城市公交车微环境对乘客舒适度的非线性影响

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.06.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Buses play an important role in the daily travel of urban residents. Bus micro-environmental pollution and its adverse impacts on passengers' physical and psychological well-being has become an increasing concern among the general public, researchers, and policymakers. However, few studies have examined the nonlinear effects of bus micro-environments on passengers' comfort, analyzed the threshold values of multiple micro-environmental variables, and ascertained the optimal micro-environmental exposure levels for passengers. In this study, real-time monitoring data of bus micro-environments, questionnaire survey data of 520 passengers, travel characteristics, and environments outside the buses were simultaneously collected on six bus routes in Guangzhou City. Nonlinear regression models constructed by random forest were then employed to explore the relationships between bus micro-environments and passengers' comfort. The results show that in-bus temperature, relative humidity, PM_2.5 concentrations, noise, and passenger load have nonlinear effects on the comfort, but the importance and mechanism of each micro-environmental variable in influencing comfort is different. Passengers have a higher degree of comfort when in-bus temperature is 23.5-28.0 ℃, relative humidity is 45%-58%, PM_2.5 concentrations are lower than 28 μg/m3, noise level is lower than 75 dB, and passenger load is 8-26 persons. Also, there are some differences between the optimal micro-environmental exposure levels identified in this study and current environmental standards. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for policymakers, transportation planners, and bus operators when improving bus micro-environments and promoting passengers' comfort.

Key words: micro-space, micro-environmental exposure, comfort, nonlinear effect, random forest, buses, Guangzhou City

ZHANG Lin, ZHOU Suhong, KWAN Mei-Po, CHEN Fei. Nonlinear effects of bus micro-environments on passengers’ comfort[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(6): 967-979.

Figures/Tables 7

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变量			变化范围	平均值或百分比
公交车微环境	温度/℃		21.8~34.8	28.7
	相对湿度/%		31~66	45
	PM_2.5浓度/(μg/m³)		4.57~82.68	23.68
	噪声/dB		54.4~80.9	71.8
	载客量/人		3~58	20
舒适度			9~30	26.77
个体属性	性别	女		50.38%
		男		49.62%
	年龄	19~44岁		67.31%
		45~59岁		24.04%
		≥60岁		8.65%
	乘车情绪		7~25	23.10
出行特征	从上一活动地点至公交车站的步行时长/min		0~33	7
	候车时长/min		0~20	7
	乘车时长/min		7~111	29
	座位使用	有座位		88.65%
		站立		11.35%
	车速/道路拥堵程度		1~3	2.72
公交车外部环境	公交车外部温度/℃		27.0~35.0	31.0
	公交车外部PM_2.5浓度/(μg/m³)		6.00~25.00	16.36

变量		IncMSE/%
公交车微环境	温度	6.34
	相对湿度	4.93
	PM_2.5浓度	7.22
	噪声	3.82
	载客量	1.95
个体属性	性别	1.38
	年龄	3.15
	乘车情绪	45.89
出行特征	从上一活动地点至公交车站的步行时长	0.99
	候车时长	1.15
	乘车时长	10.06
	座位使用	2.07
	车速/道路拥堵程度	0.13
公交车外部环境	公交车外部温度	1.42
	公交车外部PM_2.5浓度	2.10

公交车微环境	保持良好舒适度的公交微环境水平	现行有关环境标准
温度/℃	23.5~28.0	22~28
相对湿度/%	45~58	40~80
PM_2.5浓度/(μg/m³)	＜28	＜75
噪声/dB	＜75	＜84
载客量/人	8~26	—

Nonlinear effects of bus micro-environments on passengers’ comfort

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