PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2014, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 979-989.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.07.013
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xing CHEN1,2(), Jie ZHANG1,2, Shaojing LU1,2, Honglei ZHANG1,2(
), Bingjin YAN1,2, Sifeng NIAN1,2
Online:
2014-07-25
Published:
2014-07-25
CLC Number:
Xing CHEN, Jie ZHANG, Shaojing LU, Honglei ZHANG, Bingjin YAN, Sifeng NIAN. Visitor motivations in natural disaster site dark tourism destination: the case of the Beichuan Earthquake Museum[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(7): 979-989.
Tab.1
Measurement of motivations"
结构 | 来源 | 项目 | 异同点 |
---|---|---|---|
其他类型黑色旅游地参观者具有的动机类型 | 申健健等, 2009; Seaton, 1999, 2006; Ryan et al, 2006; Stone, 2006; Best, 2007 | 为了悼念遇难者、想接受道德教育/爱国主义教育、对目的地好奇、想切身感受灾难与死亡、朋友亲戚家人建议来的、跟朋友家人朋友来旅游顺便看看、想切身体会当地人民的遭遇、想要一种日常生活很难实现的体验 | 相同点: 不同类型的黑色地参观者动机都包括了对遇难者的悼念、面对灾害与死亡和陪同亲友等动机 不同点: 自然灾害遗址型黑色旅游地参观者动机强调了感受自然破坏力、接受教育和对灾害的了解 |
自然灾害遗址型黑色旅游地参观者特有的动机类型 | 王荷, 2010; 王金伟等, 2010; 李敏等, 2011, 2012; 何景明, 2012; Strange et al, 2005; Yang et al, 2011; Song et al, 2012 | 对自然灾难造成影响的好奇、为了告诉下一代汶川地震的危害、自己或亲戚朋友经历了汶川地震、想亲眼看到地震遗迹、想接受自然科学/防震抗震知识教育 | |
专家小组会议讨论结果整理 | 自己有类似自然灾害的经历 | ||
网络资料 | 想见证地震/自然灾害的力量、有义务和责任了解汶川地震造成的影响 | ||
事件关注度 | 朱俭等, 2008; 王荷, 2010; 高军等, 2011; 白凯等, 2012; 李敏等, 2012; Rojek, 1997; Kang et al, 2012 | 参观者对汶川地震灾后事件本身的关注程度(能够体现参观者对事件背景、影响和事件相关地区的了解程度) | 事件关注度强调了“汶川地震”这一重大的灾害事件的影响力,而认知欲望则侧重参观者目的地认知的心理需求对动机的影响 |
认知欲望 | 张宏梅等, 2005; 李敏等, 2011, 2012; 王荷, 2010; Podoshen, 2013 | 对汶川地震北川遗址公园认知的渴望程度 |
Tab.2
Descriptive statistics of the samples(N=294)"
基本情况 | 类别 | 比例/% | 基本情况 | 类别 | 比例/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 54.1 | 受教育水平 | 小学及以下 | 2.7 |
女 | 45.9 | 初中 | 14.3 | ||
年龄 | 18岁以下 | 10.2 | 高中或中专 | 27.6 | |
18~24岁 | 19.5 | 专科/本科 | 46.3 | ||
25~39岁 | 48.5 | 硕士及以上 | 7.5 | ||
40~60岁 | 21.5 | 缺失 | 1.7 | ||
60岁以上 | 0.3 | 职业 | 公务员 | 7.8 | |
平均月收入 | ≤1500元 | 33.3 | 企事业管理 | 12.2 | |
1501~3500元 | 30.3 | 专业/文教技术 | 13.6 | ||
3501~5000元 | 23.1 | 服务销售商贸 | 8.8 | ||
5001~8000元 | 6.8 | 工人 | 8.5 | ||
8001~12500元 | 1.7 | 农民 | 6.1 | ||
>12500元 | 2.4 | 军人 | 1.4 | ||
缺失 | 2.4 | 学生 | 19.7 | ||
来源地 | 四川省 | 66.0 | 离退休 | 1.7 | |
非四川省 | 34.0 | 其他职业 | 20.1 |
Tab.3
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of visitor motivations in natural disaster site dark tourism destination"
参观者动机分类(A) | 均值 | EFA结果 | CFA结果 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全体参观者 | 四川参观者 | |||||
因子载荷 | 因子载荷系数 (修正前) | (B) (C) 因子载荷系数 (修正后) | 因子载荷系数 (修正前) | (B) (C) 因子载荷系数 (修正后) | ||
一、教育与纪念(18.53) | (0.7812) (0.4745) | (0.7743) (0.4647) | ||||
Y1 想接受道德教育/爱国主义教育 | 4.02 | 0.846 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.80 |
Y2 为了告诉下一代汶川地震的危害 | 4.19 | 0.716 | 0.69 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 0.68 |
Y3 想切身体会当地人民的遭遇 | 4.16 | 0.633 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.54* | * |
Y4 为了悼念遇难者 | 4.08 | 0.613 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
Y5 有义务和责任了解汶川地震造成的影响 | 4.15 | 0.605 | 0.58* | * | 0.64 | 0.62 |
Y6 想接受自然科学/防震抗震知识教育 | 3.93 | 0.569 | 0.56* | * | 0.55* | * |
二、社交与亲情(31.00) | (0.7260) (0.4712) | (0.7295) (0.4754) | ||||
