城市内部居住迁移对个体健康的影响——以广州市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.06.007

Abstract

Abstract:

As one of the most important activities in urban life, the impact of housing relocation on residents' physical and mental health has become a rising concern by sociologists and psychologists. However, although housing relocation involves many geographic factors such as dwelling environment and direction and distance of relocation, little research has been undertaken by geographers. Taking Guangzhou City as an example, and based on data from a questionnaire survey conducted in 2016, this study applied binary logistic regression analysis to evaluate the impact of spatial and temporal factors on residents' self-rated physical and mental health from a geographic perspective. The result shows that housing relocation impacts residents' self-rated physical and mental health negatively both on the long term and the short term. On the long term, frequent relocations before 18 years old impacts residents' physical and mental health negatively. On the short term, housing relocation impacts residents' mental health negatively. In the most recent move, active relocation has positive impact on physical health, while moving away from the city center affects mental health positively but long distance moving affects mental health negatively. The conclusions are of significance to studies on residents' housing relocation choice and community development.

Key words: housing relocation, self-rated physical health, self-rated mental health, binary logistic regression, Guangzhou City

Yang LIU, Suhong ZHOU, Jiting ZHANG. The impact of intra-urban residential mobility on residents' health: A case study in Guangzhou City[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(6): 801-810.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab.1

Fig.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

The model of relocation effects on individuals' health"

模型1（累积效应模型）						模型2（短期效应模型）						模型3（居住特征模型）
	变量		生理健康	心理健康			变量		生理健康	心理健康			变量		生理健康	心理健康
	变量		系数(B)	系数(B)	系数(B)		变量		系数(B)	系数(B)			变量		系数(B)
居住迁移频率	近5年内迁居次数		-0.664^***	-0.700^***		入住时间	1年以内 #>5年		-1.250^***	-1.074^***		迁移特征	迁居意愿 #主动		-0.896^*	0.045
	18岁-5年前迁居次数		-0.037	-0.095			2~3年 #>5年		-0.216	-0.571^**			迁居距离		0.003	-0.039^*
	18岁前迁居次数		-0.364^*	-0.08			4~5年 #>5年		0.171	-0.015			迁居方向 #外—外	内—内	-0.488	0.874^*
个人生活习惯	抽烟 #是		-0.022	0.394		个人生活习惯	抽烟 #是		-0.037	0.387				内—外	-0.418	0.830^*
	饮酒 #是		-0.236	-0.067			饮酒 #是		-0.253	-0.087				外—内	-0.056	-0.518
	经常锻炼 #是		-0.636^***	-0.216			经常锻炼 #是		-0.624^***	-0.195		个人生活习惯	抽烟 #是		-0.25	0.214
个人社会经济属性	性别 #女		-0.263	0.025		个人社会经济属性	性别 #女		-0.291	0.003			饮酒 #是		-0.25	-0.078
个人社会经济属性	年龄		-0.084^***	-0.008		年龄		-0.086^***	-0.009	经常锻炼 #是			-0.709^***		-0.242
	婚姻状况#未婚	已婚	0.267	-0.583^**			婚姻状况#未婚	已婚	0.192	-0.666^***		个人社会经济属性	性别 #女		-0.161	0.028
		离异或丧偶	-1.452	0.752				离异或丧偶	-1.39	0.619			年龄		-0.086^***	-0.012
	家庭年收入#4万以上	1万以下	-1.429	-2.465^*			家庭年收入#4万以上	1万以下	-1.465	-2.390^*			婚姻状况#未婚	已婚	0.469	-0.491^*
		1~2万	-1.19	-2.142^*				1~2万	-1.235	-2.098^*				离异或丧偶	-20.223	-0.487
		2~4万	-1.259	-2.050^*				2~4万	-1.298	-1.998^*			家庭年收入#4万以上	1万以下	-0.886	-2.696^*
邻里及社会支持	社区内亲人数量		-0.06	0.004		邻里及社会支持	社区内亲人数量		-0.038	0.014				1~2万	-1.016	-2.253^*
	邻里关系		-0.009	0.240^***			邻里关系		-0.013	0.239^***				2~4万	-1.084	-2.013
	社区内熟人数量		-	0.082			社区内熟人数量		-	0.086		邻里及社会支持	社区内亲人数量		-0.01	0.062
	医疗设施密度		0.071^**	-		医疗设施密度		0.077^***	-	邻里关系			-0.042		0.235***
	Cox & Snell R²		0.184	0.175			Cox & Snell R²		0.181	0.175			社区内熟人数量		-	0.182
	预测准确率		76.30%	70.10%	预测准确率		75.20%	70.20%	医疗设施密度				0.110^***		-
												Cox & Snell R²		0.194	0.219
											预测准确率		76.80%	73.00%

