非物质文化遗产资源旅游开发价值评价体系与应用——以苏州市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.08.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Tourism development is an important way to protect and utilize intangible cultural heritage resources. This study defined the concept of intangible cultural heritage resource tourism development, discussed the characteristics of intangible tourism resources, and formed the indicator system of intangible cultural heritage resource development potential based on characteristics of the resources, including resource endowment, possibility for visual display and experience, tourism development conditions in the heritage site, and other factors. Indicators of the evaluation include value of the heritage, cultural influence of the heritage, inheritance status, innovation ability, product derivation, tourist experience, visual display, target group attracted, and other influencing factors of intangible cultural heritage resource development. A total of 28 indicators and indices were selected and organized into five levels, including target, comprehensive evaluation, element evaluation, factor evaluation, and evaluation indicator, and they were weighted. The three comprehensive evaluation indices are experience (with a weight of 0.4211), tourism development conditions in the heritage site (with a weight of 0.3504), and resource endowment (with a weight of 0.2285), indicating that visual display and experience of resources is the most important factor influencing the potential of intangible cultural heritage resource tourism development. For the operationalization of the indicator system, a resource scoring table was put forward. Taking Suzhou City as an example, intangible cultural heritage resources of the provincial level and above were evaluated, among which three were classified as level three tourism resources, 16 as level two tourism resources, and 29 as level one tourism resources, and 41 are without value for tourism development. The results show that derivative products, suitability for visual display, level of appeal, and heritage protection situation produce an effect on whether the intangible resources can become tourist resources; comprehensive evaluation decisively influences the potential of tourism resources for tourism development. Intangible cultural heritage of handicraft and folk custom are of high tourism development potential and intangible cultural heritage resource of folklore, traditional sports and entertainment, acrobatics and traditional medicine are of low tourism development potential. Empirical research proves that the intangible cultural heritage resource tourism development potential indicator system developed in this research is useful and can provide scientific support for tourism destinations to assess intangible cultural heritage resources and develop tourism.

Key words: intangible cultural heritage, tourism development potential, indicator system, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Suzhou City

Xiyue ZHANG, Hu YU, Tian CHEN, Xinge WANG, Fuyuan WANG. Evaluation of tourism development value of intangible culture heritage resources:A case study of Suzhou City[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(8): 997-1007.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Classification of intangible culture heritage resource tourism development potential indicators"

评价指标	对应目标层的权重	评分标准/分
评价指标	对应目标层的权重	0	20	40	60	80	100
E₁遗产等级	0.0567	未评级	县级	市级	省级	国家级	世界级
E₂流行地区的人口	0.0087	<10万	10~50万	50~100万	100~500万	500~1000万	>1000万
E₃流行地域的范围	0.0150	—	镇域内	县域内	跨县域	地级市	跨地级市
E₄集中传承的范围	0.0246	无集中传承场所	传承点分布非常分散	分布分散于(相当于)县域内范围	分布集中于(相当于) 镇域范围内	分布集中于(相当于) 村落内	单一传承聚集点
E₅进行舞台化表演的适宜性	0.0057	不适宜	很低	低	一般	较高	很高
E₆进行舞台化表演的观赏性	0.0079	—	很差	差	一般	较好	很好
E₇进行现场展示的适宜性	0.0071	不适宜	很低	低	一般	较高	很高
E₈进行现场展示的观赏性	0.0102	—	很差	差	一般	较好	很好
E₉产生收藏性作品的适宜性	0.0126	不适宜	很低	低	一般	较高	很高
E₁₀产生实用性物品的适宜性	0.0142	不适宜	很低	低	一般	较高	很高
E₁₁群众参与的积极性	0.0146	—	很低	低	一般	较高	很高
E₁₂传承群体的个数	0.0097	—	极少	很少	较高	高	很高
E₁₃学徒招收情况	0.0126	—	很差	差	一般	较好	很好
E₁₄对遗产的研究整理情况	0.0132	—	对遗产的研究整理忽视	对非遗的历史脉络有物化资料保存	对非遗的历史脉络有良好梳理和物化保存	有专门的研究机构或博物馆	有非遗保护基地
E₁₅拥有传承人的级别	0.0157	无级别	—	区级、县级	市级	省级	国家级
E₁₆游览观赏的美感度	0.0248	—	很差	差	一般	较好	很好
E₁₇旅游过程的趣味性	0.0400	—	很差	差	一般	较好	很好
E₁₈开展游客参与活动的适宜性	0.0346	不适宜	很差	差	一般	较好	很好
E₁₉参与活动的效果	0.0231	—	很差	差	一般	较好	很好
E₂₀展示方式的多样性	0.0878	—	极低	很低	一般	高	很高
E₂₁展示内容的丰富性	0.0802	—	极少	很少	一般	较丰富	很丰富
E₂₂大众游客市场规模	0.0624	—	规模很小,受到年龄、学历、地域文化差异的影响	规模较小,受到年龄、学历、地域文化差异的影响	规模一般,受到年龄、学历、地域文化差异的影响	规模较大,基本不受年龄、学历、地域文化差异的影响	规模很大,不受年龄、学历、地域文化差异的影响
E₂₃吸引专门化游客的规模	0.0683	—	能吸引极少数的专门化游客	能吸引专门化游客,群体规模较小	能吸引专门化游客,群体规模一般	能吸引专门化游客,形成一定规模	能吸引专门化游客,形成很大规模
E₂₄集中传承遗产地交通可进入性	0.1075	—	通往遗产地的交通可进入性差	通往遗产地的交通可进入性较差	通往遗产地的交通基本通畅	可进入性较好,具有三级公路直达	可进入性好,具有二级以上公路或设有高铁站;或具有旅游专线交通工具
E₂₅遗产地的住宿设施条件	0.0721	无旅游住宿设施	客房的数量、档次不能满足旅游者的需求	客房的数量基本满足旅游者需求,无星级酒店	客房的数量、档次能够满足旅游者需求,有3星级酒店	客房的数量、档次能够满足旅游者需求,有4星级酒店	客房的数量、档次能够满足旅游者需求,有5星级酒店
E₂₆遗产地旅游人次规模	0.0403	未达到本省前50%	在本省居前50%	在本省居前40%	在本省居前30%	在本省居前20%	在本省居前10%
E₂₇遗产地的景区等级	0.0662	无旅游吸引物	有其他旅游吸引物	有经营状况良好的景区	有评为3A级的旅游景区	有评为4A级的旅游景区	有评为5A级的旅游景区
E₂₈遗产地的旅游产业规模	0.0643	未达到本省前50%	在本省居前50%	在本省居前40%	在本省居前30%	在本省居前20%	在本省居前10%

