基于GIS的青藏高原史前交通路线与分区分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.03.014

Abstract

Abstract:

The environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is harsh, but it is not a restricted area for life. Evidence suggests that humans have entered the plateau area during the last deglacial period, and formed relatively stable patterns of traffic routes through long-term practices. Through the construction of a natural factor simulation-site distribution correction method and using GIS tools, this study obtained the traffic route simulation results of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the prehistoric period and verified the results with archaeological evidence. The plateau area is divided into four regions based on the simulation results, namely: the northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest regions. The routes site density of the northeast region is high and the number of sites falling into these routes accounted for 88.56% of the total number of sites in this area. The earliest routes were formed during the paleolithic period and are in the east-west direction. These routes and closely linked within the region and reach out to the Loess Plateau and the northern area of China. The formation and development of these routes laid the foundation for the spread of pottery, wheat, and millet and the emergence of the Silk Road. The direction of the routes is north-south in the southeast region. The northern part of the routes connects the upper reach of the Yellow River, and the southern part of the routes connects the Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The routes strengthen the cultural exchanges between the south and the north, and are the large corridors of national integration and communication. The southwest region is located in the center of the plateau. The routes of this area reflect the conquest of the main body in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The total length of the routes is about 4600 km and is the longest in the three regions. The routes are the second important corridor for humans to enter the plateau. The northwest region mainly consists of alpine desert and its natural environment is unsuitable for human survival, so the area is void of prehistoric traffic routes.

Key words: traffic routes, archeological site, simulation, GIS, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Yan ZHU, Guangliang HOU, Cuozhuoma LAN, Jingyi GAO, Longhui PANG. GIS-based analysis of traffic routes and regional division of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in prehistoric period[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(3): 438-449.

Figures/Tables 7

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河流/km	赋值	坡度/°	赋值	植被	赋值	海拔/m.a.s.l	赋值
0.0~1.0	5	0~5	5	温性草原—森林植被(如温带落叶灌丛等)	5	<1600	5
1.0~2.5	4	5~10	4	温性森林—灌丛植被、较干旱的森林植被(如亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛、温带针叶林等)	4	1600~2400	4
2.5~5.0	3	10~20	3	针阔混交林与草甸植被(如亚热带落叶阔叶混交林、禾草、杂类草草甸等)	3	2400~3600	3
5.0~7.5	2	20~30	2	亚热带植被与稀疏草原植被(如亚热带常绿阔叶林、矮半灌木荒漠草原等)	2	3600~4500	2
7.5~10	1	30~40	1	热带植被与荒漠植被(如热带雨林带、灌木荒漠、高山垫状植被等)	1	4500~5500	1
>10.0	0	>40	0	无植被地段(如沙漠、裸地等)	0	>5500	0

O	R	S	V	H
R	1	5	5	8
S	1/5	1	2	6
V	1/5	1/2	1	4
H	1/8	1/6	1/4	1

序号	名称	走向	长度/km	海拔落差/m	遗址点数量/个	遗址密度	沟通外部区域	形成时期
I-1	大通河谷线	东西向	445.17	1908	1793	4.03	黄土高原	新石器
I-2	湟水河谷线	东西向	440.84	2553	281	0.64	黄土高原	新石器
I-3	黄河河谷线	东西向	1110.75	1629	2034	1.83	黄土高原	旧石器
I-4	乌图美仁河谷线	东西向	297.49	296	7	0.02	—	旧石器
I-5	柴达木盆地线	东西向	600.98	1261	31	0.05	—	青铜器
I	东北区汇总	东西向	2895.23	7647	4146	1.43	黄土高原	旧石器
Ⅱ-1	黑水河谷线	南北向	161.45	1787	44	0.27	四川盆地	新石器
Ⅱ-2	大金川河谷线	南北向	530.03	2039	115	0.22	四川盆地	新石器
Ⅱ-3	雅砻江线	南北向	510.33	2018	3	0.01	四川盆地	旧石器
Ⅱ-4	金沙江线	南北向	1774.58	2260	31	0.02	云贵高原	旧石器
Ⅱ-5	澜沧江线	南北向	1100.84	2746	24	0.02	云贵高原+南亚地区	新石器
Ⅱ	东南区汇总	南北向	4077.23	10850	217	0.05	四川盆地+云贵高原+南亚地区	旧石器
Ⅲ-1	雅鲁藏布江线	东南—西北向	2158.92	2118	197	0.09	南亚地区	旧石器
Ⅲ-2	怒江线	东南—西北向	1608.29	3068	89	0.06	云贵高原+南亚地区	旧石器
Ⅲ-3	高原湖泊河流线	东南—西北向	835.11	549	38	0.05	—	旧石器
Ⅲ	西南区汇总	东南—西北向	4602.32	5735	324	0.07	云贵高原+南亚地区	旧石器

GIS-based analysis of traffic routes and regional division of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in prehistoric period

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[3]	CHEN Renli, WANG Yiqiang, LIU Baijing, GONG Meng, WU Xiaoqing. Spatio-temporal characteristics of ship activities in the Bohai Sea based on GIS and AIS [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(7): 1172-1181.
[4]	ZHANG Jingfei, ZHANG Lijun, QIN Yaochen, WANG Xia, SUN Yingying, RONG Peijun. Influencing factors of low-carbon behaviors of residents in Zhengzhou City from the perspective of cognition-behavior gaps [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(2): 265-275.
[5]	GUO Xinwei, YU Bin, ZHUO Rongrong, ZENG Juxin, YAN Meiyan. Change of farming households' employment and influencing factors on the Jianghan Plain [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(12): 2094-2104.
[6]	TANG Chenghui, MA Xueguang. Spatial pattern and structure of networked logistics connection of cities in China based on express logistics branch data [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(11): 1809-1821.
[7]	ZHAO Liyuan, WEI Jialing. Impact of urban development on the risk of flooding: A case study of Wuhan City, China [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(11): 1898-1908.
[8]	WANG Jing, LI Hairong, YANG Linsheng. Selenium levels in the environment, food, and human hair in Kashin-Beck Disease endemic areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(10): 1677-1686.
[9]	YIN Shuiqing, WANG Wenting. A review on the stochastic simulation of rainfall process data for soil erosion assessment [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(10): 1747-1757.
[10]	ZHU A-Xing, ZHU Liangjun, SHI Yaxing, QIN Chengzhi, LIU Junzhi. Integrated watershed modeling and scenario analysis: A new paradigm for integrated study of physical geography? [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(8): 1111-1122.
[11]	Xiaolu YANG, Hong ZHANG, Chunhui ZHANG. Life cycle of historic sites: Taking 14 historic site parks in the United States as an example [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(6): 918-929.
[12]	WU Xianghua, CHEN Xinyu, YUAN Feng. Job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties and influencing factors in Nanjing City [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(12): 1890-1902.
[13]	Dan CUI, Hao WU, Dianting WU. A review and prospect of regional governance in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(1): 1-14.
[14]	Xuegang CUI, Chuanglin FANG, Jun LI, Haimeng LIU, Qiang ZHANG. Progress in dynamic simulation modeling of urbanization and ecological environment coupling [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(1): 111-125.
[15]	Yuke ZHOU. Comparative study of vegetation phenology extraction methods based on digital images [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(8): 1031-1044.