制度对城市都市区制造业空间演变的影响——以长沙市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.07.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Since the economic reform and opening up in the late 1970s, with the continuous deepening of institutional change, manufacturing industry in Changsha City has achieved rapid growth and development, and manufacturing space has also been reconstructed in the transformation. Taking Changsha City as an example, based on a quantitative analysis of industrial land vector data, and using spatial analysis, measurement index, and other research methods and incorporating the institutional changes into the dynamic analysis of urban manufacturing industry, this study explored the influence of institutional changes on the spatial evolution of manufacturing industry since the reform and opening up in 1978. It proposed an analytical framework for the evolution of manufacturing space under the influence of the institutional system. The results show that the suburbanization of the manufacturing space in the Changsha metropolitan area was obvious, and industrial clusters have been formed in the development zone. The spatial evolution of manufacturing industry in Changsha was largely affected by land policies, development zone policies, environmental protection policies, and industrial policies. Among them, the land policies accelerated the suburbanization of manufacturing space; the development zone policies attracted agglomeration of manufacturing industrial parks; the environmental protection policies restricted the scale of manufacturing development and promoted the outward migration of polluting enterprises; and the industrial policies affected the organizational structure of the manufacturing industry.

Key words: reform and opening up, institutional system, manufacturing space, industrial agglomeration, metropolitan area, Changsha

LUO Chen, ZHENG Bohong, LIU Linlin. The influence of institution on the spatial evolution of manufacturing industry in metropolitan areas: A case study of Changsha City[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(7): 1167-1180.

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时代	时期	时期概述	发展情况
开埠至新中国成立前	1904—1948年	半殖民地半封建社会下,制造业空间自发发展	制造业空间以自发增量扩张为主导
新中国成立至改革开放	1949—1978年	社会主义工业化建设,制造业用地快速扩展	政府推动制造业用地在城市中心区快速扩展
社会主义现代化建设期	1979—1990年	长沙开始编制总规,约束制造业用地布局	制造业用地存量更新萌芽
土地使用制度改革后	1991—2003年	土地税收体系建立,推动制造业郊区化	制造业由城市中心区向外郊区迁移
开发区全面整顿期	2004—2011年	长沙开始清算整顿开发区,促进制造业空间整合	制造业空间调整、整合发展
“五化一率先”发展时期	2012—2014年	长沙全面推进新型工业化发展,优化制造业空间布局	新型制造业空间涌现
制造强国建设期	2015—2019年	新工业革命兴起,制造强国战略提出,制造业空间快速发展	制造业空间重塑,进一步集聚集群发展

年份	制造业用地拓展方向
1979	Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ
1990	Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ
2003	Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ
2011	Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ
2014	Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ
2019	Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅶ

集聚区	主要工业园区	主导产业
西北部制造业集聚区	长沙高新技术开发区、望城经济技术开发区	先进制造业、电子信息、节能环保与新能源、食品加工、生物医药、有色金属深加工
东部制造业集聚区	长沙经济技术开发区、隆平高科技园	工程机械、汽车及零部件、电子信息、节能环保、生物技术、新能源
南部制造业集聚区	雨花经济开发区、天心经济开发区、暮云经济开发区	电器、食品、服装、环保、工程机械、汽车及零部件

政策类型	优惠方式	政策案例
用地优惠政策	给予用地价格优惠,调整土地支付方式等	长沙市经开区对重点引进工业企业项目实行土地出让底价按长沙市工业用地出让最低限价标准的70%执行
税收减免政策	给予企业不同期限的所得税、增值税、营业税等税务的优惠和减免	长沙高新区对经认定、注册后的企业可享受减免15%的税率征收企业所得税;开发新技术、新产品、新工艺产生的研究开发费用,按规定减免产品税、增值税等
无偿拨款政策	设立专项资金,对于满足条件的企业进行无偿补贴	长沙经开区对符合能耗标准的重点先进制造业企业按企业年度工业产值给予相应的电费补贴
金融扶持政策	给予融资优惠、落户和场地补贴、产业基金投资等	长沙高新区出台《长沙高新区科技金融信贷风险补偿资金管理办法》《长沙高新区支持中小微企业开展债务性融资实施办法》等政策,覆盖企业全周期的金融支持
人才引进政策	通过给予户口、住房、津贴等一系列奖励措施,为企业引进和保留人才	长沙高新区出台《长沙高新区引进高层次人才五年行动计划(2012—2016年)实施办法》,给予优先供地、厂房代建、项目启动资金提标、人才基金优先支持等优惠

The influence of institution on the spatial evolution of manufacturing industry in metropolitan areas: A case study of Changsha City

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