Tab.3

Fig.2

Tab.4

Tab.5

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A非物质文化遗产资源旅游开发价值	B₁资源禀赋条件	B₂可展示与体验性	B₃遗产地旅游发展条件	W_i	C.R.
B₁资源禀赋条件	1.0000	0.5672	0.6240	0.2285	0.0019
B₂可展示与体验性	1.6026	1.0000	1.2563	0.4211
B₃遗产地旅游发展条件	1.7632	0.7960	1.0000	0.3504

目标层	综合评价层	权重	要素评价层	对应上一层的权重	对应目标层的总权重	因子评价层	对应上一层的权重	对应目标层的总权重
A非物质文化遗产资源旅游开发价值	B₁资源禀赋条件	0.2285	C₁遗产文化价值	0.2483	0.0567	D₁遗产等级	1.0000	0.0567
			C₂传承与影响范围	0.2111	0.0482	D₂流行影响范围	0.4904	0.0237
			C₂传承与影响范围	0.2111	0.0482	D₃传承群体的集中度	0.5096	0.0246
			C₃产品衍生性	0.2531	0.0578	D₄舞台表演	0.2362	0.0137
						D₅过程展示	0.2991	0.0173
						D₆收藏性作品	0.2185	0.0126
						D₇实用性物品	0.2462	0.0142
			C₄传承与创新潜力	0.2875	0.0657	D₈社会参与程度	0.2220	0.0146
						D₉传承艺人的数量规模	0.3390	0.0223
						D₁₀遗产的开发创新潜力	0.4390	0.0288
	B₂可展示与体验性	0.4211	C₅游客体验性	0.2909	0.1225	D₁₁美感度	0.2025	0.0248
						D₁₂体验过程的趣味性	0.3266	0.0400
						D₁₃可参与性	0.4709	0.0577
			C₆可展示性	0.3988	0.1679	D₁₄可展示方式的多样性	0.5226	0.0878
			C₆可展示性	0.3988	0.1679	D₁₅可展示内容的丰富性	0.4774	0.0802
			C₇吸引目标群体	0.3103	0.1307	D₁₆大众游客	0.4774	0.0624
			C₇吸引目标群体	0.3103	0.1307	D₁₇专门化游客	0.5226	0.0683
	B₃遗产地旅游发展条件	0.3504	C₈旅游设施	0.5127	0.1797	D₁₈交通条件	0.5985	0.1075
			C₈旅游设施	0.5127	0.1797	D₁₉旅游住宿设施	0.4015	0.0721
			C₉旅游业发展情况	0.4873	0.1707	D₂₀旅游人次	0.2360	0.0403
						D₂₁旅游景区质量等级	0.3876	0.0662
						D₂₂旅游产业规模	0.3763	0.0643

遗产类别			资源级别			合计
国际分类		中国统计分类		三级	二级	一级
口头传统和表现形式	民间文学		0	0	0	0
表演艺术	传统音乐		0	1	3	4
	传统舞蹈		0		1	0	1
	传统戏曲		0		2	2	4
	曲艺		0		1	0	1
	传统体育、游艺与杂技		0		0	0	0
传统手工艺	传统美术	3	1	8	12
传统手工艺	传统技艺	0		8	10	18
有关自然界和宇宙的知识和实践	传统医药	0	0	0	0
社会实践、仪式与节庆	民俗	0	2	6	8
	合计	3	16	29	48

旅游资源级别	资源名称
三级	苏绣、灯彩、盆景技艺
二级	碧螺春制作技艺、桃花坞木版年画、明式家具、香山帮传统建筑营造技艺、剧装戏具制作技艺、庙会(苏州轧神仙庙会)、缂丝织造技艺、昆曲、滑稽戏、苏州端午习俗、苏州评弹、制扇技艺、千灯跳板茶、民族乐器制作技艺(苏州民族乐器制作技艺)、古琴艺术、宋锦织造技艺
一级	江南丝竹、泥塑、邓尉探海、核雕(光福核雕)、藏书澄泥石刻、玉雕、常熟花边制作技艺、苏州漆器、传统木船制作(古船制作)、青铜失蜡铸造技艺、苏剧、竹编(后塍竹编)、七夕节(太仓七夕习俗)、玄妙观道教音乐、上鹞灯、苏州彰缎织造、国画颜料制作技艺(姜思序堂国画颜料制作技艺)、吴罗织造(四经绞罗织造)、金村庙会、锡剧、甪直水乡妇女服饰、虞山派篆刻艺术、木雕(佛像雕刻)、传统棉纺织(雷沟大布)、圣堂庙会、金山石雕、陆慕蟋蟀盆制作技艺、砖雕、十番音乐(辛庄)

Evaluation of tourism development value of intangible culture heritage resources:A case study of Suzhou City

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