PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1053-1067.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.06.009
• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2021-10-04
Revised:
2022-02-06
Online:
2022-06-28
Published:
2022-08-28
Contact:
YUAN Feng
E-mail:hwang@niglas.ac.cn;fyuan@niglas.ac.cn
Supported by:
WANG Hui, YUAN Feng. A review of urban employment polycentricity research[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(6): 1053-1067.
Tab.1
Similarities and differences of employment decentralization in Europe and America
市场属性 | 欧洲类型 | 北美类型 |
---|---|---|
土地价值及其开发地理约束 | 土地丰富;土地开发成本高;土地价值高;住宅扩张温和;密集而紧凑的开发模式 | 土地丰富;土地开发成本较高;土地价值较高;住宅蔓延式扩张;城市增长边界的有限尝试 |
人口和经济增长 | 低人口增长率;高福利水平;较高机动化率;较高能源成本 | 高人口增长率;高生活水平;高机动化率;低能源成本 |
技术变革 | 快速机动化起步于第二次世界大战后,公共交通更丰富;通信/数字技术晚于北美 | 快速机动化起步于第一次世界大战前,严重的汽车依赖;通信/数字技术较早普及 |
房地产市场竞争性和分散性 | 少数几家大型开发商主导,绝大多数的中小开发商主导 | 商界与地方领导人之间联系紧密 |
社会—种族多样性与意识形态 | 价值观有相当广泛共识,易于接受干预经济/就业活动区位的公共政策 | 经常困扰大都市核心地区的种族紧张局势和犯罪 |
地方特定(place-specific)历史品质 | 一方面,严格保护历史悠久的城市中心,无法发展现代设施,迫使大型办公活动搬迁;另一方面,繁荣的城市中心仍保有吸引力 | 城市中心重建对就业/经济活动分散和郊区发展模式影响甚微 |
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