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      WANG Tengfei, MA Renfeng, ZHUANG Rulong
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      Many evolutionary economic geography studies emphasize the role of local capabilities in industrial development based on the path dependence theory. With the rapid development of new-generation information technology and infrastructure such as high-speed rail, the cross-regional flow of knowledge is becoming increasingly common and has a significant impact on regional and industrial evolution. Therefore, in the era of the knowledge economy, the multi-scale knowledge interaction network is crucial to the evolution mechanism of industrial comparative advantages. This study used patent citation big data and other statistical data, such as the total output value of the 2-digit manufacturing industry of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta in 2011, 2016 and 2021 and the Logit model to analyze the evolution of industrial comparative advantages and its knowledge dynamics. The research found that: 1) With the increasingly close intercity knowledge flow network in the Yangtze River Delta, the industries with comparative advantages in cities are becoming increasingly diverse as a whole. 2) Under the premise of controlling for local capabilities and other related variables, the evolution of urban industrial comparative advantages is also significantly influenced by the advantageous industries of cities with strong knowledge flows. In other words, a city is more likely to develop its own industrial comparative advantage in the specialized field of another city that has a strong knowledge correlation with it. 3) There is a significant knowledge network correlation in the evolution of the industrial comparative advantage structure of cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The stronger the knowledge flows, the higher the similarity of industrial comparative advantage structure between cities. To some extent, this study deepens the understanding of the knowledge dynamics and multi-scale related variety of the evolution of industrial comparative advantages in the digital economy era and helps to provide a theoretical basis for regional innovation and industrial upgrading policies.

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      YANG Zihan, PENG Baoyu, SUN Jun
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      Under the background of collaborative development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (BTH), interregional economic exchanges embody the division of labor in the industrial chain and the flow of embodied carbon emissions, thereby affecting the regional functional coordination and attribution of carbon emission responsibilities. Based on the Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) Table of China in 2012 and 2017, this study constructed the industrial chain spatial network of the BTH region and analyzed the industrial links within the region and the embodied carbon emission flow relationships, in order to provide a decision-making basis for the coordinated development and for achieving the "dual carbon" goals of the region. The results show that: 1) The industrial division of the BTH region was clear, but the functional coordination was insufficient. There was also a strong dependence of industrial spatial connections and embodied carbon flow on heavy industry. The industrial chains in the construction field and equipment manufacturing are the main routes for interregional industrial linkages. 2) The production link of the manufacturing industry in the BTH region is weak. The upstream and downstream output of the core industrial chains is always higher than that of the midstream, and the spatial network linkage from manufacturing to producer services is weak. 3) From the perspective of spatial pattern of embodied carbon emissions, Beijing and Hebei are the areas that transfer and undertake the most embodied carbon emissions within the BTH region, and Tianjin's embodied carbon emissions account for the highest proportion of total carbon emissions in the region. On this basis, this article proposed policy recommendations including deepening the spatial integration of the industrial chain, and taking the lead in carrying out carbon tax and carbon emission trading pilot projects.

    • Articles
      PAN Zichun, TIAN Pengpeng, MA Linyan, ZHU Yuchun
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      As an important means to promote changes in cultivated land production input, crop types, and cultivated land value, urban-rural integration is the key to influence cultivated land use transformation. In this study, the entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to measure the level of urban-rural integration and cultivated land use transformation, and panel regression, mediation effect, and spatial Durbin models were used to explore the impact, mechanism, and spillover effects of urban-rural integration on cultivated land use transformation. This study found that: 1) Urban-rural integration positively affects cultivated land use transformation, and the impact is mainly implicit. 2) From the regional perspective, the impact of urban-rural integration on cultivated land use transformation is stronger in the central and western regions. 3) Urban-rural integration has an impact on cultivated land use transformation through infrastructure construction, agricultural industrial structure upgrading, and labor transfer effects. 4) The impact of urban-rural integration on cultivated land use transformation has a spatial spillover effect, and the indirect effect is greater than the direct effect. Therefore, for the integration of urban and rural areas, it is necessary to strengthen infrastructure construction, promote the upgrading of agricultural industrial structure, accelerate the free flow of factors, pay attention to the difference and spillover of the impact of urban-rural integration, and promote cultivated land use transformation.

