东北地区城市宜居性评价及影响因素分析——基于2007-2014年面板数据的实证研究

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the background of new urbanization, urban livability has become a focus of academic research. This study established an evaluation index of urban livability from six aspects, including resources, environment, economy, society, living condition, and safety. Based on entropy analysis method and ArcGIS spatial analysis method, this study explored the spatial-temporal characteristics of livability levels of 37 cities in Northeast China from 2007 to 2014. The results show that: (1) In 2007-2014, overall urban livability level was relatively low and the speed of improvement was relatively small, but the differences between cities were narrowing. (2) The spatial pattern of urban livability presents a "dual core" distribution with two high value centers at Shenyang and Dalian, as well as a "fan blade" shaped distribution centered around Changchun, Harbin, and Daqing. (3) There was a weak spatial correlation in the livability of cities, but the correlation is increasing year by year. (4) There were differences in the overall urban livability and the individual index values. Cities have different advantages and disadvantages in different indicators. (5) When discussing the impact of socioeconomic factors on urban livability, this study established a panel data model and found that the balance of household savings, investment of urban facilities, real estate development, community-level service facilities, and population density have positive effect on livability, while the impact of SO₂ emissions was negative.

Key words: livability, spatial-temporal characteristics, influencing factors, panel data model, Northeast China

Zhanhua JIA, Guofeng GU. Urban livability and influencing factors in Northeast China: An empirical study based on panel data, 2007-2014[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(7): 832-842.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab.1

Tab.2

Index values of urban livability in Northeast China, 2007, 2010, and 2014"

2007年			2010年			2014年
综合得分		城排序		综合得分	城排序	综合得分	城排序
0.0352	沈阳		0.0344	大连		0.0341	大连
0.0350	大连		0.0336	沈阳		0.0337	沈阳
0.0309	大庆		0.0312	长春		0.0325	哈尔滨
0.0307	哈尔滨		0.0309	哈尔滨		0.0316	长春
0.0302	长春		0.0305	大庆		0.0306	大庆
0.0285	盘锦		0.0283	鞍山		0.0280	呼伦贝尔
0.0281	抚顺		0.0282	盘锦		0.0277	鞍山
0.0280	鞍山		0.0277	辽阳		0.0277	盘锦
0.0278	本溪		0.0275	丹东		0.0274	吉林
0.0275	吉林		0.0275	吉林		0.0272	锦州
0.0274	营口		0.0274	营口		0.0268	抚顺
0.0273	丹东		0.0274	锦州		0.0268	本溪
0.0272	锦州		0.0272	本溪		0.0267	营口
0.0271	辽阳		0.0268	抚顺		0.0266	辽阳
0.0270	佳木斯		0.0267	松原		0.0266	松原
0.0269	呼伦贝尔		0.0265	铁岭		0.0265	牡丹江
0.0265	铁岭		0.0265	呼伦贝尔		0.0264	佳木斯
0.0263	松原		0.0264	佳木斯		0.0264	葫芦岛
0.0260	通化		0.0263	牡丹江		0.0263	四平
0.0259	葫芦岛		0.0263	通化		0.0263	丹东
0.0258	鸡西		0.0260	辽源		0.0263	绥化
0.0257	牡丹江		0.0260	赤峰		0.0262	通辽
0.0256	白山		0.0259	齐齐哈尔		0.0262	赤峰
0.0256	阜新		0.0257	绥化		0.0260	黑河
0.0255	齐齐哈尔		0.0256	通辽		0.0259	齐齐哈尔
0.0254	白城		0.0256	阜新		0.0258	铁岭
0.0254	赤峰		0.0256	葫芦岛		0.0257	朝阳
0.0254	通辽		0.0255	四平		0.0257	通化
0.0253	四平		0.0255	白山		0.0256	白城
0.0253	朝阳		0.0254	鸡西		0.0256	辽源
0.0252	双鸭山		0.0254	朝阳		0.0253	阜新
0.0251	辽源		0.0253	七台河		0.0253	鸡西
0.0251	鹤岗		0.0252	双鸭山		0.0252	双鸭山
0.0251	伊春		0.0251	黑河		0.0248	伊春
0.0251	七台		0.0251	白城		0.0248	鹤岗
0.0245	绥化		0.0248	鹤岗		0.0246	七台河
0.0244	黑河		0.0248	伊春		0.0244	白山

Tab.2

Fig.1

Tab.3

Fig.2

Tab.4

Fig.3

Fig.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

Tab.7

Overall estimation of fixed effects model"

F统计量	62.7507	P值(F统计量)	0.0000
R²	0.7582	$R ? 2$	0.7461
Log likelihood	-34.6747	D-W	1.9866

