东北三省收缩城市城乡一体化收缩效应及其作用机理研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.07.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Urban-rural integration has great significance for the effective implementation of rural revitalization and urban sustainable development in China, but shrinking cities have emerged in the process of rapid urbanization. Characteristics of urban-rural integration development of shrinking cities and the impact of urban shrinkage on urban-rural integration have become one of the core scientific issues to be addressed in the current research on promoting the goal of common prosperity in China. This study constructed an evaluation indicator system based on the definition of urban-rural integration, with the driving force-pathway-goal of "urban development driven-coordination of urban and rural investment-promoting the balance of basic public services and narrowing urban-rural income gaps". It took the three northeastern provinces as examples and conducted an empirical analysis of urban-rural relationship in 2010-2019 from the perspective of shrinking cities and non-shrinking cities, different development stages, and different development types of shrinking cities. The results show that: 1) The overall development of urban-rural integration in the three northeastern provinces showed an upward trend, but the development level is still low and the internal spatial differentiation is obvious. 2) Urban shrinkage has an obvious impact on urban-rural integration, and the overall level of urban-rural integration in shrinking cities is lower than that of non-shrinking cities. Urban and rural dual structure is more obvious in shrinking cities. 3) Urban-rural integration development level shows differences in cities of different shrinkage types and shrinkage development stages. The level of urban-rural integration decreased gradually from pre-shrinkage stage to post-shrinkage stage, and resource-dependent shrinking cities < comprehensive shrinking cities < "siphon" shrinking cities < location-constrained shrinking cities. Therefore, this study concluded that shrinking cities are affected by the "spatial deprivation" of development factors on urban-rural integration development. The emergence of shrinking cities is not conducive to regional coordination and the integration of urban and rural development, and the sustainable development of shrinking cities should be fully considered in the revitalization of Northeast China.

Key words: urban-rural integration, shrinkage effects, urban shrinkage, shrinking cities, the three provinces of Northeast China

SUN Pingjun, ZHANG Keqiu, HE Tian. Shrinkage effect of urban-rural integration on shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China and mechanism[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(7): 1213-1225.

Figures/Tables 5

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Scores of urban-rural integration of 34 cities in Northeast China during 2010-2019

城市	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年	平均值
沈阳	0.509	0.517	0.533	0.567	0.512	0.526	0.529	0.532	0.556	0.558	0.534
大连	0.525	0.546	0.558	0.570	0.512	0.511	0.530	0.528	0.526	0.535	0.534
鞍山	0.497	0.476	0.477	0.481	0.446	0.448	0.449	0.448	0.464	0.470	0.466
抚顺	0.408	0.419	0.429	0.450	0.426	0.424	0.435	0.431	0.446	0.440	0.431
本溪	0.420	0.423	0.422	0.435	0.420	0.431	0.396	0.393	0.407	0.408	0.415
丹东	0.441	0.412	0.440	0.457	0.420	0.410	0.428	0.394	0.428	0.427	0.426
锦州	0.428	0.436	0.457	0.452	0.469	0.476	0.493	0.481	0.476	0.468	0.464
营口	0.435	0.451	0.451	0.412	0.427	0.453	0.424	0.440	0.445	0.452	0.439
阜新	0.393	0.393	0.411	0.425	0.428	0.440	0.466	0.430	0.438	0.456	0.428
辽阳	0.393	0.352	0.404	0.421	0.406	0.416	0.392	0.390	0.423	0.424	0.402
盘锦	0.442	0.436	0.450	0.458	0.398	0.421	0.415	0.402	0.423	0.431	0.427
铁岭	0.414	0.409	0.442	0.438	0.428	0.411	0.449	0.428	0.445	0.462	0.433
朝阳	0.407	0.401	0.423	0.422	0.420	0.434	0.443	0.433	0.449	0.446	0.428
葫芦岛	0.411	0.396	0.408	0.405	0.426	0.424	0.438	0.434	0.432	0.432	0.421
长春	0.471	0.483	0.507	0.521	0.553	0.546	0.583	0.613	0.639	0.619	0.553
吉林	0.442	0.438	0.449	0.451	0.480	0.475	0.487	0.527	0.545	0.541	0.484
四平	0.377	0.351	0.378	0.366	0.398	0.410	0.374	0.415	0.462	0.461	0.399
辽源	0.397	0.416	0.433	0.440	0.466	0.457	0.491	0.512	0.525	0.467	0.460
通化	0.437	0.414	0.432	0.423	0.461	0.450	0.438	0.429	0.435	0.448	0.437
白山	0.366	0.370	0.383	0.368	0.402	0.387	0.436	0.432	0.445	0.444	0.403
松原	0.436	0.440	0.465	0.460	0.481	0.453	0.492	0.460	0.469	0.468	0.462
白城	0.364	0.367	0.391	0.380	0.461	0.434	0.459	0.456	0.473	0.469	0.425
哈尔滨	0.462	0.449	0.443	0.475	0.487	0.546	0.566	0.581	0.620	0.602	0.523
齐齐哈尔	0.448	0.469	0.484	0.479	0.468	0.452	0.477	0.483	0.480	0.440	0.468
鸡西	0.430	0.425	0.430	0.454	0.461	0.456	0.448	0.473	0.474	0.472	0.452
鹤岗	0.417	0.435	0.431	0.442	0.457	0.444	0.424	0.438	0.437	0.427	0.435
双鸭山	0.348	0.363	0.371	0.370	0.369	0.380	0.398	0.379	0.390	0.392	0.376
大庆	0.570	0.602	0.604	0.589	0.583	0.534	0.526	0.553	0.570	0.540	0.567
伊春	0.345	0.326	0.369	0.357	0.372	0.345	0.369	0.379	0.397	0.365	0.363
佳木斯	0.392	0.452	0.430	0.461	0.458	0.477	0.497	0.513	0.529	0.508	0.472
七台河	0.385	0.394	0.377	0.371	0.375	0.366	0.390	0.396	0.401	0.394	0.385
牡丹江	0.431	0.429	0.424	0.437	0.439	0.441	0.450	0.449	0.461	0.437	0.440
黑河	0.450	0.456	0.427	0.437	0.450	0.446	0.458	0.436	0.443	0.437	0.444
绥化	0.431	0.433	0.413	0.413	0.435	0.435	0.433	0.447	0.458	0.458	0.435
平均值	0.427	0.429	0.440	0.444	0.447	0.446	0.455	0.457	0.471	0.465	0.448