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      WANG Kai, LIU Meilun, TAN Jiaxin, GUAN Rui, GAN Chang
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      Systematically characterizing the spatial correlation network of tourism economy in the Wuling Mountain Area and exploring its urban-rural integration effects has practical value for the cohesion of tourism economic development and expanding its network spillover effect on urban-rural integration. Using the modified gravity model, social network analysis method, and spatial measurement model, this study systematically explored the urban-rural integration effect of the spatial network of tourism economy in the Wuling Mountain Area based on the characteristics of the spatial correlation network of tourism economy and the evolution of the level of urban-rural integration from 2010 to 2021. The results show that: 1) The spatial correlation network of tourism economy in the Wuling Mountain Area presented a complicated and multi-threaded network structure, and Wulingyuan District, Yongding District, Fenghuang County, and Enshi City were at the core of the spatial correlation network of tourism economy. 2) The overall level of urban-rural integration was relatively low in the Wuling Mountain Area, showing a slow upgrading trend, but the regional difference in the level of urban-rural integration had expanded, and the counties with a higher level of urban-rural integration exhibited a spatial spillover effect to form high-level agglomerations. 3) The enhancement of spatial correlation network centrality of tourism economy in the Wuling Mountain Area significantly promoted urban-rural integration, and this positive externality showed spatial heterogeneity, the urban-rural integration effect of the network centrality of the former national-level poverty-stricken counties was more prominent, while the promotional effect was not significant in the counties of the inter-provincial boundary areas. 4) There was a significant spatial spillover effect of spatial correlation network centrality of tourism economy on urban-rural integration in the Wuling Mountain Area, and the spatial spillover had a boundary effect, with the coefficient of spillover reaching a peak at 110 km, and thereafter it decayed with distance. The results of the study can provide practical references for promoting urban-rural integration and common prosperity in the Wuling Mountain Area.

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      WANG Fenglong, LI Jingyu, LIU Yungang, ZHANG Jixing, ZHENG Yuya
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      Grassroots political entities, including townships, and autonomous organizations, such as villages, serve as the spatial units of national governance system. They play important roles in streamlining the central-local relationship and improving community-level service provision. While towns are part of the formal administrative hierarchy at the grassroots level, villages and communities can be considered quasi-administrative divisions. However, existing research often fails to recognize the quasi-administrative nature of many grassroots governance units, overlooking the formation process of grassroots quasi-administrative units and the conflicts that may arise between these quasi-administrative units and formal administrative divisions. Therefore, this study took "Ju" (dwellings), a newly established quasi-administrative division in the reform of state-owned farms in Hainan Province, as an example to analyze the logics and challenges of the establishment of grassroots quasi-administrative division. The analysis was based on the theoretical framework of quasi-administrative division in three dimensions: level, size, and boundary. The study found that "Ju" is a typical grassroots quasi-administrative division formed in the process of transforming agricultural reclamation system into business groups, converting farms into corporations, and shifting the social functions of farms to local governments in Hainan Province. Its administrative level is between the neighborhood committee and the township, and its social management and public service functions are mainly provided through the local governments' authorization and purchase of services. The quasi-administrative division nature of "Ju" leads to its complicated relationship with formal administrative divisions (especially township) in terms of level, size, and boundary. Specifically, the promotion channel is not guaranteed for the staff working in "Ju" and the actors that provide certain social management functions and public services are absent. It is difficult for the township government to uniformly manage different "Ju", and it is easy for the "Ju" to have disputes with the township that it belongs to and the farm company that it serves for over the territorial boundary of the administrative function and public services provision. This study is of great significance for deepening the understanding of the transformation of "danwei (work unit)" and state-owned enterprises represented by state-owned farms, exploring the paths for optimizing grassroots (quasi-)administrative division, and advancing the research on the issues of quasi-administrative division and application of the theoretical frameworks in political geography to interpret administrative division and other regions.

