属性和网络结构双重视角下农民工流动规律研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.08.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Migrant workers' migration at the micro level is associated with intercity economic linkages at the macro level. Jointly considering attributes of migrant workers and source/destination cities and network relation structures provides a powerful tool for the analysis of such association. Using the survey data of 1142 migrant workers and network data of 198 cities from official websites, this article analyzes the effects of individual and city attributes, individual social network factors, and city network factors on migrant workers' migration. Regression results indicate that individual attributes such as age, education, occupation type, working years, emigration and immigration areas, and individual network factors such as the type of helpers in job seeking and whether the helpers hold a public service position, have significant impact on migrant workers' choice of destination area, migration distance, and income. Through analyzing city attributes and whole networks' out-degree and in-degree, correlation between networks, scale-free properties, core-periphery structure, and small world characteristics, the following migration patterns are revealed: from underdeveloped areas to developed cities, pursuing high wages at the expense of long distance, clustering in target cities, no guarantee of high salary working in developed cities, and migrating to developed cities directly rather than through indirectly routes. Based on the above conclusions, some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for guiding migration decision making, reducing information cost, and optimizing the allocation of labor resources.

Key words: migrant workers, attribute factors, ego-centric network, whole network, complex structure characteristics, migration patterns

Yike REN, Liancheng SONG, Ruifang SHE, Haifeng DU. Migrant workers' migration patterns from the dual perspectives of attributes and network structures[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(8): 940-951.

Figures/Tables 12

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References 29

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变量	分类	人数/人	比重/%	变量	分类	人数/人	比重/%
性别	男	645	56.5	婚姻	未婚	459	40.2
	女	497	43.5		已婚	683	59.8
年龄	25岁以下	362	31.7	打工年限	5年以下	418	36.6
	25~44岁	566	49.6		5~9年	312	27.3
	45岁及以上	214	18.7		10年及以上	412	36.1
文化程度	小学及以下	177	15.5	行业类型	制造采矿业	333	29.2
	初中	525	46.0		建筑业	183	16.0
	高中及以上	440	38.5		服务业	626	54.8

城市等级	流出地						流入地
城市等级	个数		极大值	极小值	均值	标准差	个数	极大值	极小值	均值	标准差
一线	3	22968.60	16538.19	19003.26	3467.80		5	24964.99	16538.19	20015.04	3717.87
二线	18	15719.72	1358.60	7062.00	3705.49		31	15719.72	1358.60	6810.87	3179.95
三线	31	6148.40	1700.33	3259.78	1129.61		43	6148.40	1046.00	3072.48	1171.73
四线	42	2168.34	745.00	1414.50	382.49		40	2155.91	745.00	1402.70	367.94
五线	6	915.81	416.20	673.34	204.08		12	2045.00	195.00	694.78	500.53
六线	31	1078.59	123.60	635.73	277.83		30	1222.30	100.12	570.34	289.03

城市等级	流出地						流入地
城市等级	个数		极大值	极小值	均值	标准差	个数	极大值	极小值	均值	标准差
一线	3	4408.50	3441.25	3945.42	484.93		5	4408.50	3144.75	3678.45	514.33
二线	18	3401.08	2246.67	2843.23	406.25		31	3441.25	2178.33	2910.76	419.87
三线	31	3441.25	2178.33	2899.07	416.70		43	3441.25	2178.33	2977.49	378.40
四线	42	3441.25	2178.33	2596.83	320.95		40	3401.08	2178.33	2595.97	276.33
五线	6	2722.58	2272.75	2624.71	176.02		12	3331.25	2272.75	2663.60	371.34
六线	31	3441.25	2178.33	2589.27	302.19		30	3441.25	2178.33	2591.14	302.28

