邻里环境对流动人口主观幸福感的影响——基于广州的实证

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.07.012

Abstract

Abstract:

A sustainable new type of urbanization in China should be "people-oriented." Migrants are the main body of new urban residents, and their subjective wellbeing is one of the significant criteria for measuring the quality of urbanization. A plethora of literature has shed light on the low quality of migrants' lives, however, little research has been done to understand how migrants evaluate their own lives in host cities, and no study has been undertaken to link migrants' subjective wellbeing with their residential environments. Using the data collected from a questionnaire survey in Guangzhou and multilevel linear models, this study examined the determinants of migrants' subjective wellbeing in host cities. It particularly focused on the extent to which and how migrants' social ties and residential environment influence their subjective wellbeing. The results indicate that in general, migrants have a lower level of subjective wellbeing than local residents, and the cognitive and emotional components of migrants' subjective wellbeing are influenced by different factors. Social support and neighborhood environment matter in determining the cognitive component of migrants' wellbeing (life satisfaction), but the emotional component of their wellbeing (positive and negative affects) is influenced partly by some of the selected variables of neighborhood social or built environments, and no evidence shows any impact of social support. Meanwhile, dwelling conditions also show an impact on migrants' life satisfaction and negative affect.

Key words: subjective wellbeing, migrants, neighborhood environments, Guangzhou

Yi LIU, Yuqi LIU, Ye LIU, Zhigang LI, Yingzhi QIU. Impacts of neighborhood environments on migrants' subjective wellbeing: A case study of Guangzhou, China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(7): 986-998.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1

Tab.1

Descriptive statistics of migrants' characteristics and residential environments"

层次	变量	说明	均值/比重(标准差)
个体家庭层次	个体属性
	年龄		37.3(9.6)
	性别/%	性别比例
	男		53.4
	女		46.6
	健康状况
	生理健康	受访者自述健康状况(1~5分,表示不健康至很健康)	4.3(0.7)
	心理健康	GHQ-12量表测度心理健康状况(12~48分,分值越低越健康)	22.8(5.2)
	流动时长/年	迁居到本社区的年数	7.6(5.9)
	社会地位(相对剥夺)	受访者对自身在广州社会地位的自我评估(1~10分,表示最低至最高)	5.9(1.6)
	社会支持		16.0(32.0)
	社会联系	以受访者在广州的亲友数量表示,体现获得支持的可能性	16.5(32.7)
	邻里互助	邻里互助的频次(1~5分,表示不互助至频繁互助)	3.6(0.7)
	家庭属性
	婚姻家庭组织/%
	与配偶同住	夫妻同居在本社区的样本比重	79.1
	单身/离异/丧偶		16.8
	独自外出	已婚流动人口独自居住在本社区的样本比重	4.1
	家庭人均年收入/万元	2014年同住在本社区居所的家庭成员人均年收入	4.3(5.1)
	家庭人均居住面积/m²	当前住房的人均居住面积	17.0(14.3)
	当前住房产权/%
	拥有产权	对当前住房拥有所有权	18.5
	没有产权	对当前住房没有所有权(租住)	81.5
邻里层次	邻里社会环境
	邻里和谐程度	2014年居委会备案的社区刑事案件与邻里纠纷数	64.3(88.0)
	流动人口比重/%	流动人口占本社区总人口的比重	49.9(33.8)
	邻里贫困/%	低保户人数^⑥占本社区总人口的比重	0.452(2.796)
	邻里人口密度/(万人/km²)	邻里常住人口与其行政面积之比	7.2(8.4)
	邻里建成环境
	整洁程度	调研员对街巷、开敞空间、康乐与配套设施、楼道与垃圾回收等5项打分(1~5分,表示非常脏乱至非常整洁)	3.4(0.8)
	配套设施	邻里中13种配套设施(如超市、公园、幼儿园、医务室、银行/ATM等)的保有数量(1~13分,表示各类设施的现有数量)	9.9(1.6)
	公交站点数量	邻里几何中心点向外缓冲1 km得到的公交、地铁站点总数,体现邻里可达性	21.4(7.9)
	建筑建成年代	1=1980年代以前,2=1980年代,3=1990年代,4=2000年代,5=2010年代	2.1(1.0)

Tab.1

Fig.2

Tab.2

Average scores of migrants' life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect"

