中学生地理空间思维能力提高的影响因素——基于甘肃省白银市第一中学高一学生的实证研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.07.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Spatial thinking ability is the basic ability of understanding geographical environment and a key geographic competence of students. Its influencing factors and mechanism need urgent attention for advancing spatial thinking theory. This study hypothesized that seven factors affect spatial thinking ability, including general intelligence level, living environment, interest in geography study, habit of using maps, interest in geographical problems, sensitivity about directions, and specialized geography knowledge. The level of spatial thinking ability and the seven hypothesized influencing factors of 126 samples from the Baiyin No.1 Middle School were measured by the spatial thinking ability test (STAT) measurement scales and factors’ measurement scales. The SPSS 23.0 software was used to analyze the related data. The samples were first divided into high, medium, and low score groups according to the level of spatial thinking ability, and general intelligence level, habit of using maps, and geography knowledge showed significant differences between the high and low score groups using independent sample T test. Then the samples were divided into high, medium, and low factor score groups, and general intelligence level, habit of using maps, specialized geography knowledge, and interest in geography study showed significant differences between the high and low factor score groups. The results indicate that general intelligence level, habit of using maps, and geography knowledge were necessary conditions of sample students’ high spatial thinking ability, and interest in geography study was also an important condition. The four factors were proven to be the main influencing factors of spatial thinking ability, and the level of influence from high to low was general intelligence, specialized geography knowledge, habit of using maps, and interest in geography study based on the result of the single factor linear regression analysis. The stepwise regression analysis result showed that general intelligence level and specialized geography knowledge had stronger influence on spatial thinking ability

Key words: spatial thinking ability, influencing factors, empirical research, Baiyin No.1 Middle School, Gansu Provincestar warehouses

Jingyi WAN, Xiaoxu LU, Yuqi LU, Fengzhen DU, Jun WANG, Beini JU. Influencing factors of middle school students' spatial thinking ability:A case study on senior one students of Baiyin No. 1 Middle School in Gansu Province[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(7): 853-863.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 39

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空间思维的组成成分	对应题号
(1) 对方向的理解	1、2
(2) 对地图信息的比较	3
(3) 根据空间要素选择最佳位置	4
(4) 根据地形图想象剖面图	5
(5) 寻找空间相关性	6、7
(6) 根据二维信息想象三维图象	8
(7) 图层的覆盖和叠加	9、10、11、12
(8) 理解地理事物的表达	13、14、15、16

假设影响因素	题号
生活环境特征	1、13、14、15、16
地理学习兴趣	2、11
地图使用习惯	3、4、5
地理问题关注习惯	6
方向敏感程度	7、8、9、10

假设影响因素	地理空间思维能力
假设影响因素	相关系数	P值	显著性
一般智力水平	0.480^**	0.000	极其显著
生活环境特征	0.005	0.959	不显著
地理学习兴趣	0.163	0.068	不显著
地图使用习惯	0.198^*	0.026	显著
地理问题关注习惯	0.120	0.182	不显著
方向敏感程度	0.036	0.690	不显著
地理专业知识	0.438^**	0.000	极其显著

假设影响因素	假设因素平均值		均值差距	T值	P值	显著性
假设影响因素	地理空间思维高分组(N=34)		均值差距	T值	P值	地理空间思维低分组(N=34)
一般智力水平	0.676	0.523	0.153	-5.947	0.000	极其显著
生活环境特征	0.612	0.600	0.012	-0.417	0.678	不显著
地理学习兴趣	0.682	0.600	0.082	-1.748	0.085	不显著
地图使用习惯	0.454	0.331	0.123	-3.292	0.002	极其显著
地理问题关注习惯	0.571	0.524	0.047	-0.787	0.434	不显著
方向敏感程度	0.588	0.551	0.036	-0.837	0.405	不显著
地理专业知识	0.770	0.629	0.141	-4.081	0.000	极其显著

假设影响因素	地理空间思维平均值		均值差距	T值	P值	显著性
假设影响因素	假设影响因素高分组(N=34)		均值差距	T值	P值	假设影响因素低分组(N=34)
一般智力水平	0.768	0.539	0.229	-6.428	0.000	极其显著
生活环境特征	0.684	0.717	-0.033	0.871	0.387	不显著
地理学习兴趣	0.702	0.608	0.094	-2.173	0.034	显著
地图使用习惯	0.715	0.623	0.092	-2.231	0.030	显著
地理问题关注习惯	0.671	0.614	0.057	-1.273	0.207	不显著
方向敏感程度	0.695	0.673	0.022	-0.600	0.550	不显著
地理专业知识	0.743	0.526	0.217	-5.965	0.000	极其显著

Influencing factors of middle school students' spatial thinking ability:A case study on senior one students of Baiyin No. 1 Middle School in Gansu Province

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影响因素	常量	系数	R²	F值	P值	显著性
一般智力水平	0.259	0.672	0.230	37.065	0.000	极其显著
地理专业知识	0.299	0.512	0.192	29.404	0.000	极其显著
地图使用习惯	0.578	0.214	0.039	5.050	0.026	显著
地理学习兴趣	0.566	0.148	0.027	3.382	0.068	不显著

影响因素	标准系数	非标准化系数	标准误差	T值	P值	显著性
常量		0.101	0.077	1.311	0.192
一般智力水平	0.368	0.516	0.113	4.558	0.000	极其显著
地理专业知识	0.301	0.353	0.094	3.733	0.000	极其显著

	平均值		均值差距	T值	P值	显著性
	男生(N=54)		均值差距	T值	P值	女生(N=72)
地理空间思维	0.676	0.659	0.017	0.563	0.574	不显著
一般智力水平	0.588	0.617	-0.029	-1.305	0.195	不显著
生活环境特征	0.607	0.593	0.014	0.786	0.433	不显著
地理学习兴趣	0.681	0.671	0.010	0.333	0.740	不显著
地图使用习惯	0.432	0.401	0.031	1.097	0.275	不显著
地理问题关注习惯	0.596	0.561	0.035	0.820	0.414	不显著
方向敏感程度	0.584	0.566	0.182	0.536	0.593	不显著
地理专业知识	0.733	0.704	0.029	1.129	0.261	不显著

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