城市绿地对居民地方依恋的影响研究——以广州市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the dual impact of industrialization and urbanization, the built environment and social environment of local communities have changed dramatically. With the increasing pursuit of a high-quality residential environment, green space as a kind of scarce spatial resource can buffer the adverse environmental conditions and promote physical activity and social contact, and therefore exert an important influence on residents' place attachment to neighborhoods. Additionally, with the profound reform in the housing market, the heterogeneity of green space between gated neighborhoods and non-gated neighborhoods has become more prominent and attracts increasing attention. The association between green space and place attachment deserves an in-depth exploration. Using the data collected from a questionnaire survey conducted in 2015 from 23 Guangzhou neighborhoods and a multilevel linear model, this study explored the effect of urban green space on residents' place attachment, paying particular attention to the mediating role of residents' satisfaction with their living environment. The green space rate for each case neighborhood was extracted from the "Quick Bird-2" high-resolution remote sensing image data. The second focus of this study is on the difference between the gated neighborhoods and the non-gated neighborhoods with respect to the effect of urban green space. Our empirical findings suggest that: 1) Green space rate can directly enhance residents' place attachment to a neighborhood. 2) Residents' satisfaction with the living environment can mediate the relationship between green space rate and place attachment. 3) For the gated neighborhoods, residents' satisfaction with the living environment is a partial mediator—it partially explains the association between green space rate and residents' place attachment and indirectly promotes residents' place attachment. 4) For the non-gated neighborhoods, the association between green space rate and residents' place attachment can be fully explained by residents' satisfaction with the living environment. Based on these empirical results, this article suggests that the government should pay attention not only to the spatial distribution and the accessibility of green space, but also to residents' right of entering and using green space, their experience and feelings, and their subjective satisfaction with the living environment. In recent years, market forces such as the real estate developers have provided neighborhood services and resources for their residents, relieving the pressure on the government to maintain public goods and services. Through setting up boundaries, the gated neighborhoods can effectively guarantee residents' right to use green space and avoid the problem of free riding. But meanwhile, it has also enlarged the problem of inequality on green space use and therefore has led to the differences in place attachment between the gated neighborhoods and the non-gated neighborhoods. The right of using and entering green space becomes especially important—the territoriality and exclusiveness provided by the boundary of the gated neighborhoods can strongly arouse residents' sense of territory, and thus promote their place attachment. These conclusions can provide inspirations for optimizing local governments' neighborhood governance and urban planning policy. The municipal government should give priority to the vulnerable groups and reallocate public resources to improve subjective well-being and place attachment of all citizens.

Key words: green space, place attachment, satisfaction with the living environment, gated neighborhood, Guangzhou City

WU Rong, PAN Zhuolin, LI Zhigang, LIU Ye, LIU Yuqi. Effect of green space on residents’ place attachment: A case study of Guangzhou City[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(3): 441-456.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Fig.2

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig.3

Tab.5

Tab.6

Mediation effect for residents' place attachment of gated neighborhoods and non-gated neighborhoods"

