资本禀赋、城市环境对流动人口机会型创业的影响研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.10.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the background of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", the underlying mechanism of migrant opportunity entrepreneurship is of great significance for promoting the new-type urbanization and high-quality development. By focusing on individual capital endowment and urban contextual factors, this study analyzed the mechanisms of opportunity entrepreneurship of migrants in urban China by using data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey and dual-level logistic modeling, and comparing three different types of migration scopes—interprovincial, interprefecture/intercity, and intercounty. The results show that: 1) The overall level of opportunity entrepreneurship of migrants was low, whereas the entrepreneurial rate of interprovincial migrants was higher than interprefecture/intercity and intercounty migrants. 2) Different capital endowments had different effects on the opportunity entrepreneurship of the three types of migrants. A complementary relationship between social capital and financial capital was observed. With the expansion of the migration scope, the influence of social capital on migrant opportunity entrepreneurship was increasing, while the impact of financial capital was gradually weakening. 3) Urban context explains 10%-20% of the variation of the opportunity entrepreneurial decision of migrants. The larger the scope of migration, the more sensitive the migrants were to the change of external context. In particular, the segmentation of labor market significantly affected the entrepreneurial decision of the interprovincial migrants. In addition, the interaction between individual capital endowment and urban context had both negative and positive effects on opportunity entrepreneurship. This study revealed the influencing factors of opportunity entrepreneurship and its difference among migrants in different migration scopes, which provides a reference for improving urban entrepreneurship support system.

Key words: migrants, opportunity entrepreneurship, migration scopes, multilevel model, China

YIN Jiangbin, ZHANG Qianqian, LIN Sainan, HUANG Xiaoyan, QI Qi. Effects of capital endowment and urban context on opportunity entrepreneurship of migrants in urban China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(10): 1833-1845.

