多样性的区域影响效应研究进展和展望

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.11.012

Abstract

Abstract:

The relative importance of regional specialization and diversity has been under constant debate in the field of economic geography. At present, China has entered a period of transformation and upgrading, changing its economic growth momentum. It is necessary to understand and evaluate the spatial effect of industrial diversity in order to choose a reasonable path for regional development. In view of the internal relationship between industries, evolutionary economic geographers divided diversity into related variety and unrelated variety according to the degree of correlation between industries, which provide a new analytical framework for explaining the internal mechanism of regional economic effect of variety. This article summarized the concepts and measurement methods of variety, and discussed the relationship between different types of variety and regional economic development and its internal mechanism. Through a literature review, it is found that related variety and unrelated variety play an important role in improving regional productivity, resisting external shocks and maintaining stability, and promoting employment, innovation, and other aspects through knowledge spillover and portfolio effect, but the process is relatively complex. Considering industrial characteristics, regional scope, location, development stage, and other factors, there is a nonlinear relationship between variety level and regional growth. It is proposed that the focus of future research should begin from the following aspects: 1) Expand the meaning of relatedness to define variety in a broader sense and further consider the role of the relatedness of other factors, such as market and institutional variety, in the spatial effects of regional variety, while not only limiting it to similarities but also taking into account complementarities. 2) Further examine how firms and actors at the micro level discriminate and absorb knowledge from related and unrelated industries, and how multiple forms of proximity affect the knowledge restructuring process in related and unrelated domains. 3) Fully consider the characteristics of regional heterogeneity and the scope and conditions of regional variety at different temporal and spatial scales to provide theoretical support for the effective implementation of policies in different administrative divisions. 4) Existing studies are mostly based on the experience of Western countries, lacking an overall assessment of related and unrelated diversities in China and its pattern of change over a long period of time. It is necessary to take full account of the institutional contexts of different countries in order to further deepen and complement the theoretical framework and research results of evolutionary economic geography.

Key words: agglomeration effect, related variety, unrelated variety, regional economic development, knowledge spillover

SU Can, ZENG Gang, WANG Qiuyu. Progress and prospect of research on regional effect of variety[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(11): 1923-1933.

