基于熵权-TOPSIS的山区乡镇通达性研究——以重庆市石柱县为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.09.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Transportation is one of the foundations to support economic and social development of a region, and accessibility is an important indicator of the level of development of transportation facilities. In this study, we used spatial and survey data to construct an indicator system that considers internal accessibility, external accessibility, and terrain impedance based on the entropy-weight TOPSIS method for Shizhu County, Chongqing Municipality. This study explores mountain transport accessibility condition and can provide some references for mountain transport planning. The results indicate that: (1) The degree of impact of accessibility indicators on regional comprehensive accessibility ranks as: transport facilities technology (C₄) > frictional impedance (C₅) > equivalent road density (C₂) > internal connectivity (C₁) > degree of connectivity with main roads (C₃). (2) The variation coefficient of closeness degree was 0.5410, indicating that the level of transport accessibility of towns in the study area was very different. (3) Accessibility decreased from the three core areas in Nanbin, Xituo, and Yue Lai. The spatial pattern of accessibility is high in the west and low in the east, with high accessibility areas mainly distributed in places of flat terrain, and low accessibility areas mainly distributed in mountainous areas. (4) The area of high accessibility forms a "double axes", which is closely associated with main roads. (5) The spatial distribution of transport accessibility is clearly correlated with economic development level and the total area of land use right transfer. The results can provide some theoretical and practical guidance for the regional coordinated development and transportation planning.

Key words: transportation accessibility, spatial variability, passing-blocking effect, entropy-weight TOPSIS method, the mountainous area, Shizhu County, Chongqing Municipality

Xueying MA, Jing'an SHAO, Xinliang XU. Rural transportation accessibility in mountainous areas based on the entropy-weight TOPSIS method: A case study of Shizhu County, Chongqing Municipality[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(9): 1144-1154.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Tab.1

Accessibility indictors and calculation steps and formulas in study area"

目标	因子	指标	指标含义及计算步骤	指标获取公式
乡镇综合通达度(A)	内部通达性(B₁)	乡镇内部连通度(C₁)	反映乡镇内部各村联系紧密度,任意两村最短通行时间可直观表明联系程度,采用乡镇内部各村到其他村最短时间平均值表示。首先,计算乡镇内部各村到其他村最短时间之和,再求其平均值,得到各村最短时间平均值;其次,求各村最短时间平均值之和再求平均值,得到乡镇内部连通度。最短时间计算参考时速见表2。	$K = (∑ [∑ t ij / (n - 1)]) / n$ 式中：t_ij为乡镇内村i到村j最短时间/h;n为村个数;K为乡镇内部连通度。
	内部通达性(B₁)	等效道路密度(C₂)	直观地反映乡镇内部路网分布,使用等效道路密度表示。利用ArcGIS 10.2计算各乡镇不同等级道路的总长度,根据表2将实际道路长度换算为等效道路长度;计算各乡镇等效道路长度与乡镇行政面积之比,得到等效道路密度。	$D = L / S$ 式中：D为等效道路密度/(km/km²);L为等效道路总长/km;S为乡镇区域面积/km²。
	对外通达性(B₂)	与省干道衔接度(C₃)	乡镇内各村通过乡村路网到达干道的最短时间,反映乡镇对外集散程度,使用衔接度表示。计算乡镇内部各村通过乡村路网到达省、县干道最短时间之和求平均值,得到与乡镇与干道衔接度。	$C = ∑ c min n$ 式中：C为与省干道衔接度;c_min为村到省干道最短时间/h;n为村个数。
	对外通达性(B₂)	交通设施技术等级(C₄)	交通基础设施的优劣决定乡镇对外通行能力强弱。结合样区现有交通技术设施采用0.5间隔赋值法(表3)对乡镇不同交通设施赋值。高速公路、铁路港口为封闭性路段,按节点对待;最后对各乡镇各交通设施分值累加,得到乡镇交通设施综合值。	$T = ∑ S iu$ (i=1,2,…,n),(u=1,2,…,m) 式中：T为交通设施综合值;S_iu为i乡镇u类节点或线路对应赋值。
	摩擦阻抗(B₃)	摩擦阻抗(C₅)	不同地形对道路的影响程度不同,摩擦系数反映地形对路段的阻碍程度。基于ArcGIS 10.2计算样区及各乡镇高程、坡度平均值,利用地形位公式得到摩擦系数值。	$Te = log [(E / E ? + 1) (S / S ? + 1)]$ 式中：Te为乡镇摩擦系数;E为高程/m;S为坡度/°; $E ?$ 为平均高程/m; $S ?$ 为平均坡度/°。

Tab.1

Tab.2

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交通线等级	时速/(km/h)	实际长度/km	等效道路长度/km
省道	40	1	1.000
县道	30	1	0.750
乡道	25	1	0.625
农村硬化道路	20	1	0.500
农村石垫路	15	1	0.375

类型	子类型	标准	赋值	类型	子类型	标准	赋值
公路	高速公路省道县道乡道	高速口最高级别为省道最高级别为县道最高级别为乡道	2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5	客运站	—	一级	2.5 2.0 1.5
						二级
						三级
						四级	1.0
						五级	0.5
						简易	0.1
铁路	—	距离车站1 h以内	2.0	港口	—	枢纽	1.5
		距离车站2 h以内	1.5			一般	1.0
		其他	1.0			其他	0.5

	内部通达性		对外通达性		摩擦阻抗
	乡镇内部连通度C₁	等效道路密度C₂	与省干道衔接度C₃	交通设施技术C₄	摩擦阻抗C₅
o_i⁺	0.1288	0.1628	0.0799	0.3731	0.2553
o_i^-	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
E_j	0.9712	0.9636	0.9821	0.9166	0.9430
w_i	0.1288	0.1628	0.0799	0.3731	0.2553

优劣测度	最大值	最小值	极差	平均值	标准差	变异系数
距离最优值测度(r_j⁺)	0.1555	0.0403	0.1152	0.1007	0.0334	0.3316
距离最劣值测度(r_j^-)	0.1431	0.0083	0.1349	0.0616	0.0343	0.5569
贴近度(C_j)	0.7801	0.0509	0.7292	0.3783	0.2046	0.5410

乡镇	贴近度	排序	乡镇	贴近度	排序	乡镇	贴近度	排序	乡镇	贴近度	排序
南宾镇	0.7801	1	黎场乡	0.5383	9	石家乡	0.3563	17	马武镇	0.2366	25
悦崃镇	0.7053	2	鱼池镇	0.5241	10	临溪镇	0.3432	18	龙潭乡	0.2193	26
西沱镇	0.6788	3	黄水镇	0.4992	11	三星乡	0.3199	19	三益乡	0.1746	27
下路镇	0.6347	4	龙沙镇	0.4341	12	河嘴乡	0.2988	20	中益乡	0.1300	28
沿溪镇	0.6084	5	冷水镇	0.4249	13	王家乡	0.2676	21	新乐乡	0.0786	29
三河镇	0.6010	6	王场镇	0.4237	14	桥头镇	0.2659	22	金铃乡	0.0666	30
大歇镇	0.5940	7	六塘乡	0.3942	15	黄鹤乡	0.2407	23	洗新乡	0.0518	31
沙子镇	0.5563	8	万朝镇	0.3669	16	枫木乡	0.2400	24	金竹乡	0.0509	32

Rural transportation accessibility in mountainous areas based on the entropy-weight TOPSIS method: A case study of Shizhu County, Chongqing Municipality

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