高速铁路对生产性服务业空间集聚的影响——以长三角城市群为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.05.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the data of 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta during 2002-2017, this study analyzed the effect of high-speed rail (HSR) on producer services from both static and dynamic perspectives using the difference-in-difference model to explore the relationship between the high-speed rail and the spatial agglomeration of producer services. The results show that: 1) The effect of HSR is strongly associated with the development level of high-speed rails, and includes the organization of passenger traffic and space-time compression. The producer services agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta has been greatly improved along HSR. According to the statistics from 2002 to 2017, HSR has actively contributed to the agglomeration of producer services, with the intensity increased during the development of high-speed rail network in the Yangtze River Delta. Temporally, the influence of HSR on producer services agglomeration can be categorized into two stages, exhibiting a lagging effect of the high-speed rail construction. 2) The effects of HSR vary for different industries, featuring significant heterogeneity. While facilitating the agglomeration of some industries among cities along HSR lines, HSR has contributed to the decentralization of other industries into cities without HSR stations. Research and design services belong to the highly-promoted type, which means that HSR promotes the agglomeration of research and design services in the cities with HSR stations. The second category is moderately-promoted type, which includes computer services and financial services. High-speed rail gears up the agglomeration of the above industries with different intensity. Energy saving and environmental protection services tend to be developed among cities without HSR stations, which is the same for transport services and productive leasing services. These three kinds of industries are classified as highly-restrained type, which has tendencies to locate in cities with no high-speed rail. The last category is the "no significance" type, containing wholesale and retail industry. 3) The impact of HSR on subcategories of industries exhibits heterogeneity across industries. From the dynamic perspective, the impacts on total producer services can be divided into two stages, corresponding to that of HSR development in the Yangtze River Delta. Besides, the dynamic effect of HSR is in accordance with its static effect on subcategories of industries.

Key words: high-speed rail, producer services, spatial agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration

TANG Zhaopei, WU Wei, LIU Weichen, LI Xiaoli. Effects of high-speed rail on the spatial agglomeration of producer services: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(5): 746-758.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1

Tab.1

Definition and measurement of variables"

变量	指标	缩写	测度方法
生产性服务业集聚指数	区位熵	$L Q ij$	$L Q ij = x ij ∑ x ij ∑ x ij ∑ ∑ x ij$ , $x ij$ 为i城市j行业的就业人数
虚拟变量	政策虚拟变量	$treate d it$	若i城市处于实验组, $treate d it$ 取1;否则为0
虚拟变量	时间虚拟变量	$yea r it$	若城市i在t′年开通高铁,t≥t′时, $yea r it = 1$ ;否则 $yea r it = 0$
控制变量	高铁发展水平	$HS R it$	$HS R it = connecte d it × train s it$ , $connecte d it$ 为i城市t年通过高铁能够直达的城市群内城市数量, $train s it$ 表示i城市与城市群内其他城市单日直达高铁班次总量
	信息化水平	$In t it$	互联网接入户数占总户数的比重
	政府干预度	$Fi n it$	财政支出占GDP的比重
	市场对外开放程度	$Fd i it$	当年实际使用外资
	市场需求	$Man u it$	第二产业产值增长率
	固定资产投资	$In v it$	人均固定资产投资
	人均收入水平	$Wag e it$	平均工资
	人口	$Pe o it$	常住人口
	交通基础设施	$Roa d it$	城市人均道路面积

Tab.1

Tab.2

DID test results of the effect of high-speed rail on the agglomeration of producer services"