Tab.3

Tab.4

Scores of urban-rural integration in different types of shrinking cities

城市类型	城乡一体化
城市类型	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年	平均值
非收缩城市	0.449	0.446	0.462	0.465	0.463	0.464	0.472	0.474	0.489	0.484	0.467
收缩城市	0.375	0.381	0.386	0.390	0.400	0.397	0.407	0.408	0.420	0.412	0.398
阶段收缩初期	0.402	0.404	0.423	0.428	0.440	0.437	0.452	0.449	0.468	0.458	0.436
收缩中期	0.406	0.415	0.413	0.421	0.432	0.428	0.433	0.439	0.449	0.440	0.427
收缩后期	0.367	0.379	0.374	0.370	0.372	0.373	0.394	0.387	0.395	0.393	0.380
成因资源型	0.392	0.397	0.409	0.415	0.422	0.418	0.429	0.430	0.440	0.430	0.418
综合型	0.410	0.417	0.421	0.416	0.428	0.410	0.441	0.428	0.435	0.431	0.424
区位制约型	0.450	0.456	0.427	0.437	0.450	0.446	0.458	0.436	0.443	0.437	0.444
虹吸型	0.400	0.412	0.407	0.413	0.431	0.441	0.435	0.458	0.483	0.476	0.435
城市类型	城乡发展度
城市类型	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年	平均值
非收缩城市	0.262	0.284	0.301	0.322	0.324	0.330	0.332	0.340	0.350	0.351	0.320
收缩城市	0.150	0.166	0.179	0.189	0.193	0.201	0.195	0.206	0.208	0.204	0.189
阶段收缩初期	0.186	0.213	0.230	0.248	0.252	0.260	0.257	0.259	0.259	0.257	0.242
收缩中期	0.147	0.159	0.171	0.180	0.186	0.192	0.185	0.206	0.209	0.203	0.184
收缩后期	0.148	0.159	0.171	0.171	0.173	0.190	0.180	0.179	0.187	0.181	0.174
成因资源型	0.166	0.182	0.197	0.210	0.212	0.218	0.212	0.224	0.226	0.219	0.207
综合型	0.185	0.212	0.227	0.237	0.238	0.249	0.228	0.226	0.238	0.228	0.227
区位制约型	0.101	0.104	0.104	0.106	0.122	0.127	0.140	0.156	0.158	0.162	0.128
虹吸型	0.145	0.161	0.177	0.185	0.197	0.210	0.208	0.226	0.222	0.227	0.196
城市类型	城乡协调度
城市类型	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年	平均值
非收缩城市	0.407	0.379	0.384	0.376	0.370	0.374	0.367	0.376	0.395	0.370	0.380
收缩城市	0.348	0.324	0.321	0.323	0.329	0.341	0.355	0.358	0.377	0.366	0.344
阶段收缩初期	0.360	0.344	0.350	0.365	0.360	0.379	0.403	0.418	0.425	0.387	0.379
收缩中期	0.380	0.348	0.343	0.341	0.358	0.364	0.373	0.369	0.401	0.401	0.368
收缩后期	0.370	0.340	0.319	0.308	0.297	0.324	0.341	0.344	0.350	0.355	0.335
成因资源型	0.334	0.311	0.321	0.316	0.329	0.342	0.354	0.353	0.367	0.358	0.338
综合型	0.410	0.386	0.370	0.381	0.368	0.385	0.407	0.382	0.386	0.366	0.384
区位制约型	0.497	0.477	0.417	0.452	0.456	0.467	0.484	0.474	0.484	0.495	0.470
虹吸型	0.417	0.377	0.364	0.371	0.368	0.380	0.399	0.438	0.492	0.470	0.408
城市类型	城乡均衡度
城市类型	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年	平均值
非收缩城市	0.739	0.730	0.754	0.744	0.740	0.730	0.765	0.749	0.768	0.776	0.750
收缩城市	0.700	0.725	0.726	0.726	0.747	0.714	0.740	0.727	0.745	0.736	0.729
阶段收缩初期	0.733	0.719	0.754	0.730	0.769	0.730	0.759	0.734	0.791	0.798	0.752
收缩中期	0.779	0.824	0.805	0.821	0.834	0.806	0.823	0.819	0.817	0.794	0.812
收缩后期	0.655	0.711	0.700	0.698	0.712	0.666	0.733	0.709	0.718	0.715	0.702
成因资源型	0.750	0.768	0.779	0.789	0.797	0.761	0.795	0.780	0.798	0.784	0.780
综合型	0.710	0.722	0.731	0.688	0.740	0.649	0.760	0.742	0.747	0.767	0.726
区位制约型	0.867	0.903	0.869	0.864	0.883	0.852	0.855	0.771	0.783	0.744	0.839
虹吸型	0.722	0.782	0.756	0.760	0.804	0.809	0.772	0.789	0.822	0.813	0.783

