基于农户视角的耕地细碎化程度评价——以湖北省“江夏区—咸安区—通山县”为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.09.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Farmers are the most important actors of economic activities and the most basic decision-making units in rural China and the main managers of cultivated land, and therefore it is important to examine cultivated land fragmentation degree based on farmers' perspective. This study used average distance between parcels to characterize the spatial distribution of parcels, and developed an evaluation indicator system of cultivated land fragmentation degree. Taking Jiangxia District, Xian'an District, and Tongshan County in Hubei Province as cases, the improved TOPSIS method was employed to evaluate cultivated land fragmentation degree based on data from a farming household sampling survey. The results are as follows. (1) Selection of indicators of cultivated land fragmentation should be based on the characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation, that is, the area, number, and distribution of land parcels. Therefore, average area of parcels, number of parcels, and average distance between parcels were selected to measure the degree of cultivated land fragmentation. (2) There were significant differences in cultivated land fragmentation between hillock and plain area and low mountain and hilly area. The average area of parcels in the hillock and plain area in the north of the study area was larger than that in the low mountain and hilly area in the south. The number of parcels in the hillock and plain area was more than that in the low mountain and hilly area; the average distance between parcels or the average distance from parcels to home in the hillock and plain area was shorter than that in the low mountain and hilly area; and cultivated land fragmentation degree in the hillock and plain area was lower than that in the low mountain and hilly area. (3) Due to the difference in landform in the study area, cultivated land fragmentation degree showed a general pattern of low in the northern hillock and plain area and high in the southern low mountain and hilly area. (4) Cultivated land fragmentation showed significant differences in areas with different economic development level. In the hillock and plain area, the higher the level of economic development of the area, the higher the degree of cultivated land fragmentation; while in the low mountain and hilly area, the higher the level of economic development of the area, the lower the degree of cultivated land fragmentation.

Key words: cultivated land fragmentation, farming household, evaluation indicator, TOPSIS method, Hubei Province

Gaohui WEN, Gangqiao YANG, Wenxiong WANG, Wei ZHAO. Evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation degree based on farmers' perspective:A case of Jiangxia District, Xian'an District, and Tongshan County in Hubei Province[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(9): 1129-1143.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Weights of cultivated land fragmentation degree evaluation indicators"

指标层	含义	赋值	样本数	总分	平均值	权重
地块平均面积 $a ?$	地块面积越小,对农业生产越不方便、越不利	5=认同;4=较认同;3=一般(说不清);2=较不认同;1=不认同	477	1764	3.698	0.332
地块数量 $n$	耕地面积一定,地块数量越多,对农业生产越不方便、越不利	5=认同;4=较认同;3=一般(说不清);2=较不认同;1=不认同	477	1762	3.694	0.332
地块间的平均距离 $d ?$	地块间的距离越远,对农业生产越不方便、越不利	5=认同;4=较认同;3=一般(说不清);2=较不认同;1=不认同	477	1784	3.740	0.336

Tab.3

Tab.4

Characteristic values of cultivated land fragmentation degree evaluation indicators"

指标	江夏区					咸安区
指标	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
$a ?$ /hm²	0.020	0.400	0.071	0.050	0.017	0.267	0.059	0.031	0.013	0.267	0.044	0.025
$n$ /块	1	55	12.201	8.072	1	40	10.259	6.425	1	41	9.594	5.149
$d ?$ /km	0.000	3.270	0.492	0.495	0.000	3.955	0.397	0.399	0.000	6.902	0.517	0.628
$d ? ′$ /km	0.000	3.500	0.594	0.475	0.002	4.000	0.568	0.522	0.040	3.525	0.627	0.457
指标	岗地平原地区							低山丘陵地区
指标	最小值		最大值	均值		标准差	最小值	最大值		均值		标准差
$a ?$ /hm²	0.020		0.400	0.070		0.046	0.013	0.267		0.047		0.024
$n$ /块	1		55	11.631		7.725	1	41		9.771		5.473
$d ?$ /km	0.000		3.270	0.447		0.429	0.000	6.902		0.490		0.592
$d ? ′$ /km	0.000		4.000	0.583		0.499	0.020	3.525		0.609		0.472