变量	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5	模型6	模型7	模型8	模型9	模型10
DID	0.0252^** (2.16)	0.0243^** (2.23)	0.0296^*** (2.76)	0.0380^*** (3.46)	0.0373^*** (3.15)
DID1						0.2556^*** (4.72)	0.2588^*** (4.76)	0.1923^*** (3.92)	0.1806^*** (3.66)	0.1804^*** (3.68)
$HSR it$						0.1282^** (2.53)	0.1422^*** (2.79)	0.0711 (1.54)	0.0741 (1.62)	0.0749 (1.64)
$HSR it × treated it$						-0.1361^*** (-2.59)	-0.1412^*** (-2.69)	-0.0966^** (-2.05)	-0.0925^** (-1.97)	-0.0920^** (-1.97)
$HSR it × year it$						-0.2474^*** (-4.72)	-0.2595^*** (-4.93)	-0.1661^*** (-3.46)	-0.1614^*** (-3.38)	-0.1625^*** (-3.43)
$lnInt it$		-0.0357^* (-1.94)	-0.2100^*** (-5.78)	-0.1159^*** (-2.85)	-0.1195^*** (-2.93)		-0.0722^* (-1.95)	-0.1823^*** (-5.21)	-0.1339^*** (-3.46)	-0.1399^*** (-3.61)
$lnFin it$		-0.0499 (-1.38)	-0.0577^*** (-3.18)	-0.0221 (-1.11)	-0.0197 (-0.98)		0.0075 (0.37)	-0.0172 (-0.93)	-0.0024 (-0.12)	-0.0007 (-0.04)
$lnFdi it$			0.1400^*** (9.28)	0.1822^*** (10.39)	0.1771^*** (9.92)			0.1435^*** (9.41)	0.1642^*** (9.56)	0.1598^*** (9.23)
$lnManu it$			0.0745^*** (2.96)	0.0676^*** (2.58)	0.0747^*** (2.82)			0.0647^** (2.37)	0.0680^** (2.47)	0.0753^*** (2.73)
$lnInv it$				-0.1288^*** (-4.69)	-0.1229^*** (-4.47)				-0.0818^*** (-3.02)	-0.0738^*** (-2.73)
$lnWage it$				0.0270 (0.84)	0.0327 (1.00)				0.0318 (0.99)	0.0399 (1.24)
$lnPeo it$					0.0484 (0.68)					0.0234 (0.34)
$lnRoad it$					-0.0641^** (-2.12)					-0.0783^*** (-2.72)
$year$	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是
$city$	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是
$N$	416	416	416	416	416	416	416	416	416	416
$R 2$ (组内)	0.0309	0.0424	0.2353	0.2785	0.2876	0.1716	0.1804	0.2640	0.3009	0.3128

Tab.2

Tab.3

Dynamic effect of high-speed rail on producer services"