Figures/Tables 1

References 74

[1]	Jacobs J. The economy of cities[M]. New York, USA: Vintage Press, 1969.
[2]	颜银根, 安虎森. 演化经济地理: 经济学与地理学之间的第二座桥梁[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013,32(5):788-796.
	[ Yan Yingen, An Husen. Evolutionary economic geography: The second bridge between economics and geography. Progress in Geography, 2013,32(5):788-796. ]
[3]	Rodgers A. Some aspects of industrial diversification in the United States[J]. Economic Geography, 1957,33(1):16-30.
[4]	Attaran M. Industrial diversity and economic performance in US areas[J]. The Annals of Regional Science, 1986,20(2):44-54.
[5]	Frenken K, Van Oort F, Verburg T. Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth[J]. Regional Studies, 2007,41(5):685-697.
[6]	Nooteboom B. Learning and innovation in organizations and economies[M]. Oxford, UK: OUP Oxford, 2000.
[7]	Boschma R, Iammarino S. Related variety, trade linkages, and regional growth in Italy[J]. Economic Geography, 2009,85(3):289-311.
[8]	Breschi S, Lissoni F, Malerba F. Knowledge-relatedness in firm technological diversification[J]. Research Policy, 2003,32(1):69-87.
[9]	Rigby D. Technological relatedness and knowledge space: Entry and exit of US cities from patent data[J]. Regional Studies, 2015,49(11):1922-1937.
[10]	Hidalgo C A, Klinger B, Barabási A L, et al. The product space conditions the development of nations[J]. Science, 2007,317:482-487. pmid: 17656717
[11]	Neffke F, Henning M. Skill relatedness and firm diversification[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2013,34(3):297-316.
[12]	Essletzbichler J. Relatedness, industrial branching and technological cohesion in US metropolitan areas[J]. Regional Studies, 2015,49(5):752-766.
[13]	Aarstad J, Kvitastein O A, Jakobsen S E. Related and unrelated variety as regional drivers of enterprise productivity and innovation: A multilevel study[J]. Research Policy, 2016,45(4):844-856.
[14]	郭琪, 贺灿飞. 演化经济地理视角下的技术关联研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018,37(2):229-238.
	[ Guo Qi, He Canfei. Progress of research on technological relatedness in the perspective of evolutionary economic geography. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(2):229-238. ]
[15]	Neffke F, Hartog M, Boschma R, et al. Agents of structural change: The role of firms and entrepreneurs in regional diversification[J]. Economic Geography, 2018,94(1):23-48.
[16]	Muneepeerakul R, Lobo J, Shutters S T, et al. Urban economies and occupation space: Can they get "there" from "here"?[J]. PLoS One, 2013,8(9):1-8.
[17]	Jaffe A B, Henderson T R. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1993,108(3):577-598.
[18]	Cohen W M, Levinthal D A. Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1990,35(1):128-152.
[19]	Boschma R, Eriksson R, Lindgren U. How does labour mobility affect the performance of plants? The importance of relatedness and geographical proximity[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2008,9(2):169-190.
[20]	Bishop P, Gripaios P. Spatial externalities, relatedness and sector employment growth in Great Britain[J]. Regional Studies, 2010,44(4):443-454.
[21]	Miguelez E, Moreno R. Relatedness, external linkages and regional innovation in Europe[J]. Regional Studies, 2018,52(5):688-701.
[22]	Martin R, Sunley P. On the notion of regional economic resilience: Conceptualization and explanation[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2015,15(1):1-42.
[23]	Davies A, Tonts M. Economic diversity and regional socioeconomic performance: An empirical analysis of the Western Australian grain belt[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,48(3):223-234.
[24]	Boschma R. Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience[J]. Regional Studies, 2015,49(5):733-751. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2014.959481
[25]	薄文广. 外部性与产业增长: 来自中国省级面板数据的研究[J]. 中国工业经济, 2007(1):37-44.
	[ Bo Wenguang. Externalities and industrial economic growth: Evidences from Chinese provincial panel data. China Industrial Economics, 2007(1):37-44. ]
[26]	Boschma R, Frenken K. The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2011,11(2):295-307.
[27]	Hartog M, Boschma R, Sotarauta M. The impact of related variety on regional employment growth in Finland 1993-2006: High-tech versus medium/low-tech[J]. Industry and Innovation, 2012,19(6):459-476.
[28]	Mameli F, Faggian A, McCann P. Employment growth in Italian local labour systems: Issues of model specification and sectoral aggregation[J]. Spatial Economic Analysis, 2008,3(3):343-360.
[29]	Santamaría L, Nieto M J, Barge-Gil A. Beyond formal R&D: Taking advantage of other sources of innovation in low-and medium-technology industries[J]. Research Policy, 2009,38(3):507-517.
