海岸沙丘系统脆弱性评价研究进展与展望

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.12.012

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important aspect of coastal dune system research, the vulnerability assessment of coastal dune systems not only reveals the basic characteristics of the vulnerability of coastal dune systems, but also provides some references for the protection and utilization of coastal dunes, and has received extensive attention recently. Based on the review of relevant concepts, development process, evaluation indicator system, and technical methods of the vulnerability assessment of coastal dune systems in China and internationally, this article summarized the main progress in deepening the concept connotation, improving the evaluation indicator system, identifying vulnerability factors, optimizing technical methods, and applying assessment results. It also identified that there are still some deficiencies in the current research, such as the lack of consensus on the definition of concepts, controversy in developing the indicator system, limitations in the assessment methods, and the lack of very strong theoretical basis. Therefore, the research of vulnerability assessment of coastal dune systems in the future should focus on clarifying the concept of vulnerability of coastal dune systems, improving the indicator system and assessment methods, strengthening the mechanism research, and predicting the development trend of vulnerability.

Key words: coastal dune systems, vulnerability, assessment, progress, prospect

FU Jingjing, DONG Yuxiang. Progress and prospect of vulnerability assessment research of coastal dune systems[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(12): 2130-2139.

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子系统	指标
研究地点和沙丘形态	风区长度、沙丘面积、沙丘海岸长度、沙丘带宽度、沙丘最大高程、如有沙脊则主要沙脊的数量/若沙丘贴附在斜坡上则斜坡的坡度/若沙丘位于海崖上则海崖的高度、湿润丘间低地占地率、前丘沙粒粒径
海滩状况	潮间带宽度、沉积物供应量、砾石覆盖度、海洋侵蚀作用形成的陡坎与前丘的长度比、陡坎与前丘的高度比、沙丘向海侧缺口(包括自然及人为)的数量、沙丘向海侧缺口的宽度、海滩上潮汐垃圾(如海藻等)的数量、沙丘表面与平均大潮高潮线之间的植被滞积作用
沙丘系统向海200 m的地表特征	无植被覆盖度、风蚀坑占地率、沙丘系统向内陆的输沙量、咸水入侵沙丘的情况、向海侧雏形沙丘与前丘的面积比、雏形沙丘及其缺口的面积比、沙丘向海侧的植被覆盖度、植被长势、不透水面覆盖度、多年海滩前缘的侵蚀情况、多年植被覆盖度变化率、采沙场遗迹面积
利用压力	游客压力、交通便利程度、沙丘上的驾驶活动、骑马活动、路网密度、道路深入程度、商业露营、个人露营、建房、海滩所有者数量、海滩主要所有者/管理人员归属机构、商业/任意采沙、放牧、兔子数量
沙丘系统近期的保护措施	监控与维护、沙丘保护区占地率、限制泊车、限制骑马、限制沙丘上的驾驶行为、道路管理、沙障、活动沙丘上的植被覆盖度、沙丘保护宣传措施、海岸防护工程、立法保护情况

子系统	指标
沙丘侵蚀	海洋侵蚀作用形成的陡坎与前丘的长度比、陡坎与前丘的高度比、近期的越浪情况、向海侧活动侵蚀缺口与前丘的面积比、活动风蚀坑与前丘的面积比、沙丘系统向内陆的输沙量
输沙情况	向海侧雏形沙丘与前丘的面积比、雏形沙丘及其缺口的面积比、雏形沙丘上的越浪情况、雏形沙丘及其风蚀坑的面积比
植被截沙能力	植被覆盖度、植被受损比例
沙丘利用造成的退化	路网密度、道路深入程度、沙丘上的驾驶活动、沙丘上的骑马活动、露营导致的沙丘破坏、建房、采沙、渔业生产、体育活动(如高尔夫等)
沙丘的管理和保护	沙丘保护宣传措施、道路管理、沙丘保护区占地率、限制沙丘上的驾驶行为、限制骑马、限制露营、限制建房、限制采沙、限制渔业生产、沙障、活动沙丘上的植被覆盖度、海滩—沙丘补沙、海岸防护工程
风沙运动障碍	灌丛覆盖度、林地覆盖度、农业用地占地率、城镇分散区占地率、城镇密集区占地率、露营情况、道路建设
旅游吸引力	住宿条件、交通便捷程度、休闲旅游设施、海滨休闲活动发展水平

特征	I类	II类	III类
植物生命周期	冬季一年生	多年生	多年生或夏季一年生
冠层高度	≤15 cm	中等	>15 cm
根系结构	浅根系	深根系	深根系
叶片对沿海环境胁迫的适应性	无	有	有
抗高强度沙埋的能力	无	无	有
透过海水传播的能力	无	无	有

评价指标体系	子系统	指标个数	优缺点
传统评价指标体系	研究地点和沙丘形态、海滩状况、沙丘系统向海200 m的地表特征、利用压力、沙丘系统近期的保护措施	54	优点：能够揭示海岸沙丘系统脆弱性与沙丘保护措施间的平衡关系缺点：在脆弱性指标上对植被状况、海洋影响考虑不够,缺少自然环境变化压力相关指标,指标赋权的科学性不足,定性指标的判定标准较为笼统
弹性评价指标体系	沙丘侵蚀、输沙情况、植被截沙能力、沙丘利用造成的退化、沙丘的管理保护、风沙运动障碍、旅游吸引力	45	优点：评价指标易于评判,能够实现海岸沙丘系统脆弱性的快速评估缺点：指标多以定性为主,其判定较为主观,对海岸沙丘影响因子考虑不够全面,指标赋权的科学性不足,海岸沙丘系统脆弱性分类不明晰
GAVAM评价指标体系	地貌条件、风沙活动影响、植被状况、人为影响、海洋影响	53	优点：较为系统地考虑了海岸沙丘影响因子,指标构成较为合理缺点：未关注海岸沙丘系统的保护情况,指标赋权的科学性不足,部分定性指标缺乏明确的测度方法

Progress and prospect of vulnerability assessment research of coastal dune systems

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