城市就业多中心化相关研究进展与述评

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Employment distribution is one of the key components of urban structure. Employment polycentricity is currently becoming a global phenomenon, leading the paradigm change of urban structure research around the world. However, this topic is covered by relatively few studies in China. Therefore, by browsing a large number of relevant publications, this article presented its research progress in order to provide a reference for studies on employment polycentricity in China. First, this article briefly introduced the geographical patterns and process of urban employment concentration/decentralization and polycentricity, focusing on reviewing the current consensus and debates, as well as dynamics and growth trends of employment centers. Second, it traced the mechanism of urban employment decentralization and its evolving polycentric patterns from different theoretical perspectives, with particular attention to the predominant forces on the formation of polycentricity through the lens of spatial political economy, especially interactions between the institutional factors of urban planning and governance and the market. Finally, the article summarized the consequences of employment polycentricity from two aspects: the impact on urban spatial features and on urban commuting. The evolution of urban employment polycentricity provides a unique view for us to understand the growth logic of urban space, which is significant for the policy making of urban transformation and spatial reconstruction of Chinese cities.

Key words: employment polycentricity, urban spatial structure, process and patterns, spatial outcomes

WANG Hui, YUAN Feng. A review of urban employment polycentricity research[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(6): 1053-1067.

Figures/Tables 3

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市场属性	欧洲类型	北美类型
土地价值及其开发地理约束	土地丰富;土地开发成本高;土地价值高;住宅扩张温和;密集而紧凑的开发模式	土地丰富;土地开发成本较高;土地价值较高;住宅蔓延式扩张;城市增长边界的有限尝试
人口和经济增长	低人口增长率;高福利水平;较高机动化率;较高能源成本	高人口增长率;高生活水平;高机动化率;低能源成本
技术变革	快速机动化起步于第二次世界大战后,公共交通更丰富;通信/数字技术晚于北美	快速机动化起步于第一次世界大战前,严重的汽车依赖;通信/数字技术较早普及
房地产市场竞争性和分散性	少数几家大型开发商主导,绝大多数的中小开发商主导	商界与地方领导人之间联系紧密
社会—种族多样性与意识形态	价值观有相当广泛共识,易于接受干预经济/就业活动区位的公共政策	经常困扰大都市核心地区的种族紧张局势和犯罪
地方特定(place-specific)历史品质	一方面,严格保护历史悠久的城市中心,无法发展现代设施,迫使大型办公活动搬迁;另一方面,繁荣的城市中心仍保有吸引力	城市中心重建对就业/经济活动分散和郊区发展模式影响甚微

A review of urban employment polycentricity research

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