[30]	Pavitt K. Sectoral patterns of technical change: Towards a taxonomy and a theory[J]. Research Policy, 1984,13(6):343-373.
[31]	李福柱, 厉梦泉. 相关多样性、非相关多样性与地区工业劳动生产率增长: 兼对演化经济地理学理论观点的拓展研究[J]. 山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2013 (4):10-20.
	[ Li Fuzhu, Li Mengquan. Related variety, unrelated variety and the growth of regional industrial labor productivity: An extensive study of the theory of evolutionary economic geography. Journal of Shandong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2013(4):10-20. ]
[32]	王俊松. 集聚经济、相关性多样化与城市经济增长: 基于279个地级及以上城市面板数据的实证分析[J]. 财经研究, 2016,42(5):135-144.
	[ Wang Junsong. Agglomeration economy, correlation variety and urban economic growth: Empirical analysis based. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2016,42(5):135-144. ]
[33]	陶锋, 杨雨清, 褚简. 集聚外部性如何影响企业生产率?[J]. 南方经济, 2018(6):87-101.
	[ Tao Feng, Yang Yuqing, Zhu Jian. How agglomeration externalities impact on firms' productivity. South China Journal of Economics, 2018(6):87-101. ]
[34]	Van Oort F, de Geus S, Dogaru T. Related variety and regional economic growth in a cross-section of European urban regions[J]. European Planning Studies, 2015,23(6):1110-1127.
[35]	Saviotti P P, Frenken K. Export variety and the economic performance of countries[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2008,18(2):201-218.
[36]	Content J, Frenken K, Jordaan J A. Does related variety foster regional entrepreneurship? Evidence from European regions[J]. Regional Studies, 2019,53(11):1-13.
[37]	Shane S, Venkataraman S. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2000,25(1):217-226.
[38]	Renski H. External economies of localization, urbanization and industrial diversity and new firm survival[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 2011,90(3):473-502.
[39]	Wennberg K, Lindqvist G. The effect of clusters on the survival and performance of new firms[J]. Small Business Economics, 2010,34(3):221-241.
[40]	Howell A, He C, Yang R, et al. Agglomeration, (un)related variety and new firm survival in China: Do local subsidies matter?[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 2018,97(3):485-500.
[41]	丁建军, 冷志明, 于正东, 等. 经济多样性的减贫效应: 基于美国阿巴拉契亚地区的经验[J]. 中国工业经济, 2016(6):39-56.
	[ Ding Jianjun, Leng Zhimeng, Yu Zhengdong, et al. Poverty alleviation effects of economic diversity: Evidence from Appalachian region of the U.S. China Industrial Economics, 2016(6):39-56. ]
[42]	单德朋, 王英, 郑长德. 专业化、多样化与产业结构减贫效应的动态异质表现研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2017,27(7):157-168.
	[ Shan Depeng, Wang Ying, Zheng Changde. Specialization, related variety and dynamic heterogeneous poverty reduction effect of industry structure. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2017,27(7):157-168. ]
[43]	陈梦远. 国际区域经济韧性研究进展: 基于演化论的理论分析框架介绍[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017,36(11):1435-1444.
	[ Chen Mengyuan. An international literature review of regional economic resilience: Theories and practices based on the evolutionary perspective. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(11):1435-1444. ]
[44]	孙久文, 孙翔宇. 区域经济韧性研究进展和在中国应用的探索[J]. 经济地理, 2017,37(10):1-9.
	[ Sun Jiuwen, Sun Xiangyu. Research progress of regional economic resilience and exploration of its application in China. Economic Geography, 2017,37(10):1-9. ]
[45]	Pike A, Dawley S, Tomaney J. Resilience, adaptation and adaptability[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2010,3(1):59-70.
[46]	Brown L, Greenbaum R T. The role of industrial diversity in economic resilience: An empirical examination across 35 year[J]. Urban Studies, 2017,54(6):1347-1366. doi: 10.1177/0042098015624870
[47]	Di Caro P. Recessions, recoveries and regional resilience: Evidence on Italy[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2014,8(2):273-291.
[48]	Cortinovis N, Van Oort F. Variety, economic growth and knowledge intensity of European regions: A spatial panel analysis[J]. The Annals of Regional Science, 2015,55(1):7-32.
[49]	杜志威, 金利霞, 刘秋华. 产业多样化、创新与经济韧性: 基于后危机时期珠三角的实证[J]. 热带地理, 2019,39(2):170-179.
	[ Du Zhiwei, Jin Lixia, Liu Qiuhua. Industrial diversity, innovation and economic resilience: Empirical analysis on the Pearl River Delta in the post-crisis. Tropical Geography, 2019,39(2):170-179. ]
[50]	Balland P A, Rigby D, Boschma R. The technological resilience of US cities[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2015,8(2):167-184.
[51]	Diodato D, Weterings A B R. The resilience of regional labour markets to economic shocks: Exploring the role of interactions among firms and workers[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2014,15(4):723-742.