Figures/Tables 5

Tab.1

Fig.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

References 45

[1]	Meng X. Labor market outcomes and reforms in China[J]. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2012, 26(4): 75-102.
[2]	王春超, 冯大威. 中国乡—城移民创业行为的决定机制: 基于社会关系网的分析视角[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2018, 17(1): 355-382.
	[Wang Chunchao, Feng Dawei. The determination mechanism of entrepreneurial behavior for Chinese rural-urban immigrants: Based on the analysis perspective of social networks. China Economic Quarterly, 2018, 17(1): 355-382. ]
[3]	冯建喜, 汤爽爽, 杨振山. 农村人口流动中的“人地关系”与迁入地创业行为的影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(1): 148-162. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201601013
	[Feng Jianxi, Tang Shuangshuang, Yang Zhenshan. Determinants of entrepreneurial behavior of rural migrants in urban society: From the perspective of 'human-environment relationship'. Geographical Research, 2016, 35(1): 148-162. ] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201601013
[4]	Glaeser E L, Kerr S P, Kerr W R. Entrepreneurship and urban growth: An empirical assessment with historical mines[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2015, 97(2): 498-520. doi: 10.1162/REST_a_00456
[5]	国家统计局. 第七次全国人口普查公报(第七号)[EB/OL]. 2021-05-21 [2021-11-18]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/202106/t20210628_1818826.html, 2021-05-21.
	[National Bureau of Statistics of China. Bulletin of the Seventh National Census (No. 7). 2021-05-21 [2021-11-18]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/202106/t20210628_1818826.html, 2021-05-21. ]
[6]	Fossen F M, Martin T. Entrepreneurial dynamics over space and time[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2018, 70: 204-214. doi: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.04.004
[7]	魏下海, 陈思宇, 黎嘉辉. 方言技能与流动人口的创业选择[J]. 中国人口科学, 2016(6): 36-46.
	[Wei Xiahai, Chen Siyu, Li Jiahui. Floating population's dialect skill and entrepreneurial choice. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2016(6): 36-46. ]
[8]	Chen J, Hu M Z. City-level Hukou-based labor market discrimination and migrant entrepreneurship in China[J]. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 2021, 27(5): 1095-1118. doi: 10.3846/tede.2021.15006
[9]	叶文平, 李新春, 朱沆. 地区差距、社会嵌入与异地创业: “过江龙”企业家现象研究[J]. 管理世界, 2018, 34(1): 139-156.
	[Ye Wenping, Li Xinchun, Zhu Hang. Entrepreneurship in strange land and embeddedness of social networks. Management World, 2018, 34(1): 139-156. ]
[10]	Wang Q F, Li W. Entrepreneurship, ethnicity and local contexts: Hispanic entrepreneurs in three U.S. southern metropolitan areas[J]. GeoJournal, 2007, 68(2/3): 167-182. doi: 10.1007/s10708-007-9081-0
[11]	Dheer R J S. Entrepreneurship by immigrants: A review of existing literature and directions for future research[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2018, 14(3): 555-614. doi: 10.1007/s11365-018-0506-7
[12]	王美艳. 城市劳动力市场上的就业机会与工资差异: 外来劳动力就业与报酬研究[J]. 中国社会科学, 2005(5): 36-46, 205.
	[Wang Meiyan. Employment opportunities and wage gaps in the urban labor market: A study of the employment and wages of migrant laborers. Social Sciences in China, 2005(5): 36-46, 205. ]
[13]	宁光杰. 自我雇佣还是成为工资获得者? 中国农村外出劳动力的就业选择和收入差异[J]. 管理世界, 2012(7): 54-66.
	[Ning Guangjie. Self-employment or becoming a wage earner? Employment choice and income difference of rural migrant workers in China. Management World, 2012(7): 54-66. ]
[14]	Fu W Y. Spatial mobility and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship: The evidence from China labor-force dynamics survey[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2020, 45(5): 1324-1342. doi: 10.1007/s10961-019-09746-9
[15]	Wang D W, Cai F, Zhang G Q. Factors influencing migrant workers' employment and earnings: The role of education and training[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2010, 31(3): 123-145. doi: 10.1080/02529203.2010.503078
[16]	段吕晗, 杜德斌, 黄筱彧. 上海互联网新创企业的时空演化及影响因素[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(3): 383-394. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.008
	[Duan Lvhan, Du Debin, Huang Xiaoyu. Spatial and temporal changes and influencing factors of the location of internet start-ups in Shanghai, China. Progress in Geography, 2019, 38(3): 383-394. ] doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.008
[17]	Reynolds P D, Bygrave W D, Autio E, et al. Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2002 executive report[R]. Kansas City, USA: Ewing Mario Kauffman Foundation, 2002.
[18]	Caliendo M, Kritikos A S. Start-ups by the unemployed: Characteristics, survival and direct employment effects[J]. Small Business Economics, 2010, 35(1): 71-92. doi: 10.1007/s11187-009-9208-4
[19]	张萃. 什么使城市更有利于创业?[J]. 经济研究, 2018, 53(4): 151-166.
	[Zhang Cui. What makes cities more entrepreneurial? Economic Research Journal, 2018, 53(4): 151-166. ]
[20]	宁光杰, 李瑞. 城乡一体化进程中农民工流动范围与市民化差异[J]. 中国人口科学, 2016(4): 37- 47, 126-127.
	[Ning Guangjie, Li Rui. An analysis on differences in citizenship attainment for rural to urban migrants with different migration scopes. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2016(4): 37- 47, 126-127. ]
[21]	林李月, 朱宇, 柯文前. 城镇化中后期中国人口迁移流动形式的转变及政策应对[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(12): 2054-2067. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.12.008
	[Lin Liyue, Zhu Yu, Ke Wenqian. Changes in the form of population migration and mobility in China and corresponding policy responses at the late-intermediate stage of urbanization. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(12): 2054-2067. ] doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.12.008
[22]	Dahl M S, Sorenson O. The embedded entrepreneur[J]. European Management Review, 2009, 6(3): 172-181. doi: 10.1057/emr.2009.14
