城市老年人的移动性变化及其对日常生活的影响——基于社区老年人生活历程的叙事分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.12.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on an individual perspective, this study selected a pair of "empty nest" elderly as samples to conduct a narrative analysis of their mobility change and the course of daily life since retirement. Their mobility and daily life after retirement have experienced three phases: first the expansion of the daily life space, then gradually shrinking to community and surrounding, and lastly confined near home. Aging body and the change of health status, and family factors mainly contributed to the evolution of different phases of the elderly mobility and daily life. At different stages of the aging process, the resources of individuals, families, and the local communities constituted the context of daily mobility of the elderly to various degrees. Community resources have been prominent to individuals who experienced a reduced mobility. Drawing from this study, daily mobility has played an important and evolving role in the elderly daily life. This study calls for attention to elderly mobility space in order to ultimately improve the quality of life for the elderly population. More detailed studies of the interaction of elderly mobility and urban environment are required to lead to a sustainable and elderly-friendly urban planning and policy.

Key words: elderly in urban areas, mobility, daily life, narrative analysis

Zhilian GU, Yanwei CHAI. Change of mobility of urban elderly and effects on their daily life:a narrative analysis of the life of a retired couple living in an urban community[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(12): 1617-1627.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 49

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序号	性别	年龄	退休年份	配偶年龄	家庭情况
1	男	75	1996	75	与配偶同住
2	女	70	2000	69	与配偶同住;负责照顾第三代
3	女	72	1995	75	两代同住
4	女	79	1989	83	与配偶同住
5	男	82	1980s^*	83	与配偶同住;临近子女居住地

起始时间	活动内容	活动地点	出行	出行距离/m	出行方式	同伴
6：30			去公园	3000	脚踏三轮车	配偶
6：45	锻炼身体	玉渊潭公园				配偶及朋友
7：45			去买菜	1000	脚踏三轮车	配偶
7：50	买菜	玉渊潭农贸市场				配偶
8：00			返回家	3000	脚踏三轮车	配偶
8：15	早饭	家中				配偶、父母
9：00	家务	家中				自己
12：00	午饭	家中				配偶、父母
13：00	家务/午休/休闲	家中				配偶
18：00	晚饭	家中				配偶、父母
18：55			去室外锻炼	350	步行	自己
19：00	锻炼	社区南门				社区居民
19：55			返回家里	350	步行	自己
20：00	家务/休闲	家中				配偶
23：00	睡眠	家中				配偶

	地点	频率	出行距离/m	出行方式	单程出行时间/min	同伴
购物	玉渊潭农贸市场	1次/天	3000	脚踏三轮车	15	配偶
购物	社区内商店	2次/周	50	步行	3	自己
休闲	玉渊潭公园	1次/天	3000	脚踏三轮车	15	配偶、一起活动者
	社区南门	1次/天	500	步行	15	社区居民
	国家图书馆	1次/周	4500	脚踏三轮车	30	配偶
医疗	304医院	1次/月	700	脚踏三轮车	10	配偶

起始时间	活动	地点	出行	出行距离/m	出行方式	同伴
6：15			去操场	1500	脚踏三轮车	配偶
6：30	散步	首师大操场				配偶
7：00			返回家	1500	脚踏三轮车	配偶
7：20	家务/休闲	家中				配偶
12：00	午饭	家中				配偶
13：00	家务/午休/休闲	家中				自己
16：00	散步	住所楼下				社区内同事
16：30	家务/休闲	家中				配偶
18：00	晚饭	家中				配偶
19：00	家务/休闲	家中				配偶
23：00	睡眠	家中				配偶

	地点	频率	出行距离/m	出行方式	单程出行时间/分钟	出行同伴	是否感到困难
购物	金沟河路便民商店	2~3次/周	3000	脚踏三轮车	30	配偶	一般
	首都师范大学食堂	1次/周	1500	脚踏三轮车	15	配偶	一般
休闲	社区内(散步)	1次/天	400	步行	30	配偶	否
	首师大操场	2~3次/周	1500	脚踏三轮车	15	配偶	一般
	社区图书馆	1次/周	300	脚踏三轮车	8	配偶	否
医疗	304医院	1次/月	700	脚踏三轮车	10	配偶	否

Change of mobility of urban elderly and effects on their daily life:a narrative analysis of the life of a retired couple living in an urban community

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起始时间	活动目的	活动地点	出行目的	出行距离/m	出行方式	同伴
6：00	休闲(看电视、室内做操)	家中				自己
7：00	个人护理	家中				自己
7：10	休闲(看电视)	家中				配偶
8：00	早饭	家中				配偶
9：00	休闲(看电视)、家务	家中				配偶
10：30			去买饭	300	步行	自己
10：45	买饭	老年食堂				自己
11：05			回家	300	步行	自己
11：20	午饭	家中				配偶
12：00	家务、休闲(看电视)	家中				自己
14：00	休闲(看书报)	家中				自己
15：30	睡眠	家中				自己
16：15	散步	住所楼下				邻居
17：00	晚饭	家中				配偶
18：00	休闲(看电视)	家中				配偶
20：00	与女儿电话联络	家中				配偶
20：15	休闲(看电视)	家中				配偶
20：30	休闲(看电视)	家中				配偶
23：00	睡眠	家中				配偶

	活动地点	活动频率	出行距离/m	出行方式	出行同伴	出行时间/min	感到困难否
购物	社区便民菜站	1次/周	500	电动三轮车	配偶	30	困难
休闲	住所楼下	3次/周	20		配偶		一般
休闲	社区商店附近	3次/周	200	步行	同事	30	一般
医疗	社区卫生服务站	1次/月	300	步行	自己	20	较困难
医疗	304医院	1次/月	700	电动三轮车	配偶	60	困难
餐饮	老年食堂	3次/周	200	步行		15	一般

阶段	主观感知或体验	空间供给	宜居环境需求
低龄—日常活动空间拓展阶段	追求更高质量的生活;生活满意度较高;老年病导致乘坐公交不便	小区周边分布有市级休闲设施和多样化的购物场所	居住区周边较高质量的城市休闲设施;分布有多样化的购物场所;更优质、适老化的公共交通服务
年龄增长—日常活动空间收缩阶段	难以承受远距离出行;家务劳动开始感到困难;部分意愿与需求(主要为休闲活动)不能满足;生活满意度降低	小区附近分布有低质量的购物设施和非正式的休闲场所	社区级配套齐全的购物、休闲设施;更人性化的出行环境设计(如与外部公共交通的连接性);提供一定的老年服务
高龄—日常活动空间严重局限阶段	移动出行感到困难,特别是风雨天、上下楼、以及一定距离的步行,已成为首要难题;对钟点工及老年食堂等的服务满意度差	小区内有老年食堂、社区卫生站、图书馆;道路与设施未进行无障碍设计	小区内部道路等微观环境的移动便利性设计;齐全、优质的老年服务

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