中国戈壁综合自然区划研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.01.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Stony deserts are widely distributed in the arid and extremely arid regions in China. However, an integrated physical regionalization of these stony deserts has not been carried out. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the characteristics and formation mechanism of stony deserts, the main features of stony deserts can be summarized as follows: land surface is covered with gravels; surface layer has porous thin desert crust, below which red brown compact and gypsum layers are found. Vegetation mainly includes arid and extremely arid shrubs and semi-shrubs with low coverage. Stony deserts only exist in arid and extremely arid regions with aridity index greater than 4. Based on the regional differentiation of characteristics and formation conditions of stony deserts, this study selected indicators reflecting aridity and temperature, regional geology and geomorphology, and formation conditions and types of surface materials to classify the stony deserts into three first-level regions (temperate arid and extremely arid region, warm temperate arid and extremely arid region, and arid and extremely arid region in northern Tibetan Plateau); nine second-level regions (according to regional geological and topographical features), and 19 third-level regions (based on regional formation conditions and types of surface materials). Further division can be made based on regional differentiation of soils and vegetation.

Key words: stony desert, arid and extremely arid region, integrated physical regionalization

Yuancun SHEN, Xiuhong WANG, Weiming CHENG, Jinfeng WU, Qi LU, Yiming FENG. Integrated physical regionalization of stony deserts in China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(1): 57-66.

Figures/Tables 5

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Fig.1

Tab.4

Regionalization of stony deserts in China"

第一级(区)	第二级(地区)	第三级(亚地区)
Ⅰ. 温性干旱极干旱戈壁区	Ⅰ1内蒙古高原西部干旱戈壁地区	Ⅰ1₁二连浩特—苏尼特右旗剥蚀残积砾质戈壁亚地区
	Ⅰ2阿拉善高原干旱极干旱戈壁地区	Ⅰ2₁乌兰布和高地残积—洪积砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅰ2₂雅玛雷克高原残积—洪积砂砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅰ2₃腾格里高地残积—洪积砂砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅰ2₄巴丹吉林高地残积粗砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅰ2₅居延盆地台地剥蚀—洪积砾质戈壁亚地区
	Ⅰ3河西走廊东中部干旱极干旱戈壁地区	Ⅰ3₁石羊河流域中下游平原洪积冲积砂砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅰ3₂黑河流域中下游平原洪积粗砾质戈壁亚地区
	Ⅰ4北疆盆地干旱极干旱戈壁地区	Ⅰ4₁准噶尔盆地东部剥蚀—洪积砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅰ4₂乌苏—精河盆地山前洪积—冲积砂砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅰ4₃布尔津—哈巴河—吉木乃盆地洪积—冲积砂砾质戈壁亚地区
Ⅱ. 暖性干旱极干旱戈壁区	Ⅱ1鄂尔多斯高原西部干旱戈壁地区	Ⅱ1₁ 贺兰山东麓冲积——洪积砂砾质戈壁亚地区
	Ⅱ2 河西走廊西部极干旱戈壁地区	Ⅱ2₁敦煌—库姆塔格残积—洪积砾质砂砾质戈壁亚地区
	Ⅱ3南疆盆地极干旱戈壁地区	Ⅱ3₁塔克拉码干盆地洪积坡积砾质砂砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅱ3₂喀什山前平原洪积坡积砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅱ3₃天山南麓与库鲁克库木洪积坡积砾质戈壁亚地区 Ⅱ3₄吐—哈盆地剥蚀—残积粗砾质戈壁亚地区
Ⅲ. 青藏高原北部高原亚寒性干旱极干旱戈壁区	Ⅲ1柴达木盆地极干旱戈壁地区	Ⅲ1₁柴达木盆地剥蚀—坡积—洪积砾质砂砾质戈壁亚地区
	Ⅲ2 昆仑山—羌塘高原高山高原戈壁地区	Ⅲ2₁昆仑山—羌塘高原高寒残积—坡积碎石、砾质戈壁亚地区

Tab.4

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温度带	主要指标		干湿状况	干燥度K值
温度带	≥10^oC积温日数/d		干湿状况	≥10^oC积温数值/^oC
寒温带中温带暖温带高原温带高原亚寒带	<100 100~170 170~220 50~180 <50	<1600 1600~3200(3400) 3200(3400)~4500(4800) 1600~3200 <1100	湿润环境半湿润环境半干旱干旱极干旱^*	<1.00 1.00~1.50 1.50~4.00 >4.00 >8.00

大地貌单元	区域地貌基本形态区
1.内蒙古高原	1.1内蒙古高原西部高原
2.鄂尔多斯高原	2.1鄂尔多斯西部贺兰山东麓山前平原
3.阿拉善高原	3.1乌兰布和高地 3.2腾格里高地 3.3巴丹吉林高地 3.4雅玛雷克高原 3.5居延盆地台地
4.河西走廊凹陷平原	4.1石羊河流域中下游平原 4.2黑河流域中下游平原 4.3疏勒河流域中下游平原
5.北疆凹陷平原	5.1古尔班通古特(准噶尔)盆地 5.2乌苏—精河盆地 5.3布尔津—哈巴河—吉木乃盆地
6.南疆凹陷平原与吐哈盆地	6.1塔里木河冲积平原(塔克拉玛干盆地) 6.2托克拉克—布古里高地 6.3库鲁克—克孜勒苏高地 6.4吐哈盆地
7.青藏高原北部凹陷平原与山原区	7.1柴达木盆地 7.2昆仑山高山与羌塘高原

主导成因	侵蚀/堆积类型与砾型
1.高原风蚀剥蚀残积堆积型(高原残积堆积型)	1.1剥蚀残积粗砾质堆积 1.2剥蚀残积—坡积砾石、粗砾质堆积 1.3 剥蚀残积—坡积—洪积砾质堆积 1.4剥蚀残积—洪积砂砾质堆积
2.山麓山洪侵蚀堆积型(山麓侵蚀堆积型)	2.1坡积—洪积砾石、粗砾质堆积 2.2洪积粗砾质堆积 2.3洪积—冲积砂砾质堆积

Integrated physical regionalization of stony deserts in China

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