[52]	Cainelli G, Ganau R, Modica M. Industrial relatedness and regional resilience in the European Union[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 2019,98(2):755-778. doi: 10.1111/pirs.v98.2
[53]	Xiao J, Boschma R, Andersson M. Industrial diversification in Europe: The differentiated role of relatedness[J]. Economic Geography, 2018,94(5):514-549.
[54]	Schumpeter J A. The theory of economic development[M]. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1934.
[55]	Herstad S J. Beyond 'related variety': How inflows of skills shape innovativeness in different industries[J]. European Planning Studies, 2018,26(2):396-420.
[56]	Boschma R, Heimeriks G, Balland P. Scientific knowledge dynamics and relatedness in biotech cities[J]. Research Policy, 2014,43(1):107-114.
[57]	Boschma R, Capone G. Institutions and diversification: Related versus unrelated diversification in a varieties of capitalism framework[J]. Research Policy, 2015,44(10):1902-1914.
[58]	Castaldi C, Frenken K, Los B. Related variety, unrelated variety and technological breakthroughs: An analysis of US state-level patenting[J]. Regional Studies, 2015,49(5):767-781.
[59]	Klement B, Strambach S. Innovation in creative industries: Does (related) variety matter for the creativity of urban music scenes?[J]. Economic Geography, 2019,95(4):385-417.
[60]	金璐璐, 贺灿飞, 周沂, 等. 中国区域产业结构演化的路径突破[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017,36(8):974-985.
	[ Jin Lulu, He Canfei, Zhou Yi, et al. Path creation in China's industrial evolution. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(8):974-985. ]
[61]	Neffke F, Henning M, Boschma R. How do regions diversify over time? Industry relatedness and the development of new growth paths in regions[J]. Economic Geography, 2011,87(3):237-265.
[62]	刘志高, 张薇. 演化经济地理学视角下的产业结构演替与分叉研究评述[J]. 经济地理, 2016,36(12):218-223, 232.
	[ Liu Zhigao, Zhang Wei. Review on study of industrial structure evolution and branching from the perspective of evolutionary economic geography. Economic Geography, 2016,36(12):218-223, 232. ]
[63]	Boschma R, Minondo A, Navarro M. The emergence of new industries at the regional level in Spain: A proximity approach based on product relatedness[J]. Economic Geography, 2013,89(1):29-51.
[64]	贺灿飞. 区域产业发展演化: 路径依赖还是路径创造?[J]. 地理研究, 2018,37(7):1253-1267.
	[ He Canfei. Regional industrial development and evolution: Path dependence or path creation?. Geographical Research, 2018,37(7):1253-1267. ]
[65]	Manniche J, Moodysson J, Testa S. Combinatorial knowledge bases: An integrative and dynamic approach to innovation studies[J]. Economic Geography, 2017,93(5):480-499.
[66]	Grillitsch M, Asheim B, Trippl M. Unrelated knowledge combinations: The unexplored potential for regional industrial path development[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2018,11(2):257-274.
[67]	Zhu S, Jin W, He C. On evolutionary economic geography: A literature review using bibliometric analysis[J]. European Planning Studies, 2019,27(4):639-660. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2019.1568395
[68]	Carvalho L, Vale M. Biotech by bricolage? Agency, institutional relatedness and new path development in peripheral regions[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2018,11(2):275-295. doi: 10.1093/cjres/rsy009
[69]	Tanner A N. Regional branching reconsidered: Emergence of the fuel cell industry in European regions[J]. Economic Geography, 2014,90(4):403-427. doi: 10.1111/ecge.12055
[70]	Boschma R. Relatedness as driver of regional diversification: A research agenda[J]. Regional Studies, 2017,51(3):351-364. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2016.1254767
[71]	Broekel T, Brachert M. The structure and evolution of inter-sectoral technological complementarity in R&D in Germany from 1990 to 2011[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2015,25(4):755-785. doi: 10.1007/s00191-015-0415-7
[72]	Fritsch M, Kublina S. Related variety, unrelated variety and regional growth: The role of absorptive capacity and entrepreneurship[J]. Regional Studies, 2018,52(10):1360-1371. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2017.1388914
[73]	Potter A, Watts H D. Evolutionary agglomeration theory: Increasing returns, diminishing returns, and the industry life cycle[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2010,11(3):417-455. doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbq004
[74]	王艳华, 苗长虹, 胡志强, 等. 专业化、多样性与中国省域工业污染排放的关系[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019,34(3):586-599.
	[ Wang Yanhua, Miao Changhong, Hu Zhiqiang, et al. Specialization, diversity and their impacts on China's provincial industrial pollution emissions. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019,34(3):586-599. ]

