PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 1510-1520.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.11.007
• Special Column: South China Sea and "the Belt and Road Initiative" • Previous Articles Next Articles
Liang WU(), Qi QIN, Dan ZHANG, Shengkui CHENG
Received:
2017-10-09
Revised:
2018-10-28
Online:
2018-11-28
Published:
2018-11-28
Supported by:
Liang WU, Qi QIN, Dan ZHANG, Shengkui CHENG. Indian Ocean Passages and their geopolitical impacts on China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(11): 1510-1520.
Tab.1
Profile of China's major Indian Ocean passages"
名称 | 通道 类型 | 相关 国家 | 通道到波斯湾 的路径 | 通道路径 距离/km | 当前到波斯湾 的路径 | 当前路 径距离/km | 通道节省 距离/km | 通道 长度/km |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
马六甲海峡 | 航运 | 新加坡 | 珠三角—马六甲—波斯湾 | 9000 | — | — | — | 1000 |
中巴经济走廊 | 陆路 | 巴基斯坦 | 喀什—卡拉奇—波斯湾 | 5000 | 喀什—上海—波斯湾 | 15400 | 10400 | 4000 |
孟中印缅经济走廊 | 水陆联运 | 缅甸 | 昆明—仰光—波斯湾 | 7800 | 昆明—防城港—波斯湾 | 9700 | 1900 | 2300 |
陆路 | 缅甸、印度、孟加拉 | 昆明—达卡—波斯湾 | 9700 | 1100 | 3000 | |||
中尼印经济走廊 | 陆路 | 尼泊尔、印度 | 拉萨—樟木—加尔各答—波斯湾 | 8600 | 拉萨—上海—波斯湾 | 14300 | 6900 | 1900 |
中南半岛经济走廊 | 陆运 | 越南、老挝、泰国、缅甸、新加坡 | 南宁—曼谷—新加坡—波斯湾 | 7400 | 南宁—马六甲—波斯湾 | 9000 | 1500 | 3000 |
克拉运河 | 航运 | 泰国 | 珠三角—克拉运河—波斯湾 | 7500 | 珠三角—马六甲—波斯湾 | 9000 | 900 | 120 |
Tab.2
Comparison of China's Indian Ocean passages"
名称 | 建设进度 | 安全风险 | 所在国态度 | 国内需求 |
---|---|---|---|---|
马六甲 海峡 | -- | 南海局势、美国霸权、海盗、非法移民、环境污染等 | 新加坡、马来西亚和印度尼西亚目前支持自由航行 | 沿海省份需求较多 |
中巴经济走廊 | 瓜达尔港已开港,多个早收项目启动;改造中巴公路,喀喇昆仑山脉路段建设和维护难度较大 | 喀喇昆仑地区地势险峻、地质脆弱、多地震滑坡等灾害、南部多洪旱灾害;巴北部和西部恐怖和部族势力猖獗 | 巴基斯坦高度支持走廊的规划建设 | 主要是新疆 |
孟中印缅经济走廊 | 国内段接近通车,境外段有待改造升级;南线属平原丘陵,难度较低,中北线道路新建和改造需穿过高山,难度稍高;河运需疏浚伊江河道 | 缅北民地武问题;中印边界问题;罗兴亚人问题;翻越高黎贡山施工难度大;孟印缅境内气象灾害较多 | 孟加拉国高度支持、缅甸谨慎支持、印度态度谨慎 | 主要是云南,四川、重庆和贵州有一定需求 |
中尼印经济走廊 | 拉日铁路已于2014年通车;中尼公路拉萨至吉隆口岸连通,吉隆口岸至加德满都和加尔各答路段有待提升 | 翻越喜马拉雅山脉地震和泥石流灾害较多,地质风险较高;尼印关系变数较大 | 尼泊尔表态支持,但印度对中国有所防范,对尼泊尔钳制意图明显 | 主要是西藏 |
中国—中南半岛经济走廊 | 泰新铁路已通车。昆曼公路已于2013年通车,中老铁路2016年开工,预计2021年贯通 | 有一定的气象灾害风险 | 沿途各国均表示支持 | 主要为云南和广西,广东、贵州、湖南等有一定需求 |
克拉运河 | 未动工 | 灾害较少;存在水体污染的可能性 | 泰国对于是否开发态度仍不明确 | 沿海省份需求较多 |
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