    • Articles
      SHI Jing, SHI Peiji, LI Xuehong, WANG Ziyang, XU Aokang
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      A multi-scale quantitative analysis of the factors that influence the spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services is an important breakthrough in revealing the mechanisms of ecosystem service evolution and promoting sustainable regional development. Existing studies focus on determining the scale of research from the administrative division or watershed level, and lack scientific and sound scale division methods. Taking the Shiyang River Basin as the study area, this study evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of four ecosystem services—food supply, carbon sequestration, water production, and wind and sand control. Wavelet analysis and the optimal parameters-based geographical detector model were used to determine the optimal scale and the main influencing factors at different scales for studying the spatiotemporal changes of ecosystem services. The results show that: 1) The four ecosystem services (food supply, carbon sequestration, water production, and wind and sand control) in the basin all showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020. Food supply services increased the most, by 138.3%, while carbon sequestration, water production, and wind and sand control services increased by 0.97%, 7.6%, and 9.5% respectively. 2) According to the wavelet square difference main cycle of the four ecosystem services, six characteristic scales of influencing factors were constructed from 2000 to 2020 and from 2010 to 2020, and seven from 2000 to 2010, respectively. 3) With the increase of scale, the effect of the influencing factors on the temporal and spatial changes of ecosystem services gradually increased, and the main influencing factors at different scales were significantly different. Food supply and carbon sequestration services were mainly affected by human factors on a small scale and natural factors on a large scale. Water production service was always affected by natural factors at different scales. With the increase of scale, the influence of human factors on the wind and sand control service was significantly enhanced. 4) The increasing trend of q-values of various interaction factors in the process of increasing scale is different and among these, the interaction between the human factors of carbon sequestration and wind and sand control services is significantly enhanced. This study addressed the inadequacies of the traditional multi-scale sequence construction method through wavelet analysis, which can provide a reference for optimizing regional ecosystem structure and making multi-level ecosystem management decisions.

    • Articles
      WANG Jin, SHEN Yue
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      Neighborhood interaction is an important way for residents to obtain economic and emotional support, which has a significant impact on subjective well-being and physical and mental health. However, in the context of large-scale urban transformation, suburbanization, and informatization, stable and close social relationships within communities are gradually decreasing. Residents' social interactions are no longer limited to within their communities. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the level of social interaction within and outside communities and explore how neighborhood environments influence residents' social interaction patterns. Drawing on the daily activity and travel survey data collected in 2017 in Shanghai, this study classified residents' social interaction patterns into four categories—negative socializers, intracommunity socializers, intercommunity socializers, and active socializers—based on the number of regular contacts and whether they live inside the same community or outside the community. Furthermore, this study examined the impact of neighborhood environments on the social interaction patterns of residents. The results show that: 1) Suburban residents in Shanghai have a large scale of social interaction, while the level of neighborhood interaction within communities is relatively low. 2) The public activity space within a community, such as outdoor recreational facilities and small-scale commercial outlets, as well as a positive perception of the community's aesthetic appeal effectively improve the level of residents' neighborhood interaction. 3) Residents living in the outer suburbs and gated communities tend to have a higher level of social interaction outside the community. 4) In terms of socioeconomic attributes, the length of residence, housing property ownership, marital status, education level, employment situation, and family income play a role in residents' social interaction patterns. We argue that the quality and utilization rate of public space and facilities should be improved, and differentiated strategies in the planning and construction of communities should be used with different locations and demographic structures. The research provides a basis for the optimization of community environment oriented by promoting neighborhood communication and optimizing the mode of social interactions.

