居住迁移背景下邻里环境对幸福感的影响——不同生命历程阶段的差异

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.08.008

Abstract

Abstract:

As the basic daily living space of urban residents, neighborhood has an important impact on people's life. Especially in recent years, with the common occurrence of residential mobility, the relationship between neighborhood environment and residents' subjective well-being has become more complicated. People's preference and choice of neighborhood environment are affected by the stage of their life courses. However, there exist few studies that explored the relationship between neighborhood environment and subjective well-being in different life course stages. Using the survey data collected in Guangzhou City, China, this study selected the samples with residential mobility behaviors in different life course stages, and constructed models according to the life course stages. The results show that the impact of the neighborhood environment on residents' subjective well-being is different in people of different life course stages. The cleanliness of the neighborhood public environment is more helpful for improving the subjective well-being of early youth, the harmony of the neighborhood relationship is more helpful for improving the subjective well-being of elderly residents, and the convenience of access to facilities can effectively improve subjective well-being throughout the life course. Residential mobility moderates the relationship between neighborhood environment and subjective well-being, especially in middle-aged and old age population. With the increase of residential time since the last move, the relationship between perceived neighborhood environment and subjective well-being is strengthened, while the impact of objective neighborhood environment is weakened. The improvement of neighborhood environment can more effectively improve the subjective well-being of short-distance migration residents.

Key words: neighborhood environment, subjective well-being, life course, residential mobility, Guangzhou City

SU Lingling, ZHOU Suhong. Impacts of neighborhood environment on subjective well-being under the background of residential mobility: Difference in people of different life course stages[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(8): 1344-1354.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Definition and description of variables

类别	变量	定义
被解释变量	幸福感	满意度(5分制,1~5分表示不满意到非常满意)和开心频率5分制,1~5分表示从不到总是)
解释变量	感知邻里环境
	安全性	感知的邻里安全程度
	整洁性	空气、噪音、卫生、绿化等状况
	便利性	邻里超市、菜市场、学校、医院、交通等日常生活设施的便利程度
	和睦性	邻里互助程度
	客观邻里环境
	人口密度	邻里常住人口/邻里区面积(万人/km²)(标准化)
	NDVI	缓冲区内NDVI值(标准化)
	路网密度	缓冲区内干道长度/缓冲区面积(标准化)
	POI混合度	POI的混合状况 $为 - ∑ p k, i ln (p k, i) / ln (K i)$ ,式中：K_i表示社区i缓冲区内的POI类型数量, $p k, i$ 表示社区i的缓冲区内第k类POI占总POI的比重(标准化)
调节变量	居住迁移时长	距离居住迁移发生的时间长度(a)
	居住迁移距离	居住迁移前后居住地的直线距离(km)
个体属性变量	性别	女=1,男=0
	教育水平	初中及以下
		高中
		大学及以上
	月收入	2999元及以下
		3000~4999元
		5000~7999元
		8000~9999元
		10000元及以上
	自评健康	对自身的健康状况打分(5分制,1~5分表示不健康到非常健康)
	户口类型	广州户口=1,否则为0

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig.2

Tab.5

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社区类型	特征	典型社区	调研样本/本文研究样本
中产阶级社区	商品房价格居中,居民多为专业技术人员,收入水平较高	晓港湾社区、苏庄社区	810/295
功能混合旧城社区	集中在老城区,住房老化,公有住房和商服程度高	晓园东社区、昌乐园社区	1256/215
外来人口社区	主要分布在城市中心区周边,以外来人口为主	寺右社区、绿荷社区	332/97
廉租房社区	保障性住房,租金低,人均收入水平低	新庄社区、棠德北社区	317/54
经济适用房社区	经济适用房集中,房价较低	积德社区、泽德社区	157/23
高级住宅区	住房条件好,居民收入水平高	逸景翠园社区、穗东社区	105/21
农村社区	主要分布在近郊和远郊区,自建房集中,户均人数多	双岗村社区、永兴村社区	70/7

