PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 1246-1256.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.07.014
• Reviews • Previous Articles
HOU Xuefeng1,2(), TAO Wei1,2,*(
)
Received:
2020-10-20
Revised:
2020-12-28
Online:
2021-07-28
Published:
2021-09-28
Contact:
TAO Wei
E-mail:hxuefeng58@yeah.net;748954219@qq.com
Supported by:
HOU Xuefeng, TAO Wei. Construction and criticism: The progress and implication of Western border research after World War II[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(7): 1246-1256.
Tab.1
Development stage and characteristics of Western border research
时间 | 边界内涵 | 边界特征 | 代表事件或人物 | 主要观点 |
---|---|---|---|---|
16—17世纪 | 模糊边界转向清晰边界 | 现代民族国家的诞生,国家与国家之间开始划定边界从而进行国家内部治理 | 威斯特伐利亚条约 | 国家之间有明确的政治边界划分 |
18—19世纪 | 自然边界转向人为边界 | 边界本身并不是完全的自然现象,随政治、经济和社会环境的变化出现普遍的边界空间 | 拉采尔(F. Ratzel) | 边界被视为生存空间斗争而形成的流动和动态的结果 |
20世纪初至 20世纪80年代 | 边界的分类体系及描述 | 边界分离国家现代化进程且是被动的领土标记 | 哈特向(R. Hartshorne) | 边界地理位置的经验描述比边界的划定更重要 |
20世纪90年代 以来 | 边界的社会建构 | 边界是流动、混杂的、多样的、高度动态的过渡区域 | 帕西(A. Paasi) | 边界、区域甚至民族国家都不是固定的,它们都受到社会、文化的影响 |
Tab.3
The main terminology of border research
主要术语 | 主要内容 | 代表作 |
---|---|---|
复杂的边界 | 表征为政治边界,以国家机器、民族主义等意识形态实践、民族认同叙事为主要表现形式,边界、符号和制度结合形成领土的制度化 | Paasi[ |
关系的边界 | 领土与身份不再是固化关系,导致跨越边界的个人或组织与权力机关的边界控制发生矛盾和冲突,从而衍生多种多样的边界景观 | Rumford[ |
过程的边界 | 边界有一套固定的规则并执行相应的管理职能,随着政治、经济的不断变化,边界建立的制度化和边界管理的永久化会被瓦解和更新 | Newman[ |
过渡区的边界 | 边界是相对模糊且没有明确的界限,边界两边是混合的存在,过渡区边界促使边界变成了一个接触的空间,差异和威胁得以降低 | Perkmann等[ |
建构的边界 | 不同行动者为自身利益建构了边界,权力精英可以对社会群体进行排序、分级、管理和控制,普通大众围绕边界进行日常生活实践 | Paasi[ |
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