北京城市老年人居住环境及生活满意度分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.12.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking the 60 years or older population in Beijing as the main research object and based on data from the sixth census and a sampling survey, this study analyzes the spatial characteristics of the living environment and life satisfaction of elderly in Beijing using statistical and spatial analysis methods. The results show that: (1) the aged population of the urban space declined from the Beijing downtown area to the periphery, peaked around the third ring road. The aged population was high in the inner city and the western suburbs, mainly in the Dongcheng and Xicheng Districts, where the percentage of the aged population was generally greater than 10%. The percentage of aged population was relatively high in the Haidian, Fengtai, and Shijingshan Districts, with greater internal differentiation within these districts. (2) The elderly respondents lived mainly in two persons households, followed by four and five persons households and in the latter case the respondents were often younger. Those living alone and empty-nesters often aged over 70 years. Housing of the respondents was often purchased from the work units and this is the main factor affecting the elderly's choice of residence. (3) Overall life satisfaction of the respondents was relatively high. Among the income, health, living conditions, and happiness factors, happiness was slightly higher than the other three factors and satisfaction toward income was relatively low. (4) Dichotomous Logistic models were used to analyze form of living arrangements, relationship with neighbors, surrounding service facilities, and community environmental conditions and it was found that large shopping facilities, community sports activities, relationship with neighbors, and community identity positively impacted on life satisfaction of the elderly respondents, while empty-nest situation and poor medical facilities and property management resulted in a negative impact on the life satisfaction of the elderly respondents.

Key words: aging, satisfaction, living environment, sampling data, Beijing

Jingqiu ZHANG, Huan LIU, Yingxi QI, Xueyan LI. Living environment and life satisfaction of aged population in Beijing Municipality[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(12): 1628-1636.

Figures/Tables 14

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样本数量和比例		性别			年龄					受教育程度				婚姻状况				是否是北京户口
样本数量和比例		男		女		60~70		70~80		80~90	90~100	低	中	高	已婚	未婚	离异	是	不是
东城区	个数	17	18		25	5	5	0		24	8	3		35	0	0		21	14
东城区	占比/%	48.6	51.4		71.4	14.3	14.3	0.0		68.6	22.8	8.6		100.0	0.0	0.0		60.0	40.0
西城区	个数	37	28		46	5	14	0		47	9	9		65	0	0		37	28
西城区	占比/%	56.9	43.1		70.8		7.7	21.5		0.0	72.4			13.8	13.8	100.0			0.0	0.0	56.9	43.1
朝阳区	个数	30	26		0	36	20	0		38	10	8		56	0	0		16	40
朝阳区	占比/%	53.6	46.4		0.0		64.3	35.7		0.0	67.8			17.9	14.3	100.0			0.0	0.0	28.6	71.4
海淀区	个数	28	28		0	41	14	1		30	11	15		54	0	2		30	26
海淀区	占比/%	50.0	50.0		0.0		73.2	25.0		1.8	53.6			19.6	26.8	96.4			0.0	3.6	53.6	46.4
丰台区	个数	40	33		51	13	7	2		58	11	4		72	0	1		43	30
丰台区	占比/%	54.8	45.2	69.9		17.8	9.6	2.7	79.5		15.1	5.4	98.6		0.0	1.4	58.9		41.1
石景山区	个数	37	36	64	5	3	1	51	14	8	72	1	0	39	34
石景山区	占比/%	50.7	49.3	87.7		6.8	4.1	1.4	69.9		19.2	10.9	98.6		1.4	0.0	53.4		46.6
昌平区	个数	29	33	0	62	0	0	33	16	13	61	0	1	20	42
昌平区	占比/%	46.8	53.2	0.0		100.0	0.0	0.0	53.2		25.8	21.0	98.4		0.0	1.6	32.3		67.7
总计	个数	218	202	186	167	63	4	281	79	60	415	1	4	206	214
总计	占比/%	52.3	47.7	44.4		39.6	15.0	1.0	66.9		18.8	14.3	98.8		0.2	1.0	48.1		51.9

家庭月总收入/元	居住方式		合计
家庭月总收入/元	空巢		与子女合住
<3000 3000~4999 5000~9999 10000~150000 15000~20000 20000~30000 >30000	41(56.7%)	31(43.3%)	72(100%)
	77(60.6%)	50(38.4%)	127(100%)
	70(52.2%)	64(47.8%)	134(100%)
	9(19.1%)	38(80.9%)	47(100%)
	0(0.0%)	16(100%)	16(100%)
	4(36.4%)	7(63.6%)	11(100%)
	2(25%)	6(75%)	8(100%)
合计	204(48.6%)	216(51.4%)	420(100%)

身体健康状况	居住方式			合计
身体健康状况	独居		2口之家	与子女合住
非常好好一般不好	3(7.7%)	25(15.2%)	33(15.3%)	61(14.5%)
	18(46.2%)	91(55.2%)	106(49.1%)	215(51.2%)
	15(38.5%)	41(24.8%)	69(31.9%)	125(29.8%)
	3(7.7%)	8(4.8%)	8(3.7%)	19(4.5%)
合计	39(100.0%)	165(100.0%)	216(100.0%)	420(100%)

变量名	变量取值	百分比/%	样本量/个
居住方式	与子女合住(参照组)	51.4	216
	不与子女合住	48.6	204
邻里关系	“很好”或“好”	58.9	247
	未选择“很好”或“好”(参照组)	41.1	173
大型购物设施	“很方便”或“方便”	54.2	228
	未选择“很方便”或“方便”(参照组)	45.8	192
日常购物设施	“很方便”或“方便”	66.4	279
	未选择“很方便”或“方便”(参照组)	33.6	141
医疗设施	“很方便”或“方便”	55.1	231
	未选择“很方便”或“方便”(参照组)	44.9	189
老年活动设施	“很方便”或“方便”	41.1	173
	未选择“很方便”或“方便”(参照组)	58.9	247
社区认同感	“很强烈”或“强烈”	43.0	181
	未选择“很强烈”或“强烈”(参照组)	57.0	239
社区文体活动	“很满足”或“满足”	35.5	149
	未选择“很满足”或“满足”(参照组)	64.5	271
物业管理水平	“很高”或“高”	29.9	126
	未选择“很高”或“高”(参照组)	70.1	294

变量名	变量取值	参数估计	优势比
居住方式	不与子女合住(空巢)	-0.189	0.827
邻里状况	邻里关系	0.963	2.619
周边配套服务设施	大型购物设施	0.760	2.139
	日常购物设施	0.159	1.172
	医疗设施	-0.181	0.834
	老年活动设施	0.694	2.003
社区环境状况	社区认同感	0.873	2.394
	社区文体活动	0.536	1.710
	物业管理水平	-0.229	0.795
C统计量		0.710
似然比卡方P值		0.002
HL统计量P值		0.613

Living environment and life satisfaction of aged population in Beijing Municipality

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