Y7 跟朋友家人朋友来旅游顺便看看 | 3.48 | 0.752 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.67 |
Y8 带亲人家人朋友来的 | 3.75 | 0.742 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.77 |
Y9 朋友亲戚家人建议来的 | 3.34 | 0.726 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.62 |
三、感受与见证(42.77) | (0.6963) (0.4356) | (0.6916) (0.5313) | ||||
Y10 想见证地震/自然灾害的力量 | 3.93 | 0.808 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.80 |
Y11 想切身感受灾难与死亡 | 3.49 | 0.728 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.64 | 0.65 |
Y12 想亲眼看到地震遗迹 | 4.18 | 0.710 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.57* | * |
四、认同与求新(53.41) | (0.6900) (0.5277) | (0.6563) (0.3896) | ||||
Y13 自己有类似自然灾害的经历 | 3.02 | 0.814 | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
Y14 自己或亲戚朋友经历了汶川地震 | 3.14 | 0.752 | 0.71 | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.67 |
Y15 想要一种日常生活很难实现的体验 | 3.70 | 0.527 | 0.53* | * | 0.60 | 0.60 |
五、好奇心(62.87) | (0.7246) (0.5725) | (0.6217) (0.4538) | ||||
Y16 对自然灾难造成影响的好奇 | 3.66 | 0.850 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
Y17 对北川地震遗址公园好奇 | 3.31 | 0.792 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
Tab.4
Test result of goodness-of-fit index for SEM"
拟合指数 | 绝对拟合指数 | 相对拟合指数 | 简约拟合指数 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMIN/DF | RMSEA | GFI | AGFI | NFI | IFI | TLI | CFI | PRATIO | PNFI | PCFI | PGFI | |||
理想值 | 2.0~5.0 | ≤0.08 | ≥0.90 | ≥0.90 | ≥0.90 | >0.90 | >0.90 | >0.90 | >0.50 | >0.50 | >0.50 | >0.50 | ||
全体参观者(原) | 3.182 | 0.086 | 0.885 | 0.836 | 0.780 | 0.838 | 0.792 | 0.835 | 0.792 | 0.618 | 0.661 | 0.619 | ||
四川参观者(原) | 2.696 | 0.092 | 0.866 | 0.798 | 0.767 | 0.839 | 0.779 | 0.834 | 0.750 | 0.575 | 0.626 | 0.573 | ||
全体参观者(修) | 2.646 | 0.075 | 0.907 | 0.860 | 0.827 | 0.885 | 0.843 | 0.882 | 0.750 | 0.620 | 0.662 | 0.600 | ||
四川参观者(修) | 2.188 | 0.077 | 0.897 | 0.840 | 0.815 | 0.890 | 0.845 | 0.886 | 0.733 | 0.597 | 0.650 | 0.580 |
Tab.5
Hypotheses testing results"
研究假设 | 全体参观者 | 四川参观者 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
路径系数 | S.E. | C.R. | P | 结果 | 路径系数 | S.E. | C.R. | P | 结果 | ||
Ha:事件关注度对黑色旅游动机存在正向影响 | 部分成立 | 部分成立 | |||||||||
Ha1:事件关注度对教育与纪念动机存在正向影响 | 0.36 | 0.058 | 5.797 | *** | 成立 | 0.42 | 0.068 | 5.739 | *** | 成立 | |
Ha2:事件关注度对社交与亲情动机存在正向影响 | 0.32 | 0.063 | 4.310 | *** | 成立 | 0.27 | 0.078 | 3.161 | ** | 成立 | |
Ha3:事件关注度对感受与见证动机存在正向影响 | 0.17 | 0.065 | 2.537 | * | 成立 | 0.08 | 0.081 | 0.910 | 0.363 | 不成立 | |
Ha4:事件关注度对认同与求新动机存在正向影响 | 0.19 | 0.086 | 2.301 | * | 成立 | 0.48 | 0.073 | 3.585 | *** | 成立 | |
Ha5:事件关注度对好奇心动机存在正向影响 | 0.11 | 0.074 | 1.604 | 0.109 | 不成立 | 0.13 | 0.061 | 1.579 | 0.114 | 不成立 | |
Hb:事件认知欲望对黑色旅游动机存在正向影响 | 部分成立 | 部分成立 | |||||||||
Hb1:认知欲望对教育与纪念动机存在正向影响 | 0.34 | 0.053 | 5.478 | *** | 成立 | 0.30 | 0.068 | 4.221 | *** | 成立 | |
Hb2:认知欲望对社交与亲情动机存在正向影响 | 0.15 | 0.055 | 2.141 | * | 成立 | 0.14 | 0.079 | 1.725 | 0.084 | 不成立 | |
Hb3:认知欲望对感受与见证动机存在正向影响 | 0.40 | 0.061 | 5.776 | *** | 成立 | 0.31 | 0.087 | 3.488 | *** | 成立 | |
Hb4:认知欲望对认同与求新动机存在正向影响 | 0.02 | 0.079 | 0.290 | 0.772 | 不成立 | 0.05 | 0.049 | 0.519 | 0.604 | 不成立 | |
Hb5:认知欲望对好奇心动机存在正向影响 | 0.29 | 0.067 | 4.132 | *** | 成立 | 0.20 | 0.074 | 1.979 | * | 成立 | |
Hc:事件关注度和认知欲望存在相互影响 | 0.35 | *** | 成立 | 0.32 | *** | 成立 |
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