变量	生活满意度	积极情感	消极情感	变量	生活满意度	积极情感	消极情感
个体属性				当前住房产权
年龄				拥有产权	23.0	34.0	19.5
18~30	19.9	34.0	20.2	没有产权	19.4	33.6	19.5
31~40	19.9	33.9	18.9	家庭人均居住面积/m²
41~50	20.4	33.8	19.2	≤5	19.0	32.0	20.9
>50	20.0	31.5	20.3	5~10	18.5	33.2	19.4
性别				10~30	20.1	34.0	19.1
男	20.1	34.4	19.3	≥30	23.1	34.1	20.3
女	20.1	32.8	19.7	邻里社会环境
健康状况				邻里安全与和谐
生理健康				<10	21.1	33.2	19.1
1~3(不健康)	19.5	31.5	20.7	11~30	18.4	32.9	17.6
4~5(健康)	20.1	33.9	19.4	31~50	19.9	32.0	17.8
心理健康				>50	19.8	34.4	20.7
12~24(良好)	20.1	34.9	17.6	流动人口比重/%
25~37(较差)	20.0	31.8	22.4	0~50	20.4	33.2	19.3
流动时长/年				50~100	19.7	34.1	19.7
≤1	19.8	33.1	20.3	邻里贫困/%
2~3	20.0	34.0	19.5	0.0~0.5	20.2	33.8	19.6
4~10	19.9	33.6	19.0	0.5~1.0	18.5	31.8	18.9
>10	20.4	33.7	19.7	人口密度/万人/km²
社会地位				≤2	22.2	33.3	19.4
1~4(低)	20.6	34.2	19.2	>2	19.3	33.7	19.5
≥5(中高)	19.1	32.7	20.0	邻里建成环境
社会支持				整洁程度
社会联系				1~3(脏乱/吵闹)	19.5	34.0	19.8
0~10	19.7	33.5	19.5	4~5(整洁)	20.6	33.3	19.3
>10	20.6	33.8	19.5	配套设施
邻里互助				1~9(缺乏)	21.1	33.7	19.3
1~3(弱)	19.2	33.1	20.3	10~13(良好)	19.8	33.6	19.6
4~5(强)	20.7	34.0	19.0	公交站点数
家庭属性				<10	23.2	32.5	18.1
婚姻家庭组织				10~20	20.2	33.0	19.8
与配偶同住	20.0	33.5	19.3	>20	19.7	34.0	19.5
单身/离异/丧偶	19.9	34.0	20.3	建筑建成年代
独自外出	19.9	35.6	19.7	1980年代及以前/1	19.0	33.3	19.3
家庭人均年收入/万元				1990年代/2	19.9	33.9	18.7
≤1	17.9	32.3	21.1	2000年代/3	21.6	33.8	20.5
1~5	19.7	33.8	19.3	2010年代/4	20.6	33.9	19.9
5~10	21.5	32.8	18.7	流动人口均值	20.1	33.6	19.5
≥10	22.8	33.5	20.6	户籍人口均值	21.4	33.4	18.5

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig. 3

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	生活满意度		积极情感		消极情感
	估值	标准误	估值	标准误	估值	标准误
社会环境
邻里安全与和谐	-0.006^*	0.004	0.000	0.006	0.001	0.005
流动人口比重	-0.013^*	0.009	-0.007	0.013	-0.017^*	0.011
邻里贫困	-0.187^**	0.085	-0.119	0.109	-0.116	0.091
邻里人口密度	-0.096^***	0.028	-0.062^*	0.038	-0.047^*	0.032
建成环境
整洁程度	0.704^**	0.333	-0.498	0.478	-0.086	0.403
配套设施	0.067	0.204	-0.171	0.289	0.051	0.244
公交站点数	0.079^**	0.037	0.134^***	0.052	0.061	0.044
建筑建成年代	1.281^***	0.308	0.449	0.409	0.275	0.340
个体属性
年龄	0.025	0.028	-0.035	0.034	0.000	0.028
性别(参照组：男)	0.350	0.447	1.224^**	0.541	-0.460	0.445
健康状况
生理健康(参照组：健康)	-0.151	0.796	0.713	0.962	-0.964	0.791
心理健康(连续型)	-0.026	0.043	-0.397^***	0.052	0.538^***	0.043
流动时长/年	0.047	0.043	0.005	0.052	-0.050	0.043
社会地位(相对剥夺)	-0.543^***	0.156	-0.413^**	0.190	-0.180	0.156
社会支持
社会联系	0.022^***	0.007	0.008	0.008	0.002	0.007
邻里互助	0.746^***	0.308	-0.012	0.375	-0.392	0.308
家庭属性
婚姻家庭组织(参照组：夫妻同住)	-0.539	0.671	0.216	0.811	-1.337^**	0.666
独自外出	-2.331^**	1.281	0.241	1.546	-0.351	1.271
家庭人均年收入/万元	0.055	0.048	-0.012	0.059	-0.138^***	0.048
家庭人均居住面积/m²	0.050^***	0.019	0.030	0.024	0.035^**	0.020
当前住房产权(参照组：无产权)	-0.944	0.679	-0.263	0.829	0.319	0.683
常数	12.981^***	3.809	44.185^***	5.119	10.579^***	4.277
方差
组内方差	20.107	1.350	29.034	1.9953	19.597	1.359
组间方差	1.74E-15	1.75E-14	0.776	0.7296	0.625	0.620
对数似然值	-1296.249		-1382.222		-1295.581

模型	空模型(无任何变量)			全模型(含所有变量)
模型	组内方差	组间方差	ICC^⑧/%	组内方差	组间方差	IPRV/%
生活满意度模型	21.955	5.321	19.5	20.176	0.000	99.9
积极情感模型	35.704	1.761	4.7	29.034	0.776	97.3
消极情感模型	27.146	2.286	7.8	19.596	0.625	96.8

Impacts of neighborhood environments on migrants' subjective wellbeing: A case study of Guangzhou, China

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