1978-2015年喀喇昆仑山克勒青河流域冰川变化的遥感监测

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.07.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI images of 1978, 1991, 2001, and 2015, glacier boundaries in the Shaksgam River Basin, Karakoram Mountains were extracted using computer aided image classification and visual interpretation methods, and the changes of glaciers in the study area were analyzed. The results show that the total area of glaciers in the study area was reduced from 1821.70 km2 to 1675.92 km2 during 1978-2015, by 145.78 km2, or 8% of the total area of glaciers. Under the background of climate warming, however, the rate of glacier retreating shifted from fast to slow in nearly 40 years. In the study area, the glacier retreat rate on the southeastern aspect was significantly higher than on the northwestern aspect. Glacier retreat rate decreased with the increase of scale of glaciers. There were 27 typical glaciers that clearly progressed during 1978-2015, with areas and lengths significant increased. Among these, the velocity of change for the western side of the Wood stark glacier was 904 m/a during 1996-1998, the velocity of change for the eastern side of the K2 glacier was 446 m/a during 2007-2009, and the velocity of change for the 5Y654D497 glacier was 238 m/a during 1978-1990, respectively. These three glaciers seem to be the surge-type glacier. By analyzing the climate records and glacier variation in the study area, it was concluded that higher temperatures led to the glacier retreat of the study area, but increasing rainfall to some extent inhibited glacier retreat. Topographic condition and the scale of glacier were key factors for glacier changes as well.

Key words: glacier change, remote sensing, glacier surging, Shaksgam River Basin

Aiwen XU, Taibao YANG, Congqiang WANG, Qin JI. Variation of glaciers in the Shaksgam River Basin, Karakoram Mountains during 1978-2015[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(7): 878-888.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Tab.3

Changes in area and length of typical glaciers in the study area"

序号	冰川名称	经度/°	纬度/°	面积变化/km²				长度变化/km
序号	冰川名称	经度/°	纬度/°	1978-1991年		1991-2001年	2001-2015年	1978-1991年	1991-2001年	2001-2015年
1	5Y654D0068	36.068	76.355	-0.03	0.01	0.59		-0.33	0.21	1.60
2	木斯塔冰川	35.898	76.232	0.12	0.31	0.05		0.75	1.25	-0.32
3	木斯塔冰川	35.900	76.299	0.03	0.17	-0.13		0.22	1.11	-0.03
4	木斯塔冰川	35.907	76.255	-0.03	0.14	0.49		-0.56	0.61	1.37
5	木斯塔冰川	35.918	76.273	0.41	-0.33	0.22		1.28	-0.98	1.25
6	音苏盖提冰川	36.093	76.071	-0.07	0.12	-0.06		0.22	1.15	-0.06
7	音苏盖提冰川	36.036	76.205	0.04	0.07	0.53		0.29	0.68	0.83
8	木斯塔冰川	35.982	76.325	0.10	1.06	-1.14		0.37	2.90	-1.90
9	乔戈里冰川	35.983	76.499	-0.12	-0.31	1.37		-0.50	-0.39	2.25
10	5Y654D0023	36.009	76.391	0.03	0.01	0.15		0.23	0.22	1.33
11	乔戈里冰川	35.967	76.456	0.11	-0.09	0.21		0.58	0.38	1.11
12	5Y654D0064	36.089	76.225	0.00	0.06	0.21		-0.61	0.16	0.95
13	5Y654D0064	36.083	76.229	0.06	-0.05	0.15		0.91	-0.54	1.37
14	音苏盖提冰川	36.083	76.269	-0.04	0.09	0.21		-0.40	0.65	1.40
15	音苏盖提冰川	36.039	76.196	-0.48	-0.12	1.06		1.01	0.83	1.05
16	音苏盖提冰川	36.145	76.093	-0.07	0.28	-0.15		0.44	1.44	0.00
17	音苏盖提冰川	36.128	76.126	0.07	0.34	-0.14		0.39	1.04	-0.46
18	音苏盖提冰川	36.122	76.134	0.06	0.12	-0.06		0.23	1.22	-0.42
19	5Y654D0097	36.191	76.181	1.37	-0.33	-0.44		2.86	-0.03	-0.04
20	5Y654D0096	36.161	76.201	-0.12	-0.46	3.22		0.00	0.12	4.92
21	塔吐鲁沟冰川	36.322	76.388	0.08	0.02	0.41		0.39	0.14	1.79
22	塔吐鲁沟冰川	36.324	76.398	-0.10	-0.18	1.11		-0.08	0.16	1.71
23	蚯蚓冰川	36.068	76.768	0.01	0.05	0.24		-0.09	0.07	1.18
24	沙克斯干冰川	35.746	76.821	0.22	-0.09	0.46		0.55	-0.08	0.58
25	5Y654C0132	35.712	76.941	-0.40	0.47	0.05		-0.72	1.29	-0.02
26	特拉木坎力冰川	35.678	76.989	-0.02	0.10	-0.08		-0.47	0.91	0.19
27	5Y654D0077	36.129	76.313	-0.03	0.35	0.67		-0.18	0.52	0.84

Tab.3

Fig.4

Tab.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

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获取日期	轨道号	传感器	云量/%	分辨率/m	影像说明
1977-08-20	160/34	MSS	0	80	解译影像
1978-07-18	159/35	MSS	5	80	解译影像
1978-07-19	160/35	MSS	13	80	解译影像
1990-08-07	149/34	TM	0	30	解译影像
1991-07-02	148/35	TM	26	30	解译影像
1993-07-07	148/35	TM	1	30	参考影像
2001-07-21	148/35	ETM+	6	30	解译影像
2001-09-30	149/34	ETM+	1	30	解译影像
2002-08-09	148/35	ETM+	20	30	参考影像
2013-07-30	148/35	OLI	5	30	参考影像
2014-08-18	148/35	OLI	17	30	解译影像
2015-08-28	149/34	OLI	12	30	解译影像

年份	面积/ km2	绝对变化/km2	年均变化/(km2/a)	相对变化率/%	年均变化率/(%/a)
1978	1821.70
1991	1753.47	-68.23	-5.24	-3.75	-0.29
2001	1712.96	-40.51	-4.05	-2.31	-0.23
2015	1675.92	-37.04	-2.65	-2.16	-0.15

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Variation of glaciers in the Shaksgam River Basin, Karakoram Mountains during 1978-2015

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