中国常见木本植物春季展叶物候及叶冻害变化

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Freezing damage results in the dehydration of plant cells and reduces the photosynthetic capacity of plants, which causes significant losses to ecology and economy. Over the past 40 years, global warming has reduced the frequency and intensity of frost events while bringing forward the spring phenology of plants, increasing the exposure of their leaves and flowers to harsh cold temperatures. Therefore, the dual effects of climate warming should be considered in order to accurately assess the changes of plant freezing damage. To date, there is no systematic analysis of plant freezing damage in different climatic regions of China. Based on phenological observation records from the China Phenological Observation Network, leaf frost damage of four common woody plants (Ulmus pumila, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix babylonica, Fraxinus chinensis) in the spring over the past 40 years was calculated, and the spatio-temporal patterns were analyzed. We also investigated the change in the occurrence time of maximum frost damage (T_MFD) and its relationship with plant phenology. The results show that: 1) Most species presented an overall trend towards an earlier leaf unfolding date, and the advancing trend was significant and greater than 1 d/a in about 60% of the regions (P<0.05). 2) The T_MFD occurred earlier in 72.22%-83.03% of the regions, which was closely related to plants' earlier leaf unfolding date. The T_MFD of all species advanced the most (8.3 days) in the temperate climate zone, followed by the warm temperate, subtropical, plateau, and cold temperate zones. 3) The leaves of U. pumila, R. pseudoacacia and S. babylonica suffered more freezing damage in the spring, and the most significant freezing damage was mainly found in the north of 50°N region and part of the west of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In comparison, the leaves of F. chinensis suffered less frost damage due to later leaf unfolding date and stronger leaf frost resistance. With regard to interannual variations, the average freezing damage of U. pumila, R. pseudoacacia and S. babylonica increased significantly (P<0.05), but that of F. chinensis did not change obviously. In addition, the freezing damage of U. pumila and S. babylonica increased the most in the cold temperate zone, while that of R. pseudoacacia increased in about 10% of the regions in the plateau climate zone, and 3%-6% of the regions in the cold temperate, temperate, and warm temperate climate zones. The freezing damage of F. chinensis merely increased in the warm temperate zone. The results of this study can provide a reference for assessing the risk of plant freezing damage accurately and help develop regional-specific response and adaptation strategies to climate change.

Key words: phenology, leaf unfolding, freezing resistance, freezing damage, woody plant

TAO Zexing, DAI Junhu. Variations in spring leaf phenology and leaf freezing damage of common woody species in China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2023, 42(4): 766-781.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab.1

Summary information of the species investigated in this study

物种名	拉丁名	站点数量/个	观测站点	记录数量/条	平均展叶始期(序日)	无分布省份
榆树	Ulmus pumila	53	蚌埠、保定、北安、北京、承德、贵阳、哈尔滨、汉中、杭州、合肥、呼和浩特、呼玛、虎林、黄山、霍山、鸡西、济南、佳木斯、酒泉、昆明、拉萨、民勤、牡丹江、南昌、南充、南京、嫩江、齐齐哈尔、秦皇岛、沈阳、石家庄、太原、天津、潍坊、乌鲁木齐、乌苏、武功、西安、西宁、锡林浩特、邢台、熊岳、徐州、延安、伊春、宜昌、银川、鄞县、榆林、原平、张家口、长春、郑州	545	4月13日(104.8)	海南
刺槐	Robinia pseudoacacia	49	蚌埠、保定、北京、常德、承德、贵阳、哈尔滨、杭州、合肥、衡阳、呼和浩特、黄山、吉安、济南、昆明、拉萨、民勤、牡丹江、南昌、南充、南京、南平、嫩江、秦皇岛、沈阳、石家庄、太原、天津、屯溪、潍坊、武功、武汉、西安、西昌、西宁、信阳、邢台、熊岳、徐州、雅安、延安、宜宾、宜昌、银川、榆林、原平、张家口、长春、郑州	568	4月12日(103.0)	海南
垂柳	Salix babylonica	54	蚌埠、保定、北安、北京、承德、福州、贵阳、桂林、哈尔滨、杭州、合肥、衡阳、呼和浩特、虎林、黄山、鸡西、济南、佳木斯、昆明、柳州、牡丹江、南昌、南充、南京、南平、嫩江、平湖、秦皇岛、厦门、沈阳、石家庄、太原、天津、屯溪、潍坊、武功、武汉、西安、西昌、西宁、信阳、邢台、熊岳、宿县、雅安、延安、宜宾、银川、鄞县、榆林、原平、张家口、长春、郑州	522	3月20日(80.9)	—
白蜡	Fraxinus hinensis	19	保定、北京、贵阳、哈尔滨、呼和浩特、昆明、柳州、南昌、秦皇岛、太原、天津、乌鲁木齐、乌苏、西安、邢台、熊岳、延安、银川、郑州	195	4月7日(98.4)	西藏、新疆、青海

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Tab.2

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物种名	气候分区	a	b	f	T_l	t₀
榆树	温带	241.31	69.49	7.67	0.66	30
	暖温带	232.60	58.12	8.16	0.71	22
	亚热带	170.26	15.18	9.53	3.86	28
	高原气候区	197.04	160.74	4.28	0.75	17
刺槐	温带	236.35	183.39	8.88	1.80	24
	暖温带	173.75	66.65	8.49	3.73	28
	亚热带	254.95	51.44	7.94	2.44	24
	高原气候区	182.82	186.12	4.59	1.08	16
垂柳	温带	172.33	15.59	9.28	0.01	29
	暖温带	171.21	15.51	7.96	0.01	25
	亚热带	170.28	15.32	4.61	0.04	23
	高原气候区	174.43	17.62	9.15	0.01	30
白蜡	温带	318.42	29.05	4.48	0.25	21
	暖温带	176.98	111.96	9.70	2.48	27
	亚热带	213.23	26.67	5.83	1.38	28

Variations in spring leaf phenology and leaf freezing damage of common woody species in China

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