指标	计算依据	优势	不足	代表文献
基于标准行业分类(SIC)行业分类相关的多样性	依据SIC体系,如果2个细分产业同属同一上一级产业,则这2个细分产业相关,否则不相关	数据易于获取,计算时间长	所依据的分类体系无法衡量技术相关性及溢出	Frenken 等^[5]; Boschma 等^[7]
基于产品相关的多样性	使用国家出口组合中共同出现的产品来测量,如果2种产品都较多地在同一个国家生产,那么认为是相关的	国家层面出口数据易于获取	无法明确国家内产业共存的相关性的确切来源	Hidalgo 等^[10]
基于技术相关的多样性	依据专利所属的技术类别与技术子类别进行测度	专利数据易于获取,涵盖信息量大,时间上具有持续性	限于技术密集型产业,对其他产业间相关性测量有效性较弱	Breschi等^[8]; Rigby^[9]
基于技能相关的多样性	在不同行业更换工作的人员拥有相似的能力,在人力资本更易互换的行业(即与技能相关的行业之间),跨行业的劳动力流动较强	行业适用范围广	数据较难获取,时间往往较短	Neffke 等^[11]; Neffke等^[15]; Muneepeerakul等^[16]

Progress and prospect of research on regional effect of variety

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 1

References 74

Related Articles 9

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	Bo LI, Chuang TIAN, Zhaoyuan SHI, Zenglin HAN. Spatial characteristics and influencing factors of marine economic growth quality in Liaoning coastal areas [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(7): 1080-1092.
[2]	Yuanyuan XU, Chen WANG. Influencing factors of regional economic resilience in the 2008 financial crisis：A case study of Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(8): 986-994.
[3]	KONG Cuicui,LIU Jing,ZHU Qing,JI Xuze,WEI Xinyu,SONG Wenjie,ZHOU Yongru. Progress of social capital research in geography [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(8): 1039-1048.
[4]	ZHANG Hua, LIANG Jinshe. Progr ess in Industr ial Agglomer ation Resear ch [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2007, 26(2): 14-24.
[5]	LI Xiao jian, QIAO Jia jun . An Assessment of Household Living Quality and Its Relationship with Regional Economic Development [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2002, 21(5): 484-490.
[6]	HU Liang min, MIAO Chang hong, QIAO Jia jun . A Study on the Divergence and Temperal-spatial Structure of Regional Economic Development in Henan Province [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2002, 21(3): 268-274.
[7]	ZHANG Xiao ping . The changing networks of large state owned enterprise and the impact on regional economic development the case of first tractor company limited [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 1999, 18(2): 176-185.
[8]	Zhang Wenzhong . LOCATIONAL POLICY AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 1998, 17(1): 29-35.
[9]	Fu Xiaofeng, Zhang Yaocun, Peng Naizhi. AN ANALYSIS ON CHANGES OF THE LAND USE STRUCTURE IN THE SOUTH OF JIANGSU [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 1997, 16(4): 11-18.