节能减排约束下中国省域旅游生态效率评估及空间格局研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.08.003

Abstract

Abstract:

The study on the evaluation and spatial pattern of tourism eco-efficiency is an important basis for revealing the quality and state of tourism development at the provincial level in China. Based on a bottom-up approach to calculate tourism energy consumption and carbon emissions at the provincial level in China, this study used the Super-SBM (slacks-based measure) model, Malmquist index, and exploratory spatial data analysis to explore the spatial differentiation, convergence, and correlation patterns of tourism eco-efficiency at the provincial level in China in the context of energy conservation and emission reduction. The results show that: 1) Tourism energy consumption and carbon emissions generally show an inverted U-shaped trend that first increases and then decreases, which supports the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. 2) The overall tourism eco-efficiency shows a fluctuating growth trend, and has great growth potential. Pure technical efficiency drives the optimized development of eco-efficiency. 3) At the provincial and regional scales, tourism eco-efficiency presents a spatial differentiation pattern, but tends to convergence and reach balanced development. 4) Tourism eco-efficiency presents a positive spatial correlation pattern from strong to weak, and its development model is dominated by low-low agglomeration, followed by low-high agglomeration, and the spatial agglomeration model needs to be optimized. All provinces and regions should take the areas with higher eco-efficiency as the benchmark, and realize the coordinated development of tourism with high quality by means of factor flow, scale effect, technological progress, and environmental regulation.

Key words: tourism eco-efficiency evaluation, spatial differentiation, spatial convergence, spatial correlation, energy conservation and emission reduction, provinces of China

GUO Lijia, LI Chang, PENG Hongsong, ZHONG Shi'en, ZHANG Jinhe, YU Hu. Tourism eco-efficiency at the provincial level in China in the context of energy conservation and emission reduction[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(8): 1284-1297.

Figures/Tables 10

Tab.1

Fig.1

Tab.2

Tourism eco-efficiency at Chinese provincial level in the context of energy conservation and carbon emission reduction, 2000-2017

省区	2000年	2002年	2004年	2006年	2008年	2010年	2012年	2014年	2016年	2017年
北京	0.322	0.409	0.250	0.337	0.310	0.262	0.230	0.256	0.235	0.237
天津	1.402	1.393	1.455	1.374	1.290	1.287	1.294	1.245	1.149	1.096
河北	0.345	0.285	0.185	0.203	0.141	0.242	0.203	0.270	0.397	0.463
山西	0.153	0.149	0.094	0.247	0.284	0.335	0.363	0.522	0.760	1.188
内蒙古	0.147	0.221	0.215	0.325	0.423	0.436	0.352	0.464	0.576	0.598
辽宁	0.130	0.319	0.170	0.260	0.388	0.543	0.524	0.627	0.363	0.431
吉林	0.087	0.198	0.158	0.221	0.256	0.305	0.354	0.508	0.682	1.030
黑龙江	0.272	0.288	0.231	0.271	0.371	0.444	0.414	0.267	0.312	0.320
上海	1.598	1.479	1.564	1.551	1.505	1.563	1.588	1.468	1.444	1.449
江苏	0.547	0.690	0.444	1.006	1.068	1.019	0.582	0.667	0.582	0.582
浙江	0.468	1.059	1.012	1.130	1.194	0.569	0.398	0.547	0.468	0.482
安徽	0.188	0.206	0.156	0.213	0.301	0.311	0.457	0.433	0.503	0.543
福建	0.342	0.509	0.414	0.569	0.417	0.314	0.275	0.314	0.371	0.432
江西	0.420	0.390	0.221	0.259	0.218	0.242	0.275	0.371	0.585	0.742
山东	0.287	0.365	0.303	0.373	0.463	0.495	0.440	0.539	0.586	0.455
河南	1.382	1.096	0.365	1.022	0.481	0.490	0.491	0.515	0.437	0.411
湖北	0.365	0.436	0.259	0.292	0.294	0.461	0.479	1.015	0.422	0.407
湖南	0.272	0.329	0.282	0.279	0.312	0.305	0.303	0.318	0.343	0.513
广东	1.057	1.131	1.031	1.055	0.439	0.388	0.442	0.732	1.021	0.727
广西	0.220	0.328	0.237	0.207	0.218	0.298	0.359	1.008	1.009	0.647
海南	0.173	0.195	0.136	0.136	0.150	0.148	0.150	0.179	0.133	0.161
重庆	0.068	0.445	0.257	0.182	0.272	0.322	0.318	0.355	0.367	0.428
四川	0.206	0.273	0.172	0.245	0.233	0.303	0.358	0.445	0.587	0.580
贵州	0.336	1.039	1.048	0.075	0.434	0.423	0.501	1.002	1.027	1.067
云南	0.313	0.333	0.181	0.170	0.171	0.216	0.223	0.231	0.371	0.520
陕西	0.282	0.233	0.210	0.244	0.251	0.274	0.314	0.350	0.408	0.444
甘肃	0.063	0.058	0.061	0.065	0.071	0.088	0.120	0.154	0.182	0.211
青海	0.114	0.116	0.082	0.105	0.083	0.077	0.099	0.113	0.143	0.109
宁夏	0.133	0.080	0.050	0.077	0.073	0.089	0.074	0.084	0.088	0.102
新疆	0.122	0.148	0.104	0.108	0.096	0.091	0.110	0.092	0.149	0.178
均值	0.394	0.473	0.378	0.420	0.407	0.411	0.403	0.503	0.523	0.552
标准差	0.410	0.399	0.407	0.414	0.367	0.334	0.315	0.345	0.328	0.330