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      ZHANG Ruihua, FENG Jian
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      The analysis of individual behavioral patterns within the context of behavioral and social shifts provides a detailed perspective for studying human-land relations. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the relationship between behavioral decisions and space, overlooking the impact of space on the psychological and cognitive dimensions of human beings. The "neural turn" emphasizes the relationship between the human mind and space, utilizing neural mechanisms to investigate the interactions between human perception, emotion, behavior, and space. In this study, we integrated the research paradigms of behaviorism geography into the framework of neural turn. We develop a closed- loop human- behavioral- spatial approach of "cognition-decision-feedback". Based on the theory of space-behavior interaction, we emphasized the role of the human brain's perception of the environment, learning from experiences, and comprehensive decision-making abilities in reconstructing cognition and reshaping preferences. Furthermore, we analyzed the feedback process of "space- people" from the perspectives of actors and their spatial behaviors. Taking the Wangjing area of Beijing as an example, the study utilizes in-depth interviews and activity log analysis methods to interpret the daily activities of typical cases. The results demonstrate that the framework effectively explains the interaction between individuals' short-term behaviors and space, as well as the intermediate roles of spatial mapping, spatial preferences, and behavioral decision-making in individuals' interactions with space.

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      CHEN Xiaoxue, FENG Jian
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      Under the background of social media being increasingly prevalent in modern social life and media geography becoming one of the new directions of human geography, this research explored the multiple mediated construction of place of Songzhuang Art District in Beijing by using qualitative methods, such as textual analysis and in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that the process of mediated construction of place is of heterogeneity, and the media practices conducted by different subjects are shaped by the complex relationships of power. The government and the mainstream media in China, which represent the national power, have implemented a three-stage mediated construction strategy of legalization, industrialization, and commodification of Songzhuang Art District so as to brand the place, reshape its image, and promote the transformation of its development strategies. The public as outsiders, on the one hand, accept and consolidate the representation of Songzhuang as a cultural and artistic highland and a tourist destination, and on the other hand, uncover a place image different from the government discourse based on their temporary in-situ experience. As the internal social group living in Songzhuang, the artists are capable of producing their own media discourse through informal grassroots short video practices. They construct Songzhuang from the bottom up as a place closely integrated with their everyday life, lived experience, and private emotions, strengthening their subjectivity and unveiling the seldomly known artistic life in Songzhuang. We hope to enrich the literature of place making and construction by providing a case study of Chinese art district from the theoretical perspective of media geography. Moreover, through the discussion of the interactive relationships between the above three subjects, this study may contribute to a deeper understanding of the development of Songzhuang Art District as well as the life situations of the under-researched Chinese artists.

    • Articles
      XIE Yuanyuan, MA Ling
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      In the era of the knowledge economy, knowledge-based talents have become a crucial factor that influences regional and national development. Taking Guangzhou City's intellectual returnees as an example, this study explored whether they are effectively integrated into local development from the theoretical perspective of place embeddedness. Additionally, the study constructed a scale to analyze the key dimensions and influencing factors of their place embeddedness. The findings indicate that: 1) The place embeddedness of intellectual returnees is a multi-dimensional process, including job embeddedness, social relationship embeddedness, cultural embeddedness, and emotional embeddedness. 2) Different types of intellectual returnees exhibit varying levels of embeddedness across the four dimensions, displaying higher integration in emotional, job, and cultural dimensions, and relatively lower integration in local social relationship. 3) The process, patterns, and extent of place re-embeddedness of intellectual returnees can be seen as the result of the combined influence of individual attributes, mobility characteristics, work and economic factors, as well as non-work-related aspects of life and environment. By examining the interaction between the returnees and local communities from the perspective of re-embeddedness of intellectual returnees, the study provides a deeper understanding of the multidimensionality of intellectual returnees' reintegration. Furthermore, it offers intellectual support and insightful recommendations for national talent policies and local development strategies.