Tab.4

Fig.1

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目标层	准则层	指标层	内涵
城乡一体化	城乡发展度 (0.400)	人均GDP (0.240)	反映城镇的经济发展水平
		二三产业产值占GDP比重 (0.022)	反映城镇的社会经济结构水平
		城市人口 (0.399)	反映城市的规模,是城市发展的直观体现
		二三产业就业人数占全部就业人数比 (0.025)	反映城镇的就业情况
		人均农业机械动力 (0.142)	反映城镇对农村农业的现代化发展的技术支撑水平
		人均消费总额 (0.172)	反映城镇的消费水平
	城乡协调度 (0.300)	城乡固定资产投资比 (0.040)	反映城乡固定资产投资规模的协调水平
		农林支出占财政支出比 (0.402)	反映城乡财政投入的协调程度
		人均二三产业产值与人均农林牧渔产值之比 (0.471)	反映城乡产业结构的协调水平
		城乡财政支出比 (0.064)	反映城乡财政支出的协调水平
		城乡人均GDP之比 (0.023)	反映城乡发展能力的协调水平
	城乡均衡度 (0.300)	城乡人均可支配收入之比 (0.500)	反映城乡居民在收入水平上的均衡程度
		城乡每万人拥有的医疗床位数比 (0.426)	反映城乡在医疗卫生水平上的均衡程度
		城乡每万人拥有的教师数比 (0.074)	反映城乡在教育水平、教育质量的均衡程度

收缩类型		城市名称
非收缩城市		沈阳、营口、盘锦、朝阳、长春、哈尔滨、大庆、大连、鞍山、丹东、锦州、辽阳、铁岭、葫芦岛、吉林、通化、白城、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江
收缩城市阶段	收缩初期	抚顺、阜新、四平、辽源、松原
	收缩中期	本溪、白山、鸡西、鹤岗、伊春、佳木斯、黑河、绥化
	收缩后期	双鸭山、七台河
成因	资源依赖型	抚顺、本溪、阜新、辽源、鸡西、鹤岗、双鸭山、白山、伊春
	虹吸型	四平、佳木斯、绥化
	综合型	松原、七台河
	区位制约型	黑河

Shrinkage effect of urban-rural integration on shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China and mechanism

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