基于结构方程模型的南京市就业者通勤行为特征对健康的影响研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.12.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Commuting is an issue that urban residents must face in their day-to-day work. The health problems caused by long-distance, long-time, and motorized commuting have aroused widespread concern of scholars in China and internationally. Based on the survey data of physical activity and health status of residents in eight typical communities in Nanjing City from 2017 to 2018, a structural equation model was constructed to analyze the relationship between commuting distance, commuting time, and commuting mode and their impacts on mental health, physical health, and health behavior. The research findings show that: 1) Commuting distance has a significantly positive direct effect on commuting mode and commuting time, while commuting distance has a significantly positive indirect effect on commuting time. 2) In terms of the impact on mental health, commuting distance, commuting time, and commuting mode have a significantly negative direct effect on the neighborhood relationship. At the same time, there is also a significantly negative indirect effect of commuting distance and commuting mode on the neighborhood relationship. In terms of the impact on physical health, commuting distance reduces the probability of overweight or obesity among urban residents, but increases the probability of workers choosing a motorized commuting mode, which indirectly increases the risk of chronic diseases for the commuters. In terms of the impact on health behavior, commuting distance and commuting time are significantly negative correlated with sleeping time. Commuting mode has a negative indirect impact on sleeping time. Motor vehicle commuting mode is also significantly negative correlated with housework and significantly positive correlated with walking behavior. 3) The impacts of commuting behavior characteristics on health vary depending on the socioeconomic attributes of the commuters. The commuting behavior characteristics of female, older, and lower-income workers have a more significant impact on health. Based on the results of this study, we recommend to optimize the working and living space in the city, reduce commuting time, reduce car dependence, promote active commuting to increase the physical activity of commuters, and create more favorable conditions for the commuting of special groups, thereby improve their health.

Key words: health, commuting behavior characteristics, urban residents, structural equation model (SEM), Nanjing City

CAO Chen, ZHEN Feng, WANG Xia, JIANG Yupei. Study on the influence of commuting behavior characteristics of urban residents on health in Nanjing City based on structural equation model[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(12): 2043-2053.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Tab.1

Fig.2

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

Total, direct, and indirect effects of socioeconomic attributes on commuting behavior characteristics and health"

变量名称	效应	性别	年龄	个人月收入	是否有小汽车	家庭人口结构	职业
通勤行为特征
通勤模式	总体效应	-0.075^**	0.005	0.206^***	0.161^***	0.102^***	-0.020
	直接效应	-0.075^**	0.005	0.206^***	0.161^***	0.102^***	-0.020
	间接效应	—	—	—	—	—	—
通勤时间	总体效应	0.081^**	0.046	0.056	-0.002	0.056	-0.023
	直接效应	0.067	0.045	0.016	-0.033	0.036	-0.019
	间接效应	0.014^***	0.001	0.040^***	0.031^***	0.020^***	-0.004
心理健康
浑身乏力、易疲倦	总体效应	0.072^*	0.083^**	0.042	-0.040	-0.012	-0.014
	直接效应	0.072^*	0.083^**	0.042	-0.040	-0.012	-0.014
	间接效应	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
注意力不集中、反应慢	总体效应	0.097^**	0.077^*	0.048	-0.001	-0.021	-0.003
	直接效应	0.094^**	0.076^*	0.044	-0.004	-0.023	-0.002
	间接效应	0.003	0.001	0.004	0.003	0.002	-0.001
自评健康状况	总体效应	-0.064	-0.068^*	-0.006	0.019	-0.014	0.041
	直接效应	-0.061	-0.066	-0.005	0.017	-0.012	0.040
	间接效应	-0.003	-0.002	-0.001	0.002	-0.002	0.001
邻里关系	总体效应	0.109^***	0.099^***	0.119^***	0.109^***	0.109^***	0.090^***
	直接效应	0.094^***	0.094^***	0.094^***	0.094^***	0.094^***	0.094^***
	间接效应	0.015^**	0.005	0.025^***	0.015^***	0.015^***	-0.004
身体健康
BMI	总体效应	-0.370^***	0.130^***	-0.075^*	0.038	0.024	-0.005
	直接效应	-0.368^***	0.132^***	-0.077^*	0.034	0.024	-0.006
	间接效应	-0.002	-0.002	0.002	0.004	<0.001	0.001
是否患慢性疾病	总体效应	-0.067^*	0.356^***	-0.045	-0.018	-0.005	-0.034
	直接效应	-0.077^**	0.352^***	-0.058	-0.024	-0.013	-0.032
	间接效应	0.010^*	0.004	0.013	0.006	0.008^*	-0.002
睡眠质量差	总体效应	0.089^**	0.061	0.031	-0.064	-0.027	-0.031
	直接效应	0.087^*	0.059	0.036	-0.058	-0.026	-0.030
	间接效应	0.001	0.002	-0.005	-0.006	-0.001	-0.001
健康行为
睡眠时间	总体效应	-0.050	-0.168^***	-0.008	-0.042	-0.041	0.160^***
	直接效应	-0.043	-0.163^***	-0.006	-0.045	-0.037	0.158^***
	间接效应	-0.007	-0.005	-0.002	0.003	-0.004	0.002
运动健身	总体效应	0.038	-0.008	-0.021	0.040	0.006	-0.039
	直接效应	0.036	-0.010	-0.018	0.045	0.007	-0.039
	间接效应	0.002	0.002	-0.003	-0.005	-0.001	<0.001
做家务	总体效应	0.079^**	0.244^***	-0.067	0.014	-0.105^**	0.048
	直接效应	0.083^**	0.242^***	-0.047	0.032	-0.096^**	0.047
	间接效应	-0.004	0.002	-0.020^**	-0.018^**	-0.009	0.001
散步	总体效应	-0.028	0.059	0.039	0.055	-0.077^*	0.006
	直接效应	-0.034	0.058	0.023	0.042	-0.086^**	0.008
	间接效应	0.006	0.001	0.016^*	0.013	0.009^*	-0.002