变量		流入地流出地GDP差	流动距离(log)	流入地流出地工资差
个体属性因素
个人属性	性别(女)	-0.024	-0.001	-0.011
	年龄(25岁以下)
	25~44岁	-0.076^*	0.032	-0.068^*
	45岁及以上	-0.078^*	-0.083⁺	-0.056⁺
	文化程度(小学及以下)
	初中	-0.086^*	-0.130^**	-0.015
	高中及以上	-0.062	-0.060	-0.004
	婚姻状况(未婚)	-0.026	-0.071⁺	0.038
行业属性	行业类型(服务业)
	制造采矿业	0.050⁺	0.142^***	0.020
	建筑业	0.036	0.103^***	0.002
流动属性	打工年限(5年以下)
	5~9年	0.079^*	0.034	-0.007
	10年及以上	0.071⁺	0.035	-0.028
	流出地(西部)
	东部	-0.339^***	-0.330^***	-0.577^***
	中部	0.140^***	0.001	0.151^***
	流入地(西部)
	东部	0.516^***	0.314^***	0.714^***
	中部	-0.186^***	-0.065	-0.135^***
个体网络因素	成员类型(农村熟人)
	农村熟人+市民	0.001	-0.081^**	-0.001
	市民	0.003	-0.057+	0.042^*
	是否有公职人员关系	-0.095^***	0.010	-0.033
R²		0.385	0.198	0.610
F值		36.305^***	14.365^***	90.890^***

网络名称	点度	极大值	均值	标准差	极大值代表城市	GDP/距离/工资	城市等级	出入度与城市等级相关性
城市关系网络	出度	15	2.268	3.221	鹰潭	639.3亿元	六线	0.154^*
城市关系网络	入度	25	2.268	3.911	北京	22968.6亿元	一线	-0.528^***
距离关系网络	出度	10	1.101	1.992	吉林—北京	1079.8 km	三线— 一线	0.122⁺
距离关系网络	入度	16	1.101	2.425	运城—北京	865.5 km	四线— 一线	-0.470^***
工资关系网络	出度	13	1.323	2.304	鹰潭	2512.4元	六线	0.194^***
工资关系网络	入度	25	1.323	3.272	北京	4408.5元	一线	-0.452^***

Migrant workers' migration patterns from the dual perspectives of attributes and network structures

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点度	城市关系网络	距离关系网络	工资关系网络
出度	-1.351^***	-1.336^***	-1.395^***
入度	-1.380^***	-1.280^***	-1.138^***

网络名称	城市类型	个数/ 对数	统计特征							T检验/ F检验	相关系数
网络名称	城市类型	个数/ 对数	极大值			代表城市	极小值	代表城市	均值	标准差	单位
城市关系网络	核心	142	24964.99	上海	212.70	七台河	3479.99	4297.70	亿元	T=17.569^***	Eta=0.235
城市关系网络	边缘	56	6137.74	泉州	100.12	怒江	1494.50	1389.14	亿元	T=17.569^***	Eta=0.235
距离关系网络	核核	1052	4112.90	齐齐哈尔—红河	0	安庆—安庆	534.98	693.04	km	F=7.543^***	Eta=0.883
	核边	79	960.20	宿迁—咸阳	10	武威—凉州	284.42	191.09	km
	边边	11	364.00	衡水—唐山	0	衡水—衡水	77.16	112.14	km
工资关系网络	核心	177	4408.50	北京	2178.33	白城	2777.12	417.16	元	T=2.652	Eta=0.085
工资关系网络	边缘	21	3441.25	清远	2178.33	白山	2665.55	367.74	元	T=2.652	Eta=0.085

网络指标	城市关系网络			距离关系网络			工资关系网络
网络指标	随机网络		实际网络		随机网络	实际网络	随机网络	实际网络
密度(弧数)	0.0115(449)	0.0115(449)		0.0056(218)	0.0056(218)		0.0067(262)	0.0067(262)
节点数	198	198		198	198		198	198
平均聚类系数	0.007	0.068		0.002	0.019		0.004	0.020
平均路径长度	5.733	2.888		4.776	1.442		7.956	1.234

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