区域二元碳收支的理论方法研究进展

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.05.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the background of global change and low-carbon development, regional natural-social system carbon budget became a hot multi-disciplinary research field in geographical, ecological, environmental, economic, and management sciences. Regional natural-social system carbon budget studies will not only offer important methods for evaluating the impact of human activities on the environment and provide theoretical basis for carbon cycle pressure assessment of the coupled natural-social system, but also has great significance for regional low-carbon development and collaborative emission reduction. Based on a regional system perspective, this article first defined regional natural-social system carbon budget, analyzed its characteristics, and presented a conceptual model of the system. Then the impacting mechanism of regional anthropogenic activities on the dualistic carbon budget of the natural-social system was discussed, and the relationship between regional natural-social system carbon budget studies at different spatial levels was analyzed. The research progress of regional natural-social system carbon budget at different spatial levels including the global, national, provincial, city, urban district and county, neighborhood, and typical industrial sector and human activity levels was summarized. Finally, the trends of regional natural-social system carbon budget research were put forward: integrated modeling and spatial differentiation of regional carbon budget, inter-regional carbon compensation, the relationship between regional carbon budget and resources and environment effects, and the comprehensive regulation and control of regional natural-social system carbon budget.

Key words: carbon absorption, carbon emission, carbon budget, region, research progress

Rongqin ZHAO, Ying LIU, Minglei DING, Zhanping ZHANG, Xianjin HUANG, Yaochen QIN. Theory, methods, and research progresses of regional carbon budget[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(5): 554-568.

Figures/Tables 6

Tab.1

Fig.1

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Tab.2

Methods for regional carbon budget study"

类别	方法	适用范围	特点	文献
碳排放研究方法	温室气体清单法	社会生产的各部门	计算简便、实用	IPCC, 2006
	实测法	企业排放、能源活动	精确、测量要求高	郝千婷等, 2011
	排放监测法	自然生态系统、土壤系统或水体	原位观测、精确,成本较高(如涡度相关法和箱法)	Baldocchi, 2003; Frank et al, 2002
	物料衡算法	工业生产过程	需有完备基础数据记录、结果可靠	秦耀辰, 2013
	生命周期分析法	产品生产、企业活动等微观层面	计算详尽、完整,关注生产链能源消耗的碳排放(包括直接和间接排放)	郝千婷等, 2011
碳吸收研究方法	样地清查法	陆地自然植被碳蓄积	核心是研究植被、枯落物或土壤等的碳储量,适用于小尺度的研究	方精云等, 2007
	产量估算法	农田生态系统碳蓄积	利用作物产量的统计数据和碳吸收率进行估算,方法简便,较为准确	方精云等, 2007
	模型模拟法	植被的碳蓄积和净生产力	微观和宏观相结合的研究	朱文泉等, 2007
	遥感估测方法	森林和草地的碳蓄积	大尺度但具有一定的误差	张璐等, 2015
碳流通研究方法	投入产出分析	国民经济不同部门的碳流通与转移	投入产出表的空间尺度局限于国家和省域尺度,无法应用到小尺度空间范围	Zhang M Y, Huang X J, 2012; 唐志鹏等, 2014
	隐含碳分析	区域、城乡或产业之间的隐含碳流通	主要用于区域贸易、产品生产、商品服务等的隐含碳排放研究,不适用直接碳排放研究	石敏俊等, 2012; Zhao R Q, Huang X J, Zhong T Y et al, 2014
	生态系统分室模型	区域(自然或社会)子系统之间的碳流通	将区域系统模块化,但容易忽略部分碳流的核算	戈峰, 2007
	系统动力学	经济社会系统内部的碳流通	常用于对能源经济系统碳排放的动态模拟仿真,系统复杂,不确定	揣小伟, 2013
	物质代谢分析	区域社会经济系统与外界的碳流通和交换	从物质流平衡的角度从固态物质层面分析区域的碳流通	黄贤金等, 2009
碳平衡分析方法	碳平衡指标方法	区域碳平衡状况的单一要素评价	计算简便、直观,易于区域之间的对比分析	叶笃正等, 1992; 赵荣钦, 2012
碳平衡分析方法	碳氧平衡分析法	区域整体碳平衡状况评价	从气体循环的角度开展,没有考虑系统内含碳固态物质的输入、输出、转化、废弃等环节	马巾英等, 2011

Tab.2

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Theory, methods, and research progresses of regional carbon budget

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人类活动方式		碳收入强度			碳支出强度
人类活动方式		自然过程		人为活动	自然过程	人为活动
产业活动	第一产业	强	弱		弱	中
	第二产业	无	无		无	强
	第三产业	无	无		无	中
土地利用	人类耕作活动	强	弱		弱	中
	土地开发、占用与建设	无	无		中		强
	土地修复和整治	强	中	弱		弱
	生态保护与植树造林	强	强	弱		无
生产过程	资源能源开采	无	无	中	强
	能源利用与消费	无	无	无		强
	废弃物排放	无	无	无		强

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