    • Articles
      FANG Yunhao, ZHAO Liyuan
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      Urban ventilation space, as a place for wind environment optimization, is also an important carrier for heat island effect mitigation and residents' comfort improvement. The study of ventilation space in old urban areas based on the perspective of supply and demand can provide support and guidance for the adaptive and low-carbon development strategies adopted by cities to address global climate change. Taking Xuhui District in Shanghai, Liwan District in Guangzhou, Gulou District in Nanjing, and Qiaokou District in Wuhan as examples, the ventilation supply index (VSI) and ventilation demand index (VDI) were constructed based on architectural morphology data, remote sensing data, point of interest (POI) data, and resident population density data to evaluate the ventilation supply capacity and demand level of the old urban areas, respectively. Then, a bivariate local spatial autocorrelation model was used to measure the degree of correlation between ventilation supply space and demand space. Additionally, this study identified different types of ventilation supply and demand areas and priority areas for regulatory intervention. The results show that: 1) The old urban areas have low average ventilation supply coefficients and high average ventilation demand coefficients, both of which have significant spatial heterogeneity. High supply coefficients are mainly distributed in open spaces such as green space and water, while high demand coefficients are mainly clustered in high-density and high-development intensity spaces. 2) The ventilation supply and demand spaces in the old urban areas include four types: high supply-high demand, low supply-low demand, high supply-low demand, and low supply-high demand. The proportion of spatial units with low supply-high demand is approximately 14.9% to 19.7%. This indicates that the matching of ventilation supply and demand in the old urban areas is not optimistic, and there is an urgent need for control and optimization to enhance the ventilation supply capacity. 3) The high-priority control areas in the old urban areas are Xujiahui Street in Xuhui District, Shanghai; Hualin Street, Duobao Street, Lingnan Street, Shamian Street, and Huadi Street in Liwan District, Guangzhou; Huaqiaolu Street, Hunanlu Street, and Yijiangmen Street in Gulou District, Nanjing; and Zongguan Street and Hanzheng Street in Qiaokou District, Wuhan.

    • Reviews
    • Reviews
      YANG Jingluan, LIU Weidong, LIU Zhigao
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      Innovation is an important driving force for regional development. Since the 1980s, scholars in geography and related disciplines have paid great attention to the relationship between innovation and regional development, and have carried out a wealth of research on regional innovation. In the early stage, regional innovation research took regional innovation system as the main research approach and explored the spatial aggregation mechanism and regional characteristics of innovation activities. In the 21st century, however, with the deepening of economic globalization and the prominence of global challenges in the fields of climate, environment, and energy, regional innovation research has shown a diversified trend in theory and research objects. Although scholars have theoretically reviewed regional innovation research, they have not paid sufficient attention to the changes in the socioeconomic background and theories of regional innovation research. To fill this gap, this article comprehensively comprehended the socioeconomic background, research propositions, and main research topics of regional innovation research paradigm change since the 1980s, revealing the evolution of regional innovation research that shifted from closed to open region precondition and from static to dynamic and transformative analysis, indicating the contribution of other perspectives such as technological innovation system, evolutionary economic geography, and transition studies, and suggesting the importance of global knowledge and the normative turn in regional innovation research. Moreover, after summarizing the current progress, this article proposed that future regional innovation research needs to pay more attention to multi-scalar and comparative regional innovation research and focus on the negative side and the role of the state in regional innovation activities.

    • Reviews
      ZHU Yuanyuan, LUO Yuan
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      Urban-rural population mobility is an important driving force in changing and shaping new urban-rural relations. Along with the deepening of urban-rural integration in China, a new trend of urban-rural population mobility has emerged, namely, the counter-stream of rural-urban migration (urban-rural migration and rural population reflux), an important social phenomenon that is driving the connection and development of rural societies. The evolution and reconstruction of rural social space as a spatial carrier under the interaction between people and industries present new characteristics, and exploring the reconfiguration process of rural social space by counter-stream of rural-urban migration in the context of the complexity of the "people-land-industry" pattern in the Chinese countryside is of great theoretical and practical significance for understanding the dilemmas and opportunities faced by "urban-rural China" at the present time. In this study, we started from the core research fields of urban-rural population mobility and rural reconstruction, rural industrial development and rural social space evolution, and rural social space reconstruction process and effect, and used VOSviewer to explore the related literature in China and internationally, to condense the achievements and bottlenecks that need to be solved in the current research focusing on the theme. This study then looks forward to the theoretical analytical framework, process rules, function mechanism, and place effects of the counter-stream of rural-urban migration in reconstructing the rural social space, aiming to re-conceptualize and re-interpret the phenomenon of the counter-stream of rural-urban migration in China in the new era, to decipher the demographic problems of urban-rural integration and in-depth development, and to provide a scientific basis and support for narrowing the imbalance of urban-rural development and realizing urban-rural co-prosperity.