Tab.2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Tab.3

Tab.4

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指标类别	指标内涵	指标表征
投入指标	旅游资源投入	省域旅游资源禀赋(分)
	旅游劳动力投入	省域旅游从业人数(人)
	旅游资本投入	省域旅游固定资产净值(亿元)
	旅游能源消耗	省域旅游能源消耗(PJ)
期望产出指标	旅游经济收入	省域旅游总收入(亿元)
非期望产出指标	旅游碳排放	省域旅游碳排放(万t)

指标	2000年	2001年	2002年	2003年	2004年	2005年	2006年	2007年	2008年
Moran's I	0.080	0.101	0.174	0.088	0.134	0.171	0.307	0.329	0.398
Z值	1.047	1.194	1.750	1.109	1.473	1.767	2.826	2.994	3.634
P值	0.139	0.110	0.050^**	0.138	0.078^*	0.052^*	0.015^**	0.008^***	0.004^***
指标	2009年	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年
Moran's I	0.374	0.257	0.209	0.058	0.022	0.032	0.063	0.025	-0.007
Z值	3.440	2.553	2.153	0.876	0.545	0.570	0.811	0.485	0.236
P值	0.006^***	0.018^**	0.034^**	0.152	0.241	0.274	0.197	0.299	0.372

年份	高—高集聚模式	低—高集聚模式	低—低集聚模式	高—低集聚模式
2000	江苏、浙江、江西、上海	北京、山西、山东、河北、安徽、湖北、湖南、福建、广西、海南	黑龙江、内蒙古、吉林、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、青海、陕西、四川、贵州、重庆、云南、辽宁	河南、广东、天津
2006	江苏、浙江、福建、上海	北京、山西、山东、河北、安徽、江西、海南	黑龙江、内蒙古、吉林、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、青海、陕西、湖北、四川、贵州、重庆、湖南、云南、广西、辽宁	河南、广东、天津
2011	山东、江苏、浙江、上海	北京、河北、安徽、海南	黑龙江、内蒙古、吉林、新疆、山西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、陕西、四川、重庆、江西、湖南、云南、福建、广西	河南、湖北、贵州、广东、天津、辽宁
2017	江苏、广西、广东	黑龙江、北京、河北、河南、浙江、重庆、湖南、云南、福建、辽宁、海南	新疆、山东、甘肃、宁夏、青海、陕西、安徽、湖北	内蒙古、吉林、山西、四川、贵州、江西、天津、上海

Tourism eco-efficiency at the provincial level in China in the context of energy conservation and emission reduction

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