变量	封闭社区						非封闭社区
	模型一		模型二		模型三		模型一		模型二		模型三
	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误
社区变量
绿地率	0.310^***	0.109	0.303^**	0.121	0.148^*	0.088	0.139^**	0.062	0.451^***	0.133	-0.064	0.070
每万人POI数量	0.297^***	0.063	0.255^***	0.086	0.157^**	0.063	0.240^**	0.107	0.178	0.138	0.142^**	0.068
人口密度	0.011	0.099	0.158^**	0.062	-0.069	0.090	0.310^***	0.108	0.101	0.137	0.240^***	0.089
邻里信任度	0.194^***	0.069	0.190^*	0.101	0.098^*	0.056	0.293	0.188	-0.065	0.215	0.314^***	0.107
个体变量
35~45岁	0.099	0.142	-0.180	0.137	0.181	0.137	0.174	0.160	-0.142	0.101	0.250^*	0.144
45岁以上	-0.010	0.218	-0.152	0.223	0.064	0.185	0.382^*	0.215	0.098	0.125	0.291^*	0.173
性别	0.033	0.100	-0.166	0.132	0.124	0.079	0.372^**	0.182	0.226^**	0.111	0.254^*	0.152
大学本科(大专)及以上	-0.068	0.158	0.010	0.177	-0.078	0.193	0.642^***	0.208	0.288	0.180	0.394^*	0.205
高中(中专)	0.107	0.124	0.063	0.137	0.080	0.088	-0.043	0.135	-0.025	0.113	-0.050	0.113
中共党员身份	0.211	0.218	0.390^**	0.180	0.003	0.199	0.389	0.253	0.237	0.180	0.261	0.249
未婚、离异或丧偶	-0.165	0.257	-0.191	0.140	-0.075	0.223	0.299	0.377	-0.355	0.283	0.513	0.317
广州户口	-0.020	0.111	-0.049	0.071	0.005	0.122	0.347	0.239	-0.005	0.155	0.381^*	0.230
家庭收入	0.441	0.284	0.194	0.272	0.351	0.346	0.593	0.391	0.025	0.139	0.458	0.326
居住时长	0.204^***	0.071	-0.100	0.091	0.255^***	0.065	0.070	0.111	0.012	0.097	0.102	0.118
房屋所有权	0.689^***	0.246	0.154	0.213	0.610^***	0.155	0.442^*	0.262	-0.146	0.179	0.411^*	0.228
社区交往人数	0.257^***	0.023	0.084^**	0.039	0.206^***	0.037	-0.069	0.125	-0.014	0.062	-0.042	0.108
中介变量
居住环境满意度					0.529^***	8.12					0.526^***	0.087
常量	-0.332^**	0.154	0.349^***	0.127	-0.514^***	0.156	-1.010^***	0.244	-0.148	0.193	-0.836^***	0.223
样本数	566		566		566		666		666		666

Tab.6

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	指标	说明
社区绿地	绿地率	社区行政面积范围内的绿地比率(%)
建成环境	人口密度	社区常住人口与其行政面积之比(万人/km²)
建成环境	每万人POI数量	社区外1000 m面要素缓冲区范围内每万人POI数量(个/万人)
社会环境	邻里信任度	各社区受访者信任度测评结果均值
封闭社区	识别特征	物理性障碍、技术性障碍、人为监控、标记警示、设计特征、自然监控和信号暗示

社区名称	区属	封闭性	绿地率/%	建成环境指标		社会环境指标
社区名称	区属	封闭性	绿地率/%	人口密度/ (万人/km²)	每万人POI数量/ (个/万人)	邻里信任度
广船社区	荔湾区	非封闭	4.9	9.12	2197	15
扬仁东社区	荔湾区	非封闭	0.0	5.54	23422	15
鹤洞社区	荔湾区	非封闭	8.5	1.82	2998	16
仁生里社区	越秀区	非封闭	0	6.86	27299	16
高第社区	越秀区	非封闭	0	30.23	4195	17
桂花岗社区	越秀区	封闭	8.1	3.93	10983	15
世昌社区	海珠区	封闭	0	9.66	12478	16
大沙社区	海珠区	非封闭	18.9	1.80	2122	19
大塘社区	海珠区	非封闭	5.1	6.63	5190	16
岳洲社区	天河区	封闭	3.4	0.19	5305	17
南富社区	天河区	封闭	21.3	1.92	2235	18
荔苑社区	天河区	封闭	6.0	2.00	10933	19
平乐社区	白云区	封闭	2.2	3.38	2282	18
石桥头社区	白云区	非封闭	0	0.84	5796	20
南航新村社区	白云区	封闭	2.0	28.91	9539	15
颐和山庄社区	白云区	封闭	56.4	1.29	3363	18
萧岗南社区	白云区	非封闭	3.2	10.75	1523	17
德安社区	番禺区	非封闭	0	4.67	6105	16
广奥社区	番禺区	封闭	10.9	4.11	3399	17
星河湾社区	番禺区	封闭	17.6	1.48	4413	18
大山村	番禺区	非封闭	13.2	3.42	2050	18
黄埔花园社区	黄埔区	封闭	0	50.00	4845	15
横沙社区	黄埔区	非封闭	44.3	0.30	4030	18
均值			9.83	8.21	6813.13	16.91
标准差			14.45	12.08	6652.69	1.47

