贫困山区乡村发展类型识别及振兴路径研究——以河南省栾川县为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.10.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Accurate assessment and classification of rural development levels is an important issue in rural revitalization research, which can provide a scientific basis for the implementation of rural revitalization strategies by development type and stage. Taking Luanchuan County, Henan Province as an example, this study integrated multi-source data such as administrative village census and electronic maps to construct a multi-dimensional development potential measurement indicator system for the village scale, and carry out multi-dimensional evaluation and type identification of rural development potential. The results show that: 1) The overall situation of rural multi-dimensional development potential in Luanchuan County is poor, with only 45.89% of the villages having medium and above development potential, and the interaction between any two dimensions has a nonlinear enhancement effect on explaining the spatial differentiation of multi-dimensional development potential. 2) The spatial differentiation characteristics of rural multi-dimensional development levels are obvious. Villages with high development potential are concentrated near the county seat and where key township centers are located, while villages with low and medium-low development potential are mainly distributed in the border areas of the county and in the areas between the towns in the central part. 3) The development level of each dimension shows relatively significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, but the spatial agglomeration pattern is different for different dimensions. Villages with higher development level in geographical location and natural background are mainly concentrated in areas with good resource endowment and relatively flat terrain; and villages with higher development level in the four dimensions of geographical location, population development, economic foundation, and social welfare gather near the county seat, township centers, and tourist attractions. 4) According to the multi-dimensional development assessment results, the villages are divided into five types: priority revitalization, preliminary revitalization, maintaining the status quo, decline and relocation, and priority relocation. Based on the characteristics of different types of villages, revitalization paths and development strategies are proposed to improve the development quality of villages.

Key words: poverty-stricken mountainous areas, multi-dimensional development, village type, revitalization path, Luanchuan County

LUO Qing, CHEN Siyi, WANG Yifei, LI Menglin. Identification of rural development types and revitalization paths in poor mountainous areas: Taking Luanchuan County, Henan Province as an example[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(10): 1783-1794.

Figures/Tables 7

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Tab.3

Types of rural revitalization and policy measures in Luanchuan County

村庄类型	村庄个数	优势因素组合归类	主要特征	政策措施
优先振兴型	39	NLEPS、NLPS、LPES、RLE、RSP、LSP	多维发展指数分值较高,存在3个及以上的维度发展优势。这些村庄通常位于城镇和景区附近,地理区位好,同时具有自然本底、资源禀赋等方面优势,已具有较好的经济基础,人口集聚能力强	推动城镇基础设施和公共服务设施向乡村延伸;充分发挥原有优势,形成不同维度间的协同合力,进一步增强其人口集聚能力和产业承载能力,成为所在区域的增长极和公共服务中心
预备振兴型	16	LP、RP、ES、NL	多维发展指数分值较高,存在2个维度发展优势;这些村庄往往位于主要城镇或景区附近,有一定区位优势和经济基础,同时自然本底、资源禀赋较好,人口数量较多	找准发展突破点,吸引外部的资金、人才、技术等要素到乡村;在原有优势基础上,充分利用自身的资源禀赋优势,围绕市场需求,大力发展绿色生态农业、民俗旅游等新产业新业态,创新产业经营模式,增强经济实力
保留维持型	113	PE、NL、NR、NP	多维发展分值较低,尤其在资源禀赋、社会福利维度得分较低;这些村庄通常资源禀赋状况较差,经济基础较为薄弱,发展潜力较小,人口规模小且流失严重	进一步完善教育医疗公共服务设施,整治村庄人居环境,改善村民生产生活条件,增强其幸福感;依托村庄资源,大力发展特色产业,提高其产品附加值,不断提高增加村民收入;可通过合并方式与邻村共同开发以实现发展
衰落搬迁型	14	L、E	仅地理区位、经济基础中某个维度有优势,但整体综合发展水平低、发展潜力较小;陷入衰退的恶性循环	不适合大规模基础设施和公共服务设施投资;适时对村庄采取异地搬迁,改善村民的生产生活环境
优先搬迁型	25	—	任何一个发展维度均不具有优势,生存条件非常恶劣、生态环境脆弱、基础设施和公共服务设施供给水平较低;通过本地投资不能带来社会、经济和生态效益,亟需通过搬迁方式来改善村民的生产和生活环境	生态扶贫搬迁、生态宜居搬迁、农村集聚发展搬迁等方式,实现村庄搬迁撤并,改善村民的生产生活环境;通过加强生态保育功能,提升原有村庄生态系统服务价值

Tab.3

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发展维度	指标	指标含义	指标权重	功效性
自然本底 (N)	15°以上坡度所占比重	ArcGIS栅格统计	0.500	逆向指标
	村庄地形起伏度	根据封志明等^[25]的方法计算	0.500	逆向指标
资源禀赋 (R)	人均耕地面积	村庄耕地面积/村庄常住人口数	0.350	正向指标
	人均林地面积	村庄林地面积/村庄常住人口数	0.420	正向指标
	建设用地挖掘潜力	村庄建设用地面积/村庄常住人口数	0.230	正向指标
地理区位 (L)	距县政府远近	行政村到最近县政府的时间距离	0.350	逆向指标
	距镇政府远近	行政村到最近镇政府的时间距离	0.180	逆向指标
	距干道的距离	行政村到国道和省道的时间距离	0.300	逆向指标
	距高速口的通达度	行政村到最近高速口的时间距离	0.170	逆向指标
人口发展 (P)	人口聚居程度	村庄自然村间的平均距离	0.300	逆向指标
	人口流失程度	1减去村庄常住人口数与户籍人口数之比	0.300	逆向指标
	人口规模	村庄常住人口数量	0.400	正向指标
经济基础 (E)	村庄工商企业数	行政村内工商企业的个数	0.112	正向指标
	是否有3A以上景区	是=1、否=0	0.407	正向指标
	集体经济状况	村庄集体收入	0.481	正向指标
社会福利 (S)	到最近中学的距离	行政村到最近中学的时间距离	0.197	逆向指标
	到最近小学的距离	行政村到最近小学的时间距离	0.332	逆向指标
	到最近幼儿园的距离	行政村到最近幼儿园的时间距离	0.139	逆向指标
	到最近卫生院的距离	行政村到最近卫生院的时间距离	0.332	逆向指标

主导交互因子	q值	主导交互因子	q值	主导交互因子	q值
地理区位∩经济基础	0.745	经济基础∩人口发展	0.619	人口发展∩社会福利	0.701
地理区位∩人口发展	0.672	经济基础∩自然本底	0.788	人口发展∩资源禀赋	0.521
地理区位∩自然本底	0.676	经济基础∩社会福利	0.768	自然本底∩社会福利	0.669
地理区位∩社会福利	0.436	经济基础∩资源禀赋	0.602	自然本底∩资源禀赋	0.592
地理区位∩资源禀赋	0.616	人口发展∩自然本底	0.685	社会福利∩资源禀赋	0.598

Identification of rural development types and revitalization paths in poor mountainous areas: Taking Luanchuan County, Henan Province as an example

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