中国东、中、西三大地区水资源绿色效率时空演变特征与收敛性分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.07.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Using the slacks-based measure (SBM) model, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial differences of green efficiency of water resources and the shift of spatial center of gravity in China by constructing the meta-frontier and group-frontier functions, and convergence tests of the green efficiency total factor productivity (TFP) of the frontier water resources of the group-frontier. The result shows that the technology gap ratio in the eastern region is as high as 1 and only 0.404 and 0.551 in the central and western regions, and verifies that the green efficiency of water resources in the frontier of the group is more reasonable and can reflect the green efficiency of the water resources, and proved the necessity of zoning research on the green efficiency of water resources. The green efficiency of water resources in different regions of China has a large technological gap relative to the different technological frontiers, and the average green efficiency of water resources in many areas is lower than the national average. The green efficiency of water resources in China is generally low and there is still much room for improvement. In the early stage of the study period, the green efficiency of water resources in the eastern part of China increased continuously, while the central and western regions experienced declines. In the later period, imbalance is observed in the east-west and north-south directions. Green efficiency of water resources in the mainland of China as a whole and the central and western regions exhibited TFP σ convergence, indicating that the overall green efficiency of water resources TFP difference will disappear automatically with the passage of time. At the national level and in the eastern, central, and western regions, absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence are significant, indicating that the green efficiency of regional water resources TFP differences will convergence to a steady state with the passage of time.

Key words: slacks-based measure (SBM) model, group-frontier, green efficiency of water resources, center of gravity-standard deviation ellipse, convergence, China

Caizhi SUN, Qifei MA, Liangshi ZHAO. Temporal and spatial evolution of green efficiency of water resources in China and its convergence analysis[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(7): 901-911.

Figures/Tables 11

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类型	投入指标	产出指标	定义
(1)	水足迹、劳动力、资本存量	GDP	水资源经济效率
(2)	水足迹、劳动力、资本存量	GDP、灰水足迹	水资源环境效率
(3)	水足迹、劳动力、资本存量	GDP、灰水足迹、社会发展指数(SDI)	水资源绿色效率

目标层	一级指标	二级指标	指标类型
社会发展指数	人口控制x₁	人口自然增长率	成本型
	城市化水平x₂	非农业人口比例	效益型
	政府对科教的重视程度x₃	科教事业费占财政支出比例	效益型
	高素质人口比例x₄	大专以上文化程度占总人口比例	效益型
	医疗资源占有情况x₅	每万人口医生数	效益型

东部	meta	group	TGR	中部	meta	group	TGR	西部	meta	group	TGR
北京	0.955	0.955	1.000	山西	0.426	0.975	0.436	重庆	0.414	0.933	0.444
天津	0.963	0.963	1.000	内蒙古	0.458	0.978	0.468	四川	0.475	0.958	0.496
河北	0.170	0.170	1.000	吉林	0.418	0.942	0.444	贵州	0.244	0.421	0.579
辽宁	0.517	0.517	1.000	黑龙江	0.363	0.875	0.414	云南	0.178	0.332	0.538
上海	0.889	0.889	1.000	安徽	0.245	0.884	0.277	西藏	0.440	0.579	0.760
江苏	0.272	0.272	1.000	江西	0.230	0.515	0.446	陕西	0.320	0.612	0.523
浙江	0.423	0.423	1.000	河南	0.126	0.345	0.365	甘肃	0.424	0.693	0.611
福建	0.416	0.416	1.000	湖北	0.245	0.702	0.348	青海	0.451	0.845	0.534
山东	0.183	0.183	1.000	湖南	0.193	0.466	0.413	宁夏	0.408	0.761	0.537
广东	0.607	0.607	1.000					新疆	0.290	0.483	0.600
广西	0.259	0.260	0.998
海南	0.730	0.730	1.000
均值	0.532	0.532	1.000	均值	0.300	0.743	0.404	均值	0.364	0.662	0.551

年份	重心坐标	移动方向	移动距离/km	东西方向距离/km	南北方向距离/km	速度/ (km/a)	东西方向速度/(km/a)	南北方向速度/(km/a)
2000	110.38°E,35.06°N
2004	111.45°E,34.53°N	东偏南26.165°	134.66	120.86	59.38	33.67	30.22	14.85
2008	111.90°E,34.69°N	东偏北19.749°	52.53	49.44	17.75	13.13	12.36	4.44
2011	111.62°E,34.89°N	西偏北36.602°	38.00	30.51	22.66	12.67	10.17	7.55
2014	111.72°E,35.28°N	东偏北76.655°	44.46	10.26	43.25	14.82	3.42	14.42

年份	转角θ/°	面积/万km²	沿x轴的标准差/km	沿y轴的标准差/km	形状指数
2000	62.528	419.397	1037.183	1287.192	0.806
2004	51.437	400.363	1041.214	1224.016	0.851
2008	39.828	397.427	1028.129	1230.504	0.836
2011	49.833	384.932	1007.498	1216.224	0.828
2014	54.092	370.060	965.160	1220.526	0.791

Temporal and spatial evolution of green efficiency of water resources in China and its convergence analysis

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	东部	中部	西部	全国
常数项	-0.049^***	0.005	-0.041	-0.027^**
常数项	(-2.83)	(1.43)	(-1.48)	(-2.41)
系数β	-0.988^***	-1.303^***	-1.381^***	-1.137^***
系数β	(-10.33)	(-12.86)	(-13.87)	(-20.78)
模型设定	固定效应	固定效应	固定效应	固定效应
Ajusted-R2	0.427	0.607	0.618	0.538
收敛性判断	收敛	收敛	收敛	收敛

	东部	中部	西部	全国
常数项	-1.764	-0.090	-4.347^**	-2.711^***
常数项	(-0.74)	(-0.11)	(-2.07)	(-2.63)
系数β	-0.881^***	-1.091^***	-1.264^***	-1.085^***
系数β	(-10.89)	(-12.48)	(-14.60)	(-21.84)
β₁	0.304^***	-0.056	0.055	-0.010
β₁	(2.61)	(-0.57)	(0.38)	(-0.19)
β₂	-0.014^***	0.001	-0.013	-0.008^***
β₂	(-3.10)	(0.46)	(-1.55)	(-2.87)
β₃	-0.004	0.071	-0.901^**	-0.780^***
β₃	(-0.01)	(0.22)	(-1.99)	(-3.08)
β₄	-0.363^**	-0.040	-0.031	0.217^**
β₄	(-2.04)	(-0.80)	(-0.14)	(2.42)
β₅	0.118	-0.060	0.413^**	0.193^**
β₅	(0.68)	(1.01)	(2.19)	(2.28)
β₆	-0.0001	-0.0001	8.02e-07	-0.00002
β₆	(0.86)	(-0.76)	(0.01)	(-0.75)
β₇	0.014^*	0.004	0.030	0.018
β₇	(-0.61)	(0.20)	(1.42)	(1.57)
模型设定	固定效应	随机效应	固定效应	固定效应
Ajusted-R²	0.485	0.614	0.668	0.576
收敛性判断	收敛	收敛	收敛	收敛

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