个体属性特征		青年早期(18~28岁)		青年晚期(29~44岁)		中年期(45~59岁)		老年期(60岁以上)
个体属性特征		样本数/个	占比/%	样本数/个	占比/%	样本数/个	占比/%	样本数/个	占比/%
性别	男	90	44.6	96	48.7	50	44.6	118	58.7
	女	112	55.4	101	51.3	62	55.4	83	41.3
教育水平	初中及以下	5	2.5	9	4.6	25	22.3	155	77.1
	高中	36	17.8	44	22.3	63	56.3	38	18.9
	大学及以上	161	79.7	144	73.1	24	21.4	8	4.0
月收入	2999元及以下	6	3.0	2	1.0	9	8.0	69	34.3
	3000~4999元	91	45.0	44	22.3	49	43.8	105	52.2
	5000~7999元	86	42.6	105	53.3	39	34.8	23	11.4
	8000~9999元	13	6.4	19	9.6	4	3.6	3	1.5
	10000元及以上	6	3.0	27	13.7	11	9.8	1	0.5
户口类型	本地户口	116	57.4	132	67.0	82	73.2	159	79.1
	外地户口	86	42.6	65	33.0	30	26.8	42	20.9
样本总数		202		197		112		201

变量	青年早期(18~28岁)		青年晚期(29~44岁)		中年期(45~59岁)		老年期(60岁以上)
变量	系数β	标准误	系数β	标准误	系数β	标准误	系数β	标准误
个体属性变量
性别	-0.065	0.148	0.114	0.154	0.144	0.229	-0.266^*	0.142
教育水平	0.260^**	0.104	0.190^**	0.095	0.086	0.135	-0.022	0.102
户口类型	0.237	0.154	-0.027	0.166	0.034	0.258	0.348^*	0.181
月收入	0.226^***	0.073	0.361^***	0.077	0.456^***	0.126	-0.119	0.102
自评健康	-0.061	0.139	0.135	0.135	0.281^*	0.147	0.293^***	0.091
感知邻里环境
安全性	0.107	0.131	-0.136	0.118	0.189	0.74	0.092	0.093
整洁性	0.518^***	0.088	-0.147	0.128	-0.192	0.181	0.141	0.093
便利性	0.250^**	0.114	0.229^**	0.095	0.345^***	0.11 0	0.417^***	0.101
和睦性	0.120	0.121	0.114	0.107	0.134	0.162	0.416^***	0.081
客观邻里环境
NDVI	0.199^**	0.085	0.201^**	0.091	0.017	0.071	-0.079	0.076
人口密度	-0.065	0.088	0.086	0.085	-0.070	0.123	0.039	0.074
路网密度	-0.177^**	0.082	-0.310^***	0.085	-0.300^**	0.122	-0.067	0.074
POI混合度	-0.071	0.079	0.538^***	0.095	0.327^***	0.108	0.134^*	0.075

变量	青年早期(18~28岁)		青年晚期(29~44岁)		中年期(45~59岁)		老年期(60岁以上)
变量	系数β	标准误	系数β	标准误	系数β	标准误	系数β	标准误
感知邻里环境
安全性×迁移时长
整洁性×迁移时长
便利性×迁移时长	0.091^*	0.056	0.094^*	0.052	0.097^*	0.053	0.157^**	0.071
和睦性×迁移时长							0.164^**	0.078
安全性×迁移距离
整洁性×迁移距离
便利性×迁移距离					-0.038^**	0.018	-0.032^***	0.008
和睦性×迁移距离							-0.016^**	0.006
客观邻里环境
NDVI×迁移时长
人口密度×迁移时长
路网密度×迁移时长					0.127^**	0.052
POI混合度×迁移时长					-0.106^*	0.069	-0.087^*	0.049
NDVI×迁移距离	-0.001^*	0.001
人口密度×迁移距离
路网密度×迁移距离
POI混合度×迁移距离

Impacts of neighborhood environment on subjective well-being under the background of residential mobility: Difference in people of different life course stages

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