	140	48	10~20(含) a		52	18
	祖孙三代	25	9	20~30(含) a		24	8
	同事	37	13	30~40(含) a		17	6
	其他居住人员^*	13	4	40~50(含) a		7	2
				50 a以上	7	2

因素	特征类型	居住意愿			总计
因素	特征类型	愿意	不愿意	不好说	总计
北京户口	是	101(71.6%)^*	12(8.5%)	28(19.9%)	141(100.0%)
北京户口	否	76(50.3%)	24(15.9%)	51(33.8%)	151(100.0%)
住房性质	自有产权房	97(69.3%)	15(10.7%)	28(20.0%)	140(100.0%)
	租房	70(57.9%)	15(12.4%)	36(29.8%)	121(100.0%)
	其他	10(32.3%)	6(19.4%)	15(48.4%)	31(100.0%)
房屋满意度	非常满意	19(79.2%)	1(4.2%)	4(16.7%)	24(100.0%)
	比较满意	89(70.6%)	9(7.1%)	28(22.2%)	126(100.0%)
	一般	60(52.6%)	17(14.9%)	37(32.5%)	114(100.0%)
	不太满意	8(34.8%)	6(26.1%)	9(39.1%)	23(100.0%)
	非常不满意	1(20.0%)	3(60.0%)	1(20.0%)	5(100.0%)
居住时间	5 a及5 a内	80(56.7%)	22(15.6%)	39(27.7%)	141(100.0%)
居住时间	5 a以上	97(64.3%)	14(9.3%)	40(26.5%)	151(100.0%)
就业依赖	1(含)~2分	2(25.0%)	4(50.0%)	2(25.0%)	8(100.0%)
	2(含)~3分	54(55.1%)	15(15.3%)	29(29.6%)	98(100.0%)
	3(含)~4分	103(64.4%)	13(8.1%)	44(27.5%)	160(100.0%)
	≥4分	18(69.2%)	4(15.4%)	4(15.4%)	26(100.0%)
教育依赖	1(含)~2分	2(28.6%)	4(57.1%)	1(14.3%)	7(100.0%)
	2(含)~3分	25(48.1%)	6(11.5%)	21(40.4%)	52(100.0%)
	3(含)~4分	94(61.0%)	18(11.7%)	42(27.3%)	154(100.0%)
	≥4分	56(70.9%)	8(10.1%)	15(19.0%)	79(100.0%)
社区认同	1(含)~2分	0(0)	1(100.0%)	0(0)	1(100.0%)
	2(含)~3分	21(33.9%)	20(32.3%)	21(33.9%)	62(100.0%)
	3(含)~4分	137(66.5%)	14(6.8%)	55(26.7%)	206(100.0%)
	≥4分	19(82.6%)	1(4.3%)	3(13.0%)	23(100.0%)
总计		177(60.6%)	36(12.3%)	79(27.1%)	292(100.0%)

Willingness to move, place dependence and community identity: An investigation of residential choice in the Zhongguancun area in Beijing

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[3]	Yajuan SHI, Yongbin ZHU, Jinchuan HUANG. Relationship between infrastructure and socioeconomic development in Beijing [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(4): 450-461.
[4]	Yiqing XU, Fenghua PAN, Xiaoyu JIANG, Yalin QU, Jinshe LIANG. The geography and syndication investment networks of venture capital in Beijing [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(3): 358-367.
[5]	Nan DONG, Xiaohuan YANG, Hongyan CAI. A method for demographic data spatialization based on residential space attributes [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(11): 1317-1328.
[6]	Teqi DAI, Liang WANG, Yuchao ZHANG, Cong LIAO. Optimizing school distribution with constraints of school size after school consolidation in rural China: A case study of Yanqing District, Beijing City [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(11): 1352-1359.
[7]	SUN Yukang, YUAN Yuan. Neighborhood influences on adolescent development under the background of urban residential space differentiation：a case study of Lujiang Village and Yijing Community [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(6): 756-764.
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因素	特征类型	调查人员就业依赖量表平均分				合计
因素	特征类型	1(含)~2分	2(含)~3分	3(含)~4分	≥4分	合计
本地区就业	是	2(1.3%)	41(27.3%)	87(58.0%)	20(13.3%)	150(100.0%)
本地区就业	否	6(4.2%)	57(40.1%)	73(51.4%)	6(4.2%)	142(100.0%)
自主创业	是	0(0.0%)	8(22.9%)	18(51.4%)	9(25.7%)	35(100.0%)
自主创业	否	8(3.1%)	90(35.0%)	142(55.3%)	17(6.6%)	257(100.0%)
创业打算	是	0(0)	20(27.0%)	41(55.4%)	13(17.6%)	74(100.0%)
创业打算	否	8(3.7%)	78(35.8%)	119(54.6%)	13(6.0%)	218(100.0%)
工作行业	IT行业	3(6.4%)	16(34.0%)	20(42.6%)	8(17.0%)	47(100.0%)
	建筑工程	1(10.0%)	2(20.0%)	7(70.0%)	0(0)	10(100.0%)
	餐饮服务	0(0.0%)	3(20.0%)	11(73.3%)	1(6.7%)	15(100.0%)
	医疗卫生	1(3.2%)	11(35.5%)	16(51.6%)	3(9.7%)	31(100.0%)
	文教机构	0(0)	19(40.4%)	25(53.2%)	3(6.4%)	47(100.0%)
	交通运输	0(0)	2(40.0%)	3(60.0%)	0(0)	5(100.0%)
	批发零售	0(0)	3(21.4%)	7(50.0%)	4(28.6%)	14(100.0%)
	物流快递	0(0)	1(50.0%)	1(50.0%)	0(0.0%)	2(100.0%)
	其他	3(2.5%)	41(33.9%)	70(57.9%)	7(5.8%)	121(100.0%)
工资	2000元以下	1(2.3%)	18(40.9%)	23(52.3%)	2(4.5%)	44(100.0%)
	2000~4000元	3(5.4%)	15(26.8%)	33(58.9%)	5(8.9%)	56(100.0%)
	4000~6000元	1(1.8%)	19(33.9%)	28(50.0%)	8(14.3%)	56(100.0%)
	6000~8000元	0(0.0%)	14(34.1%)	22(53.7%)	5(12.2%)	41(100.0%)
	8000~10000元	3(5.2%)	19(32.8%)	33(56.9%)	3(5.2%)	58(100.0%)
	10000元以上	0(0)	13(35.1%)	21(56.8%)	3(8.1%)	37(100.0%)
合计		8(2.7%)	98(33.6%)	160(54.8%)	26(8.9%)	292(100.0%)