[23]	Hundt C, Sternberg R. Explaining new firm creation in Europe from a spatial and time perspective: A multilevel analysis based upon data of individuals, regions and countries[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 2016, 95(2): 223-257. doi: 10.1111/pirs.12133
[24]	Mickiewicz T, Hart M, Nyakudya F, et al. Ethnic pluralism, immigration and entrepreneurship[J]. Regional Studies, 2019, 53(1): 80-94. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2017.1405157
[25]	Djankov S, Qian Y Y, Roland G, et al. Who are China's entrepreneurs?[J]. American Economic Review, 2006, 96(2): 348-352. doi: 10.1257/000282806777212387
[26]	张峰, 黄玖立, 禹航. 体制内关系与创业[J]. 管理世界, 2017(4): 92-105.
	[Zhang Feng, Huang Jiuli, Yu Hang. Institutional relationships and entrepreneurship. Management World, 2017(4): 92-105. ]
[27]	陈爽英, 井润田, 廖开容. 社会资本、公司治理对研发投资强度影响: 基于中国民营企业的实证[J]. 科学学研究, 2012, 30(6): 916-922.
	[Chen Shuangying, Jing Runtian, Liao Kairong. How do social capital, corporate governance effect on private enterprise's R&D investment intensity. Studies in Science of Science, 2012, 30(6): 916-922. ]
[28]	严善平. 人力资本、制度与工资差别: 对大城市二元劳动力市场的实证分析[J]. 管理世界, 2007(6): 4-13, 171.
	[Yan Shanping. Human capital, systems and differences in wages: A case study on the dual labor-markets in large cities. Management World, 2007(6): 4-13, 171. ]
[29]	Morris J M, Dumble P L, Wigan M R. Accessibility indicators for transport planning[J]. Transportation Research Part A: General, 1979, 13(2): 91-109. doi: 10.1016/0191-2607(79)90012-8
[30]	施帆, 张佳, 王琛. 中国城乡居民创业意愿的空间差异及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(8): 1852-1863. doi: 10.11821/dlyj020190714
	[Shi Fan, Zhang Jia, Wang Chen. The spatial difference and determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of residents between urban and rural areas of China. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(8): 1852-1863. ] doi: 10.11821/dlyj020190714
[31]	和军. 东北经济的结构、体制关键障碍与突破路径[J]. 当代经济研究, 2019(8): 96-106.
	[He Jun. The economic structure, key obstacles of system and breakthrough paths in northeastern China. Contemporary Economic Research, 2019(8): 96-106. ]
[32]	周敏慧, Arcand J, 陶然. 企业家精神代际传递与农村迁移人口的城市创业[J]. 经济研究, 2017, 52(11): 74-87.
	[Zhou Minhui, Arcand J, Tao Ran. Intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship among Chinese migrants. Economic Research Journal, 2017, 52(11): 74-87. ]
[33]	朱明宝, 杨云彦. 大城市有利于农民工创业吗[J]. 财贸研究, 2018, 29(2): 33-42.
	[Zhu Mingbao, Yang Yunyan. Do big cities contribute to entrepreneurship of migrant workers? Finance and Trade Research, 2018, 29(2): 33-42. ]
[34]	Borjas G J. Self-Selection and the earnings of immigrants[J]. The American Economic Review, 1987, 77(4): 531-533.
[35]	李志刚, 刘晔. 中国城市“新移民”社会网络与空间分异[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(6): 785-795.
	[Li Zhigang, Liu Ye. Beyond spatial segregation: Neo-migrants and their social networks in Chinese cities. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(6): 785-795. ] doi: 10.11821/xb201106007
[36]	林赛南, 梁奇, 李志刚, 等. “家庭式迁移”对中小城市流动人口定居意愿的影响: 以温州为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(7): 1640-1650. doi: 10.11821/dlyj020181078
	[Lin Sainan, Liang Qi, Li Zhigang, et al. Family migration and settlement intention in China's medium-sized city: A case study of Wenzhou. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(7): 1640-1650. ] doi: 10.11821/dlyj020181078
[37]	苏群, 赵霞, 陈杰. 社会资本、非正规金融与农民工自我雇佣[J]. 中国农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2016, 33(6): 85-95.
	[Su Qun, Zhao Xia, Chen Jie. Social capital, non-formal financial and the migrant workers' self-employment. China Agricultural University Journal of Social Sciences Edition, 2016, 33(6): 85-95. ]
[38]	马光荣, 杨恩艳. 社会网络、非正规金融与创业[J]. 经济研究, 2011, 46(3): 83-94.
	[Ma Guangrong, Yang Enyan. Social networks, informal finance and entrepreneurship. Economic Research Journal, 2011, 46(3): 83-94. ]
[39]	McMullen J S, Bagby D R, Palich L E. Economic freedom and the motivation to engage in entrepreneurial action[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2008, 32(5): 875-895. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00260.x
[40]	张吉鹏, 黄金, 王军辉, 等. 城市落户门槛与劳动力回流[J]. 经济研究, 2020, 55(7): 175-190.
	[Zhang Jipeng, Huang Jin, Wang Junhui, et al. Return migration and the Hukou registration reform in Chinese cities. Economic Research Journal, 2020, 55(7): 175-190. ]
[41]	章莉, 李实, Darity Jr. W A, 等. 中国劳动力市场就业机会的户籍歧视及其变化趋势[J]. 财经研究, 2016, 42(1): 4-16.
	[Zhang Li, Li Shi, Darity J W A, et al. The discrimination in job obtainment by Hukou in labor market in China and its change trend. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2016, 42(1): 4-16. ]
[42]	符文颖, 董诗涵. 技术型新创企业的地理学研究进展[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(9): 1398-1406. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.09.005
	[Fu Wenying, Dong Shihan. Research progress in geography on technology-based start-ups. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(9): 1398-1406. ] doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.09.005
[43]	买忆媛, 梅琳, 周嵩安. 规制成本和资源禀赋对地区居民创业意愿的影响[J]. 管理科学, 2009, 22(4): 64-73.
	[Mai Yiyuan, Mei Lin, Zhou Songan. Regulatory costs, resource endowment and local people entrepreneurial propensity. Journal of Management Science, 2009, 22(4):64-73. ]
[44]	Ghani E, Kerr W R, O'Connell S. Spatial determinants of entrepreneurship in India[J]. Regional Studies, 2014, 48(6): 1071-1089. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2013.839869
[45]	朱明宝, 杨云彦. 近年来农民工的就业结构及其变化趋势[J]. 人口研究, 2017, 41(5): 89-100.
	[Zhu Mingbao, Yang Yunyan. Recent trends in employment structure for migrant workers in China. Population Research, 2017, 41(5): 89-100. ]

