PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1097-1108.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.06.012
• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
WANG Tao1,2(), LIU Yungang2,3,*(
)
Received:
2021-06-03
Revised:
2022-03-22
Online:
2022-06-28
Published:
2022-08-28
Contact:
LIU Yungang
E-mail:417018045@qq.com;ygliu@scnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
WANG Tao, LIU Yungang. Mapping and “cartographicality”: Progress review of critical cartography and critical GIS[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(6): 1097-1108.
Tab.1
Three stages and main features of the debate between critical geography and GIS
阶段划分 | 论战核心内容 |
---|---|
1983—1993年 | 第一轮论战,GIS被批判学者贴上“非智力”和假定客观的“实证主义”标签,其研究基础是事实数据而非具有价值的信息;GIS学者对其进行了强有力的回应,认为对方对“科学”缺乏深入理解 代表性文献:[ |
1993—1998年 | 第二轮论战,GIS过度依赖的笛卡儿式几何空间仍被反复强调,此外批评者认为其代表了霸权主义,也使社会面临沦为监视社会的危险;与此同时,争论双方开始共同举办会议以弥合分歧 代表性文献:[ |
1998—2001年 | 论战的第三阶段,争论双方均意识到GIS并不必然是实证主义的,它同样可以用于弹性的非决定论分析。双方的争论逐步让位于如何共同“重构”一个更具有社会责任感的GIS 代表性文献:[ |
Tab.2
Analytical framework of critical cartography/GIS
权力表现 | 科学制图学/GIS | 批判制图学/GIS | |
---|---|---|---|
激进制图学/GIS(解构) | 质性制图学/GIS(建构) | ||
地图的外在权力:谁拥有制作、传播与解释地图的权利? | “自上而下”倡导制图技术专业化致力于建立制图学/GIS学科知识体系 | 将“治理术”概念拓展到“制图术”,揭示专业化的制图知识背后无处不在的国家空间治理逻辑 | “自下而上”倡导制图实践的业余化公众参与致力于各类网络地理服务与新空间媒体的开发与开放 |
地图的内在权力:地图表达、声张或掩盖了谁的空间权利? | 认为地图是对空间的客观表征,空间信息可以通过“科学化”的语言得以完整表达 推崇数据的定量化 | 认为任何制图过程都是对客观现实的选择性表达 揭示地图强化了哪些主体的权力的同时压制了哪些群体的权力 | 重视艺术/非科学制图强化定性GIS (qualitative GIS)、反制图(counter-mappings)等非定量手段 |
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