因素	特征类型	调查人员子女教育量表平均分				合计
因素	特征类型	1(含)~2分	2(含)~3分	3(含)~4分	≥4分	合计
北京户口	是	4(2.8%)	21(14.9%)	77(54.6%)	39(27.7%)	141(100.0%)
北京户口	否	3(2.0%)	31(20.5%)	77(51.0%)	40(26.5%)	151(100.0%)
住房性质	自有产权	3(2.1%)	20(14.3%)	78(55.7%)	39(27.9%)	140(100.0%)
	租房	4(3.3%)	27(22.3%)	59(48.8%)	31(25.6%)	121(100.0%)
	其他	0(0)	5(16.1%)	17(54.8%)	9(29.0%)	31(100.0%)
子女是否上学	是	3(2.1%)	21(14.4%)	75(51.4%)	47(32.2%)	146(100.0%)
子女是否上学	否	4(2.7%)	31(21.2%)	79(54.1%)	32(21.9%)	146(100.0%)
子女是否上辅导班	是	0(0)	19(16.7%)	58(50.9%)	37(32.5%)	114(100.0%)
子女是否上辅导班	否	7(3.9%)	33(18.5%)	96(53.9%)	42(23.6%)	178(100.0%)
教育满意度	非常满意	2(3.5%)	4(7.0%)	25(43.9%)	26(45.6%)	57(100.0%)
	比较满意	3(1.7%)	30(16.8%)	99(55.3%)	47(26.3%)	179(100.0%)
	一般	2(3.9%)	17(33.3%)	27(52.9%)	5(9.8%)	51(100.0%)
	不太满意	0(0)	0(0)	3(75.0%)	1(25.0%)	4(100.0%)
	非常不满意	0(0)	1(100.0%)	0(0)	0(0)	1(100.0%)
是否满足需求	是	6(2.3%)	41(16.0%)	137(53.3%)	73(28.4%)	257(100.0%)
是否满足需求	否	1(2.9%)	11(31.4%)	17(48.6%)	6(17.1%)	35(100.0%)
合计		7(2.4%)	52(17.8%)	154(52.7%)	79(27.1%)	292(100.0%)

因素	特征类型	调查人员社区认同量表平均分				合计
因素	特征类型	1(含)~2分	2(含)~3分	3(含)~4分	≥4分	合计
北京户口	有	0(0)	18(12.8%)	104(73.8%)	19(13.5%)	141(100.0%)
北京户口	无	1(0.7%)	44(29.1%)	102(67.5%)	4(2.6%)	151(100.0%)
住房性质	自有产权	0(0)	17(12.1%)	104(74.3%)	19(13.6%)	140(100.0%)
	租房	1(0.8%)	32(26.4%)	85(70.2%)	3(2.5%)	121(100.0%)
	其他	0(0)	13(41.9%)	17(54.8%)	1(3.2%)	31(100.0%)
居住时间	5 a及5 a内	1(0.7%)	42(29.8%)	92(65.2%)	6(4.3%)	141(100.0%)
居住时间	5 a以上	0(0)	20(13.2%)	114(75.5%)	17(11.3%)	151(100.0%)
工作行业	IT行业	0(0)	15(31.9%)	31(66.0%)	1(2.1%)	47(100.0%)
	建筑工程	0(0)	2(20.0%)	5(50.0%)	3(30.0%)	10(100.0%)
	餐饮服务	0(0)	2(13.3%)	13(86.7%)	0(0)	15(100.0%)
	医疗卫生	0(0)	6(19.4%)	25(80.6%)	0(0)	31(100.0%)
	文教机构	0(0)	4(8.5%)	38(80.9%)	5(10.6%)	47(100.0%)
	交通运输	0(0)	1(20.0%)	3(60.0%)	1(20.0%)	5(100.0%)
	批发零售	0(0)	3(21.4%)	11(78.6%)	0(0)	14(100.0%)
	物流快递	0(0)	1(50.0%)	1(50.0%)	0(0)	2(100.0%)
	其他	1(0.8%)	28(23.1%)	79(65.3%)	13(10.7%)	121(100.0%)
合计		1(0.3%)	62(21.2%)	206(70.5%)	23(7.9%)	292(100.0%)