Tab.6

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变量	样本量		变量描述	变量	样本量		变量描述
变量	数量/个	比例/%	变量描述	变量	数量/个	比例/%	变量描述
性别	622	100.00	虚拟	是否有小汽车	622	100.00	虚拟
男	331	53.22	0	否	221	35.53	0
女	291	46.78	1	是	401	64.47	1
年龄	622	100.00	等级	职业	622	100.00	类别
18~29岁	175	28.14	1	机关事业单位	110	17.68	1
30~39岁	207	33.28	2	一般劳动者	100	16.08	2
40~49岁	139	22.35	3	白领	223	35.85	3
50~59岁	83	13.34	4	专业技术人员	115	18.49	4
60岁及以上	18	2.89	5	其他	74	11.90	5
个人月收入	622	100.00	等级	家庭人口结构	622	100.00	等级
低于2000元	30	4.82	1	单身	68	10.93	1
2000~4000元	115	18.49	2	两口之家	123	19.77	2
4001~6000元	134	21.54	3	三口之家	265	42.60	3
6001~8000元	96	15.43	4	四口之家	85	13.67	4
8001~10000元	94	15.11	5	五口之家	67	10.77	5
10001~15000元	77	12.38	6	六口之家	14	2.25	6
15000元以上	76	12.22	7

变量	样本		变量描述	变量	样本		变量描述
变量	数量/个	占比/%	变量描述	变量	数量/个	占比/%	变量描述
通勤行为特征				身体健康
通勤模式	622	100.00	等级	BMI^②	622	100.00	等级
积极通勤模式	192	30.87	1	体重偏瘦或正常	393	63.18	1
公共交通通勤模式	196	31.51	2	超重	185	29.74	2
机动车通勤模式	234	37.62	3	肥胖	44	7.07	3
通勤时间	622	100.00	连续	是否患慢性疾病	622	100.00	虚拟
通勤距离	622	100.00	连续	否	546	87.78	0
心理健康^①				是	76	12.22	1
浑身乏力、易疲倦	622	100.00	虚拟	睡眠质量差^③	622	100.00	虚拟
否	532	85.53	0	否	506	81.35	0
是	90	14.47	1	是	116	18.65	1
注意力不集中、反应慢	622	100.00	虚拟	健康行为
否	555	89.23	0	睡眠时间	622	100.00	连续
是	67	10.77	1	运动健身	622	100.00	虚拟
自评健康状况	622	100.00	等级	否	465	74.76	0
不好	23	3.70	1	是	157	25.24	1
一般	220	35.37	2	做家务	622	100.00	虚拟
好	296	47.59	3	否	206	33.12	0
非常好	83	13.34	4	是	416	66.88	1
邻里关系	622	100.00	等级	散步	622	100.00	虚拟
较差	11	1.77	1	否	377	60.61	0
一般	389	62.54	2	是	245	39.39	1
较好	196	31.51	3
亲近	26	4.18	4

拟合指数	参考值	模型结果
CMIN/DF	1~3	1.379
RMSEA	<0.05,良好;<0.08,可接受	0.025
GFI	>0.90	0.988
SRMR	<0.05,良好;<0.08,可接受	0.042

Study on the influence of commuting behavior characteristics of urban residents on health in Nanjing City based on structural equation model

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通勤行为特征	效应	通勤距离	通勤模式
通勤时间	总体效应	0.373^***	0.192^***
	直接效应	0.319^***	0.192^***
	间接效应	0.054^***	—
通勤模式	总体效应	0.280^***	—
	直接效应	0.280^***	—
	间接效应	—	—

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