层次	指标	定义	均值	标准差
因变量	是否创业	就业身份为雇主=1;否则=0	0.06	0.23
自变量
个体层	性别	男=1,女=0	0.56	0.50
	年龄	单位：岁	35.50	9.52
	年龄的平方	个体年龄的平方
	人力资本	受教育年限,未上过学=0、小学=6、初中=9、高中/中专=12、专科=15、本科及以上=16	10.52	3.25
	社会资本	2016年以来是否参加过家乡商会,是=1,否=0	0.04	0.19
	经济资本	家庭月收入(元)	7543.62	6021.60
城市层	人均GDP	人均国内生产总值(元)	71826.20	35085.90
	劳动力市场分割	城市在岗职工平均工资与流动人口平均工资的比值	1.51	0.34
	人才可获得性	大学及以上学历人口占总人口的比重(%)	14.00	6.30
	交通通达性	基于各等级公路的城市间平均最短时间距离(min)	420.90	116.20

参数	跨省流动		省内跨市		市内跨县
参数	方差	标准误	方差	标准误	方差	标准误
截距	-2.818	0.064	-2.914	0.061	-2.986	0.060
随机效果
城市之间变异	0.687	0.062	0.610	0.066	0.541	0.062
个体之间变异	3.290		3.290		3.290
组间相关系数(ICC)	0.173		0.156		0.141
城市样本量	256		256		236
个体样本量	49590		35572		18047

层次	变量	模型2			模型3
层次	变量	跨省流动	省内跨市	市内跨县	跨省流动	省内跨市	市内跨县
个体层	性别	0.294^***	0.309^***	0.437^***	0.297^***	0.309^***	0.436^***
	年龄	0.253^***	0.234^***	0.207^***	0.253^***	0.233^***	0.207^***
	年龄的平方	-0.003^***	-0.003^***	-0.003^***	-0.003^***	-0.003^***	-0.003^***
	人力资本	-0.027^***	-0.031^***	0.003	-0.027^***	-0.031^***	0.004
	社会资本	0.944^***	0.656^***	0.526^***	0.942^***	0.655^***	0.527^**
	经济资本	1.456^***	1.655^***	1.680^***	1.459^***	1.660^***	1.692^***
城市层	人均GDP				-0.464^***	-0.365^***	-0.370^**
	劳动力市场分割				0.829^***	0.151	0.141
	人才可获得性				0.562	0.419	0.204
	交通通达性				-0.002	-0.001	0.020
	常数项	-20.794^***	-21.815^***	-22.031^***	-16.916^***	-17.467^***	-18.025^***
随机效应	城市之间变异	0.783	0.523	0.612	0.702	0.477	0.559
	对数似然值	-9644.1	-6321.5	-3253.1	-9624.9	-6312.9	-3244.5
	Wald chi2	2463.5	1494.0	746.9	2480.7	1512.0	757.3
	Prob > chi2	P<0.0001	P<0.0001	P<0.0001	P<0.0001	P<0.0001	P<0.0001
	个体样本量	49590	35572	18047	49590	35572	18047