Tab.7

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总目标层	准则层	指标层	权重
城市宜居性评价指标体系	经济富裕度(0.2216)	人均GDP/元城镇居民人均可支配收入/元农村居民人均纯收入/元人均社会消费品零售额/元第三产业占GDP的比重/% 在岗职工平均工资/元	0.0307 0.0319 0.0220 0.0341 0.0181 0.0247
	经济富裕度(0.2216)	科学技术财政支出/元每万人人均教育经费支出/元	0.0303 0.0299
	环境优美度(0.2236)	人均绿地面积/m² 建成区绿化覆盖率/% 年均气温/℃ 年均降水量/mm 一般工业固体废物综合利用率/% 污水处理厂集中处理率/% 生活垃圾无害化处理率/% 公园数量/个	0.0175 0.0216 0.0243 0.0285 0.0368 0.0318 0.0286 0.0347
	安全保障度 (0.1630)	城市养老保险覆盖率/% 城市医疗保险覆盖率/% 城市失业保险覆盖率/% 刑事案件数/件城镇登记失业人数/人交通事故死亡人数/人	0.0276 0.0360 0.0415 0.0123 0.0270 0.0186
	生活便利度 (0.3918)	万人拥有公共汽车数量/辆人均城市道路面积/m² 万人拥有出租车数量/辆排水管道长度/m 城市燃气普及率/% 城市供水普及率/% 通讯指数^* 医院、卫生院数/个每百人公共图书馆藏书/本剧场、影院数/个学校数量/所人均住房建筑面积/m²	0.0298 0.0321 0.0320 0.0374 0.0243 0.0279 0.0199 0.0356 0.0319 0.0363 0.0288 0.0224
		就业人口中批发零售业、住宿餐饮业及居民服务就业比重/%	0.0334

宜居水平	2007年	2010年	2014年
低	伊春、鹤岗、黑河、绥化、辽源、七台河	鹤岗、黑河、双鸭山、七台河、白城、伊春	七台河、鹤岗、伊春、白山
较低	齐齐哈尔、白城、双鸭山、牡丹江、白山、四平、通辽、赤峰、朝阳、阜新	齐齐哈尔、鸡西、七台河、通辽、阜新、朝阳、葫芦岛、白山、四平、绥化	齐齐哈尔、黑河、鸡西、双鸭山、白城、辽源、通化、朝阳、阜新、铁岭
中等	铁岭、松原、鸡西、通化、葫芦岛	呼伦贝尔、赤峰、松原、牡丹江、佳木斯、铁岭、辽源、通化、抚顺	佳木斯、牡丹江、松原、四平、通辽、赤峰、丹东、营口、本溪、辽阳、抚顺、绥化、葫芦岛
较高	呼伦贝尔、佳木斯、锦州、辽阳、本溪、鞍山、盘锦、抚顺、营口、吉林、丹东	吉林、锦州、盘锦、鞍山、营口、本溪、丹东、辽阳	呼伦贝尔、吉林、锦州、鞍山、盘锦
高	大连、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨、大庆	大连、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨、大庆	大连、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨、大庆

检验方法	原假设H₀	统计量	检验结论
F检验	混合模型	9.0944^***	固定效应模型
Hausman检验	随机效应模型	87.0060^***	固定效应模型

变量	系数	T统计值	P值
常数项	-4.4164	-6.9348	0.0000
Ln SZ	0.1251	6.1982	0.0000
Ln ZZ	0.1593	4.9283	0.0000
Ln SS	0.0564	2.7004	0.0073
Ln CX	0.2323	6.1861	0.0000
Ln RK	0.0482	1.7104	0.0881
Ln SO₂	-0.1573	-4.8786	0.0000

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Urban livability and influencing factors in Northeast China: An empirical study based on panel data, 2007-2014

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名次			2007年					2014年
名次	经济富裕度	环境优美度	生活便宜度	安全保障度	综合水平	经济富裕度	环境优美度	生活便宜度	安全保障度	综合水平
1	大连	大连	沈阳	沈阳	沈阳	大连	大连	哈尔滨	沈阳	大连
2	沈阳	沈阳	大连	大连	大连	沈阳	哈尔滨	长春	大连	沈阳
3	大庆	大庆	长春	哈尔滨	大庆	大庆	沈阳	沈阳	长春	哈尔滨
4	哈尔滨	营口	哈尔滨	鞍山	哈尔滨	哈尔滨	长春	大连	哈尔滨	长春
5	鞍山	丹东	大庆	长春	长春	盘锦	大庆	大庆	抚顺	大庆
6	盘锦	本溪	呼伦贝尔	抚顺	盘锦	长春	锦州	呼伦贝尔	吉林	呼伦贝尔
7	本溪	通化	盘锦	本溪	抚顺	吉林	丹东	绥化	鞍山	鞍山
8	长春	长春	佳木斯	锦州	鞍山	本溪	盘锦	鞍山	呼伦贝尔	盘锦
9	吉林	阜新	鞍山	吉林	本溪	呼伦贝尔	伊春	四平	本溪	吉林
10	抚顺	伊春	锦州	铁岭	吉林	鞍山	营口	锦州	齐齐哈尔	锦州