Tab.4

Fig.2

Tab.5

Fig.3

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区(县)	乡(镇、街道)	行政村	样本数	地形地貌
江夏区	纸坊街道	丰收村、林港村	18	岗地平原
	郑店街道	崇岭村、关山村、莲花桥村、廖桥村	35	岗地平原
	乌龙泉街道	四一村、团结村、新建村、幸福村	35	岗地平原
	安山街道	茶园村、马鞍村、青春村、山巷村、胜利村	44	岗地平原
	山坡街道	保福村、大咀村、光星村、群力村	32	岗地平原
	小计		164
咸安区	贺胜桥镇	贺胜村、花坪村、万秀村	27	岗地平原
	横沟桥镇	李堡桥村、杨畈村	20	岗地平原
	官埠桥镇	渡船村、雨坛村、紫潭村	30	岗地平原
	浮山街道	龙潭村、太乙村	20	低山丘陵
	温泉街道	肖桥村	6	低山丘陵
	马桥镇	曾铺村、马桥村、钱庄村	29	低山丘陵
	桂花镇	白沙村、柏墩村、毛坪村	26	低山丘陵
	小计		158
通山县	大路乡	杨狮坑村、余长畈村	19	低山丘陵
	南林桥镇	罗城村、南林村、石门村	29	低山丘陵
	通羊镇	李渡村、茅田村、石宕村	28	低山丘陵
	闯王镇	坳坪村、宝石村、仙崖村	30	低山丘陵
	厦铺镇	花纹村、藕塘村、厦铺村	29	低山丘陵
	杨芳林乡	郭家岭村、杨芳林村	20	低山丘陵
	小计		155
合计			477

特征	类别	江夏区			咸安区			通山县
特征	类别	样本数		比例/%		样本数	比例/%	样本数	比例/%
性别	男	118	71.95		114	72.15		127	81.94
性别	女	46	28.05		44	27.85		28	18.06
年龄/岁	<40	5	3.05		8	5.06		7	4.52
	40~49	24	14.63		30			18.99	20	12.90
	50~59	53	32.32		46			29.11	61	39.36
	60~69	56	34.15		51			32.28	57	36.77
	≥70	26	15.85		23			14.56	10	6.45
受教育程度	小学及以下	79	48.17		76	48.10		98	63.22
	初中	63	38.41		61			38.61	40	25.81
	高中	21	12.81	19		12.02	15		9.68
	大学及以上	1	0.61	2		1.27	2		1.29
是否担任过村干部	否	148	90.24	142	89.87	146	94.19
是否担任过村干部	是	16	9.76	16		10.13	9		5.81
目前从事工作	纯农业	101	61.58	95	60.13	98	63.22
	农业为主,非农为辅	13	7.93	23		14.56	9		5.81
	非农为主,农业为辅	15	9.15	26		16.45	26		16.77
	纯非农	17	10.37	7		4.43	13		8.39
	丧失劳动力或退休	18	10.97	7		4.43	9		5.81
承包地面积/hm²	≤0.2	8	4.88	22	13.92	28	18.06
	0.2~0.4	30	18.29	48		30.38	73		47.10
	0.4~0.6	40	24.39	44		27.85	43		27.74
	0.6~0.8	33	20.12	21		13.29	6		3.87
	0.8~1.0	19	11.59	11		6.96	4		2.58
	>1.0	34	20.73	12		7.60	1		0.65
人均年收入/(万元/人)	≤1	60	36.59	63	39.87	60	38.71
	1~2	75	45.73	62		39.24	72		46.45
	2~3	23	14.02	31		19.62	17		10.97
	>3	6	3.66	2		1.27	6		3.87
农业收入比重/%	≤10	114	69.51	106	67.09	122	78.71
	10~30	33	20.12	24		15.19	15		9.68
	30~50	5	3.05	8		5.06	4		2.58
	50~70	3	1.83	9		5.70	4		2.58
	70~90	6	3.66	7		4.43	3		1.93
	>90	3	1.83	4		2.53	7		4.52

地区	江夏区	咸安区	通山县	岗地平原地区	低山丘陵地区
耕地细碎化程度C	0.415	0.416	0.428	0.413	0.426
耕地细碎化程度C'	0.433	0.434	0.445	0.431	0.443

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Evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation degree based on farmers' perspective:A case of Jiangxia District, Xian'an District, and Tongshan County in Hubei Province

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