变量	跨省流动		省内跨市		市内跨县
变量	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误
人力资本*人均GDP	-0.060^***	0.022	-0.034	0.026	-0.005	0.031
人力资本*劳动力市场分割	-0.018	0.033	0.040	0.037	0.003	0.051
人力资本*人才可获得性	-0.312^***	0.115	0.353^**	0.139	0.001	0.001
人力资本*交通通达性	0.003	0.003	0.001	0.004	0.003	0.008
社会资本*人均GDP	0.448^**	0.194	0.410	0.299	-0.267	0.389
社会资本*劳动力市场分割	0.149	0.302	0.913^*	0.472	-1.129	0.695
社会资本*人才可获得性	0.144	1.073	1.437	1.598	1.124^*	0.005
社会资本*交通通达性	-0.036	0.032	0.028	0.053	0.105	0.104
经济资本*人均GDP	0.148	0.110	-0.285^**	0.141	-0.034^*	0.179
经济资本*劳动力市场分割	-0.248	0.167	-0.158	0.218	-0.191	0.265
经济资本*人才可获得性	-1.316^**	0.596	0.419	0.788	0.001	0.002
经济资本*交通通达性	-0.040^**	0.017	-0.010	0.024	-0.044	0.044
常数项	-18.387^***	11.325	-5.134^***	1.419	-20.019	17.626
个体变量	是		是		是
城市变量	是		是		是
城市之间变异	0.690	0.065	0.444	0.061	0.559	0.065
对数似然值	-9593.2		-6301.2		-3244.5
Wald chi2	2518.8		1532.8		757.3
Prob > chi2	P<0.0001		P<0.0001		P<0.0001
个体样本量	49590		35572		18047

Effects of capital endowment and urban context on opportunity entrepreneurship of migrants in urban China

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 5

References 45

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	GONG Qinlin, ZOU Donghan, ZHOU Yi, ZHU Shengjun. Influence of high-level scenic spots on tourism development and its spatial effect [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(8): 1364-1377.
[2]	SUN Pingjun, ZHANG Keqiu, HE Tian. Shrinkage effect of urban-rural integration on shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China and mechanism [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(7): 1213-1225.
[3]	CHEN Haixi. Progress and review of research on China-Europe Railway Express in China from the geographical perspective [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(6): 1136-1144.
[4]	LI Zhuowei, WANG Shijun, CHENG Lisha, SHI Xiang, GUAN Haoming, SHU Chang. Differences and relationship between population flow and transportation networks in Northeast China [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(6): 985-998.
[5]	CHEN Man, HUANG Baishi, LIU Ye. Effects of PM_2.5 concentration on mortality in China: A study based on city-level panel data [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(6): 1028-1040.
[6]	LI Bo, CAO Gai. Structural resilience change of China’s marine economic network based on the data of sea-related A-share listed companies [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(6): 945-955.
[7]	JIANG Sheng, HE Canfei. Effects of related variety and unrelated variety on China’s export market diversification [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(5): 770-784.
[8]	LIU Fengshan, GE Quansheng, TAO Fulu, CAI Yangxing, BU Jianchao, BAI Nini. Impacts of maize planting date and variety on canopy temperature on the North China Plain and surface biophysical mechanism [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(4): 682-692.
[9]	LI Fengjiao, LIU Jiaming, JIANG Lili. Spatiotemporal change of strategic emerging industries in Northeast China and influencing factors [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(4): 541-553.
[10]	SUN Bindong, WANG Yanyan, ZHANG Zhiqiang, LI Wan. The form and evolution of city size distribution and urban growth model in China: An analysis based on Zipf’s Law and Gibrat’s Law [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(3): 361-370.
[11]	XU Yan, ZHANG Qingyuan, LU Lin. Tidal tourism flow study: Conceptual framework and research ideas [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(3): 521-530.
[12]	LIU Jixiang, XIAO Longzhu, ZHOU Jiangping, GUO Yuanyuan, YANG Linchuan. Non-linear relationships between the built environment and walking to school: Applying extreme gradient boosting method [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(2): 251-263.
[13]	WANG Fei, CHEN Baozhang, CHEN Jing, ZHANG Huifang, GUO Lifeng. Comparative study of DLM and CLM5 model simulations at winter wheat-summer maize rotation stations in the North China Plain [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(2): 289-303.
[14]	LIU Jian, YANG Qingshan. Demonstration of China’s status as a developing country: An empirical analysis based on the multi-dimensional development level classification of 190 economies [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(10): 1882-1898.
[15]	GUO Lijia, LI Chang, PENG Hongsong, ZHONG Shi'en, ZHANG Jinhe, YU Hu. Tourism eco-efficiency at the provincial level in China in the context of energy conservation and emission reduction [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(8): 1284-1297.