Tab.6

Tab.7

Fig.2

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		街区类型	基本状况
老城区	六榕街道	历史街区	以1970年以前建设的房改房和自建房为主
	龙津街道	历史街区	解放前的租屋
	建设街道	单位社区	1960年代在中心区建设的首批工人新村
过渡区	员村街道	单位社区	1980-1990年代建设的福利房改房
	天河南街道	商品房小区	1990年代末建成的商品房小区
	瑞宝街道	商品房小区	1990年以后建设的商品房及少量拆迁安置房
	新港街道	单位社区	传统意义上的单位大院
	石牌街道	非正规住房	1990年代自建的非正规住房(城中村)
	棠下街道	保障性住房	1990年代后建设的保障性住房小区
外围区	同德街道	保障性住房	1990年代后建设的保障性住房
外围区	华南新城	商品房小区	2000年以后建设的郊区商品房

迁移相关因素		指标	指标说明
迁移时间特征	累积效应验证	居住迁移频率	被调查者定居广州以来的居住迁移频率作为解释变量,反映了居住迁移对健康带来的累积作用
	短期效应验证	居住迁移时长	因居住迁移时长而带来的健康状况差异衡量居住迁移是否具有一定的短期效应
居住迁移空间特征		居住迁移意愿	分为主动迁居和被动迁居
		居住迁移方向	将越秀区与荔湾区定义为老城区,其他地区为外围区,将居住迁移方向分为内—内,内—外,外—内,外—外4个方向,居住迁移方向与居住环境的变化有关
		居住迁移距离	通过前后居住地匹配,得出居住迁移距离,长距离的居住迁移通常被认为与社会网络断层、环境变化有关

迁移相关因素				生理健康		心理健康		样本合计/个
迁移相关因素				较差/%	较好/%	较差/%	较好/%	样本合计/个
迁移时间特征	居住迁移频率（累积效应验证）	5年内	0次	27.83	72.17	34.79	65.21	848
			1次	26.32	73.68	45.61	54.39	171
			2次	80.00	20.00	100.00	0.00	10
		18岁-5年前	0次	25.67	74.33	37.32	62.68	822
			1次	33.90	66.10	36.99	63.01	177
			2次	60.00	40.00	40.32	59.68	30
			3次	50.00	50.00	0.00	100.00	4
		18岁前	0次	25.67	74.33	38.20	61.80	822
			1次	33.90	66.10	31.64	68.36	177
			2次	60.00	40.00	43.33	56.67	30
	居住迁移时长（短期效应验证）	入住时间分段	1年以内	35.00	65.00	55.00	45.00	40
			2~3年	23.77	76.23	50.00	50.00	122
			4~5年	25.00	75.00	36.21	63.79	116
			5年以上	28.89	71.11	34.35	65.65	751
迁移空间特征	居住迁移特征	迁居意愿	被动	40.43	59.57	50.00	50.00	94
		迁居意愿	主动	26.84	73.16	35.94	64.06	935
		迁移方向	无迁移	23.04	76.96	34.35	65.65	230
			内—内	31.93	68.07	31.02	68.98	548
			内—外	25.96	74.04	36.54	63.46	104
			外—内	22.88	77.12	65.25	34.75	118
			外—外	24.14	75.86	65.52	34.48	29
		平均迁移距离/km		6.39	6.51	7.76	5.72	6.48
	样本合计			28.09	71.91	37.22	62.78	1029

		生理健康
		较差/%	较好/%	合计/%
心理健康	较差	32.64	67.36	100.00
心理健康	较好	25.39	74.61	100.00
样本合计		289个	740个	1029个
		心理健康
		较差/%	较好/%	合计/%
生理健康	较差	43.25	56.75	100.00
生理健康	较好	34.86	65.14	100.00
样本合计		383个	646个	1029个

影响类型	指标	具体指标	生理健康OR[95%置信区间]	心理健康OR[95%置信区间]
累积效应	居住迁移频率	近5年内迁移频率	↓0.695[0.502-0.963]	↓0.496[0.345-0.714]
		18岁-近5年迁移频率
		18岁以前迁移频率	↓0.515[0.345-0.769]
短期效应	居住迁移时长 #5年以上	1年以内	↓0.287[0.135-0.608]	↓0.342[0.165-0.706]
		2~3年		↓0.571[0.366-0.871]
		3~5年
迁移特征分异	居住迁移意愿 #主动	迁居意愿	↓0.408[0.207-0.804]
	居住迁移方向 #外—外	内—内		↑2.396[0.946-6.067]
		内—外		↑2.292[0.863-6.091]
		外—内
	居住迁移距离	居住迁移距离		↓0.962[0.930-0.994]

The impact of intra-urban residential mobility on residents' health: A case study in Guangzhou City

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