项目	Cronbach's α	基于标准化项的Cronbach's α	指标解释(1~5分)
社区依恋	0.836	0.838	我对社区有归属感
			我对社区有情感依恋
			我喜欢社区的生活氛围
			我关注对社区的新闻和电视报道
			成为社区的一部分对我来说很重要
			我想在社区里长期住下去
			跟社区居民建立关系对我来说很重要
居住环境满意度	0.813	0.821	对社区休闲娱乐设施的满意度
			对社区绿化设施的满意度
			对社区居住环境的满意度

	总样本	封闭社区	非封闭社区		总样本	封闭社区	非封闭社区
性别				婚姻状况
男	51.6	50.6	52.5	已婚	80.4	79.2	81.7
女	48.4	49.4	47.5	未婚、离异或丧偶	19.6	20.8	18.3
政治面貌				受教育程度
中共党员	12.8	15.4	10.8	小学及以下	4.6	3.6	5.6
非中共党员	87.2	84.6	89.2	初中	25.9	18.5	32.0
在业情况				高中(中专)	34.1	34.5	33.7
在业(含临时工)	80.1	73.9	85.3	本科(大专)及以上	35.4	43.4	28.7
失业、待业或退休	17.8	22.7	13.7	家庭年总收入
在校学生	2.1	3.4	1.0	≤2.5万元	4.4	5.5	3.5
家庭类型				2.5万~5.0万元	17.7	13.3	21.4
单人家庭	5.2	6.7	3.9	5.0万~10.0万元	42.6	41.3	43.7
核心家庭	62.8	60.9	64.6	10.0万~20.0万元	20.7	24.1	17.8
直系家庭	9.2	10.1	8.4	≥20.0万元	11.7	12.3	11.2
联合家庭	1.6	0.7	2.4	拒绝回答	2.9	3.5	2.4
其他	21.2	21.6	20.7

变量	地方依恋(模型一)		居住环境满意度(模型二)		地方依恋(模型三)
变量	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误
社区变量
绿地率	0.188^***	0.069	0.471^***	0.108	-0.041	0.059
每万人POI数量	0.310^***	0.074	0.290^**	0.112	0.153^***	0.046
人口密度	0.105	0.119	0.155^**	0.077	0.030	0.109
邻里信任度	0.264^**	0.120	0.032	0.158	0.240^***	0.073
个体变量
35~45岁	0.163	0.106	-0.139	0.086	0.239^***	0.089
45岁以上	0.265^*	0.159	0.035	0.123	0.227^*	0.129
性别	0.226^*	0.117	0.043	0.096	0.206^**	0.097
大学本科大专及以上	0.304^**	0.135	0.152	0.128	0.168	0.134
高中中专	0.018	0.092	-0.011	0.082	0.014	0.075
中共党员身份	0.337^**	0.153	0.322^**	0.126	0.158	0.154
未婚、离异或丧偶	0.063	0.258	-0.249	0.169	0.199	0.225
广州户口	0.144	0.136	-0.048	0.081	0.173	0.140
家庭收入	0.413	0.317	-0.088	0.127	0.353	0.256
居住时长	0.121^*	0.064	-0.030	0.069	0.177^***	0.063
房屋所有权	0.507^***	0.195	-0.023	0.145	0.442^***	0.154
社区交往人数	0.073	0.104	0.035	0.047	0.062	0.084
中介变量
居住环境满意度					0.538^***	0.057
常量	-0.768^***	0.186	-0.010	0.146	-0.698^***	0.146
样本数	1232		1232		1232

Effect of green space on residents’ place attachment: A case study of Guangzhou City

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