    • Reviews
      HU Zhiding, BI Shiyao
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      Amidst economic globalization, commerce and trade have become increasingly interwoven with national security and foreign policy, emphasizing the growing interdependence of commerce, trade, and foreign policy in the 21st century. This trend has intensified in the 21st century, with the rise of multipolar economies and growing trade and technology conflicts, particularly between China and the United States, fueling interest in geoeconomic research. However, geoeconomic studies still lack clear theoretical and conceptual definitions as well as a complete qualitative analytical framework, posing challenges in supporting China's peaceful rise with a theoretical perspective. This study reviewed the current landscape of Western geoeconomic research, uncovering that: 1) the theoretical development of Western geoeconomics has evolved through two phases: germination and initiation; 2) three predominant schools have emerged: geostrategy, economic geography, and critical geography; 3) geoeconomics and geopolitics are deeply intertwined, rooted in "capitalistic logic" and "territorial logic", respectively; 4) extant empirical research spans various topics, including geoeconomic strategies, the application and impact of geoeconomic tools, and the discourse and conceptualization of geoeconomics. Finally, this article pointed out that geoeconomics is a tangible reality and represents a form of political geography driven by capitalistic logic, focusing on geopolitical spatial economics. It is dialectically integrated with geopolitics, serving both as a diplomatic policy practice and an analytical framework. Based on the coupling of existing research and China's contemporary context, this article suggests that future research in China should address geoeconomic resilience, the implementation and effectiveness of geoeconomic tools at varying scales, geoeconomic practices in smaller countries and third countries, geoeconomics from the perspective of urban regionalism, and the interplay between geoeconomic discourses and practices, to advance geoeconomic theories in China. This research is helpful to accurately and comprehensively understanding geoeconomics, grasping the development trends of Western geoeconomics, and better guiding the development of geoeconomics in China, so as to serve the implementation of "the Belt and rRoad Initiative" and the peaceful rise of China.

    • Reviews
      ZHOU Yan, XUE Desheng, GAO Quan
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      Since the appearance of the "re-materializing" approach in human geography, the subjectivity of material has been reappraised in the research framework of geography of migration. This reflection helps establishing a new research paradigm that combines mobility and materiality to explain the increasingly complex migration situation in the world. Although the concept of "material turn" first appeared in the literature of social sciences, there is limited research that systematically reviews how geography of migration engages with the materialist approach. Therefore, we intended to examine the current research trends, theoretical debates, and research frontiers in geography of migration, and then construct a theoretical framework that foregrounds the interactive relationship between migration and material. This article first examined the philosophical theory of Western material research, finding that the "material turn" trend was originally rooted in Western materialism, new materialism, and body phenomenology. Second, through the quantitative analysis of the migration-related literature in geography, we found that the research engaging "material turn" in the past 10 years mainly focused on four research hotspots: 1) migration infrastructure; 2) migration material culture; 3) immigrants' bodies, emotion, and politics; and 4) more-than-human migration geography. Focusing on the key research on material theories, this article summarized the current insights in Western and Chinese geography of migration to systematically explain the agency of material during the migration process, which may shed light on the importance of material in mediating the relationship between immigrant and place. Finally, this article constructed a theorical model around the relationship of "migrant-material-place", and further put forward the research prospect of establishing Chinese localized immigration theory. The research on "material turn" not only helps to guide new theoretical trends in geography of migration, but also promotes the place integration of international and intraregional immigrants in China.