变量	生产性服务业总体	研发设计与其他技术服务业	信息服务业	金融服务业	运输服务业	节能与环保服务业	生产性租赁服务与商务服务业	批发与贸易经纪代理服务业
$treated i 2008 × year i 2008$	0.0095 (0.14)	-0.0449 (-0.44)	0.0188 (0.38)	-0.1188^* (-1.96)	0.0322 (0.42)	0.0374 (0.44)	0.1004 (0.75)	0.0983 (0.84)
$treated i 2009 × year i 2009$	0.0862^** (2.35)	-0.0599 (-1.11)	-0.0541^** (-2.06)	-0.0590^* (-1.82)	0.0172 (0.42)	-0.0330 (-0.72)	0.0810 (1.13)	0.1797^*** (2.87)
$treated i 2010 × year i 2010$	0.0118 (0.54)	-0.0712^** (-2.20)	-0.0243 (-1.54)	-0.0218 (-1.13)	0.0091 (0.37)	-0.0118 (-0.43)	-0.0349 (-0.81)	0.0656^* (1.75)
$treated i 2011 × year i 2011$	0.0009 (0.04)	0.0677^** (2.07)	-0.0078 (-0.49)	-0.0054 (-0.28)	0.0066 (0.26)	-0.0081 (-0.29)	-0.0236 (-0.54)	-0.0309 (-0.81)
$treated i 2012 × year i 2012$	0.0080 (0.37)	0.0701^** (2.20)	-0.0033 (-0.22)	-0.0127 (-0.66)	0.0117 (0.48)	-0.0310 (-1.15)	-0.0072 (-0.17)	-0.0508 (-1.38)
$treated i 2013 × year i 2013$	0.0192 (0.95)	0.0364 (1.22)	0.0110 (0.76)	0.0101 (0.56)	-0.0293 (-1.30)	-0.0184 (-0.73)	-0.0253 (-0.64)	0.0670^* (1.94)
$treated i 2014 × year i 2014$	0.0267^* (1.75)	0.0333^* (1.88)	0.0242^* (1.77)	0.0335^** (2.00)	-0.0529^** (-2.36)	-0.0059 (-0.23)	-0.0674^* (-1.71)	-0.0017 (-0.05)
$treated i 2015 × year i 2015$	0.0633^*** (3.31)	0.0222^** (2.00)	0.0344^** (2.49)	0.0371^** (2.09)	-0.0048^** (-2.07)	-0.0297 (-1.25)	-0.0744^** (-2.00)	0.0188 (0.58)
$treated i 2016 × year i 2016$	0.0653^*** (3.41)	0.0455^*** (2.71)	0.0383^*** (2.66)	0.0400^** (2.35)	-0.0050^*** (-2.65)	-0.0484^** (-2.02)	-0.0774^** (-2.05)	0.0379 (1.15)
$treated i 2017 × year i 2017$	0.0693^*** (3.58)	0.0481^*** (3.04)	0.0456^*** (3.35)	0.0446^*** (2.64)	-0.0100^*** (-2.88)	-0.0634^*** (-2.67)	-0.0978^*** (-2.61)	0.0483 (1.48)
$year$	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是
$city$	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是
$N$	416	416	416	416	416	416	416	416
$R 2$ (组内)	0.3212	0.3337	0.3150	0.2355	0.1640	0.2973	0.2179	0.3471

Tab.3

Tab.4

DID test results of the effect of high-speed rail on the agglomeration of subdivided producer services"

变量	研发设计与其他技术服务业	信息服务业	金融服务业	运输服务业	节能与环保服务业	生产性租赁服务与商务服务业	批发与贸易经纪代理服务业
$HSR it$	0.1546^** (2.22)	0.0587 (0.80)	0.0534 (1.22)	-0.0218 (-0.41)	-0.0885 (-1.37)	-0.2367^*** (-2.91)	0.0398 (0.49)
$year it$	-0.0520 (-1.58)	0.0471 (1.37)	-0.0761^*** (-3.69)	-0.0485^* (-1.94)	0.0144 (0.48)	-0.0368 (-0.96)	-0.0131 (-0.34)
$treated it × year it$	-0.0280 (-0.86)	-0.0647^* (-1.88)	0.0208 (1.00)	0.0415^* (1.65)	-0.0231 (-0.76)	-0.0260 (-0.68)	-0.0036 (-0.09)
$HSR it × year it$	-0.1293^* (-1.80)	-0.1440^* (-1.89)	-0.0754^* (-1.65)	0.0991^* (1.81)	0.1552^** (2.31)	0.2645^*** (3.12)	-0.1264 (-1.48)
$HSR it × treated it$	-0.1636^** (-2.57)	-0.0739 (-0.98)	-0.0803^* (-1.78)	0.0224 (0.41)	0.1256^* (1.90)	0.1945^** (2.32)	-0.0329 (-0.39)
$DID 1$	0.1799^*** (2.70)	0.1596^** (2.02)	0.1027^** (2.17)	-0.1601^*** (-2.80)	-0.1933^*** (-2.79)	-0.2238^*** (-2.69)	0.1194 (1.35)
$year$	是	是	是	是	是	是	是
$city$	是	是	是	是	是	是	是
$N$	416	416	416	416	416	416	416
$R 2$ (组内)	0.2989	0.3244	0.1901	0.1666	0.2870	0.1889	0.3037

Tab.4

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Effects of high-speed rail on the spatial agglomeration of producer services: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration

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