城市中心体系研究的理论基础与分析框架

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.09.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the "economic space" perspective, theories and empirical studies regarding urban centers system have developed in isolation from each other. This study aimed at filling this gap with a synthesized theoretical framework. Based on a general survey of theoretical models, we argued that the formation and development of urban centers system are mainly determined by two mechanisms—spatial competition and spatial connection, generating the spatial organization of local and non-local services respectively. Then we characterized the urban centers as a "semi-lattice" system that any center in a tree-structure of local service centers could be linked to higher-level centers or even global cities by non-local functions such as those derived from the space of flow. After an in-depth discussion of this framework, we proposed several research implications regarding empirical studies. We argued that empirical identification of urban centers should be consistent with theoretical concepts; reflection from empirical studies should be further linked to the refinement of the framework; and the potential of planning intervention on centers and their spatial effects is the premise of spatial policies.

Key words: urban centers system, theoretical framework, spatial competition, spatial connection, semi-lattice

YAN Longxu, WANG De, ZHANG Shangwu. Theoretical foundation and framework for understanding urban centers[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(9): 1576-1586.

Figures/Tables 3

References 61

[1]	McMillen D P, Smith S C. The number of subcenters in large urban areas[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2003,53(3):321-338.
[2]	Mcdonald J F. The identification of urban employment subcenters[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 1987,21(2):242-258.
[3]	Giuliano G, Small K A. Subcenters in the Los Angeles region[J]. Regional Science & Urban Economics, 1991,21(2):163-182.
[4]	McMillen D P, Mcdonald J F. A nonparametric analysis of employment density in a polycentric city[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 1997,37(4):591-612.
[5]	Craig S G, Ng P T. Using quantile smoothing splines to identify employment subcenters in a multicentric urban area[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2001,49(1):100-120.
[6]	McMillen D P. Nonparametric employment subcenter identification[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2001,50(3):448-473.
[7]	Redfearn C L. The topography of metropolitan employment: Identifying centers of employment in a polycentric urban area[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2007,61(3):519-541.
[8]	Mcdonald J F, McMillen D P. Employment subcenters and land values in a polycentric urban area: The case of Chicago[J]. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 1990,22(12):1561-1574.
[9]	McMillen D P, Mcdonald J F. Suburban subcenters and employment density in metropolitan Chicago[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 1998,43(2):157-180.
[10]	Gordon P, Richardson H W, Wong H L. The distribution of population and employment in a polycentric city: The case of Los Angeles[J]. Environment & Planning A: Economy and Space, 1986,18(2):161-173.
[11]	Hanssens H, Derudder B, Witlox S V A F. Assessing the functional polycentricity of the mega-city-region of central belgium based on advanced producer service transaction links[J]. Regional Studies, 2014,48(12):1939-1953.
[12]	Green N. Functional polycentricity: A formal definition in terms of social network analysis[J]. Urban Studies, 2007,44(11):2077-2103.
[13]	Giuliano G, Redfearn C, Agarwal A. Employment concentrations in Los Angeles, 1980-2000[J]. Environment & Planning A: Economy and Space, 2007,39(12):2935-2957.
[14]	孙斌栋, 魏旭红. 上海都市区就业—人口空间结构演化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2014,69(6):747-758.
	[ Sun Bindong, Wei Xuhong. Spatial distribution and structure evolution of employment and population in Shanghai Metropolitan Area. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014,69(6):747-758. ]
[15]	孙斌栋, 王旭辉, 蔡寅寅. 特大城市多中心空间结构的经济绩效: 中国实证研究[J]. 城市规划, 2015(8):39-45.
	[ Sun Bindong, Wang Xuhui, Cai Yinyin. An empirical study on the economic performance of polycentric spatial structure of mega-cities in China. City Planning Review, 2015(8):39-45. ]
[16]	晏龙旭, 张尚武, 王德, 等. 上海城市生活中心体系的识别与评估[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2016(6):65-71.
	[ Yan Longxu, Zhangh Shangwu, Wang De, et al. Identification and evaluation of living centers system in Shanghai. Urban Planning Forum, 2016(6):65-71. ]
[17]	吴康敏, 张虹鸥, 王洋, 等. 广州市多类型商业中心识别与空间模式[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016,35(8):963-974.
	[ Wu Kangmin, Zhang Hong'ou, Wang Yang, et al. Identify of the multiple types of commercial center in Guangzhou and its spatial pattern. Progress in Geography, 2016,35(8):963-974. ]
[18]	毛帅永, 焦利民, 许刚, 等. 基于多源数据的武汉市多中心空间结构识别[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019,38(11):1675-1683.
	[ Mao Shuaiyong, Jiao Limin, Xu Gang, et al. Identification of the polycentric spatial structure in Wuhan City based on multisource data. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(11):1675-1683. ]
[19]	段亚明, 刘勇, 刘秀华, 等. 基于宜出行大数据的多中心空间结构分析: 以重庆主城区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019,38(12):1957-1967.
	[ Duan Yaming, Liu Yong, Liu Xiuhua, et al. Measuring polycentric urban structure using Easygo big data: A case study of Chongqing Metropolitan Area. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(12):1957-1967. ]
[20]	杨俊宴, 章飙, 史宜. 城市中心体系发展的理论框架探索[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2012(1):33-39.
	[ Yang Junyan, Zhang Biao, Shi Yi. On theoretical frameworks of urban center system development. Urban Planning Forum, 2012(1):33-39. ]
[21]	Christaller W. Central places in Southern Germany[M]. Englewood Cliffs, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1966.
[22]	Lösch A. The economics of location[M]. New York, USA: John Wiley, 1967.
[23]	Brueckner J K. The structure of urban equilibria: A unified treatment of the muth-mills model[M] // Mills E S. Handbook of regional and urban economics. Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland, 1987: 821-845.
[24]	Fujita M, Krugman P R, Venables A J. The spatial economy: Cities, regions, and international trade [M]. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press, 1999.
[25]	Fujita M, Thisse J. Economics of agglomeration: Cities, industrial location, and globalization [M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
[26]	Anas A, Kim I. General equilibrium models of polycentric urban land use with endogenous congestion and job agglomeration[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 1996,40(2):232-256.
[27]	Borukhov E, Hochman O. Optimum and market equilibrium in a model of a city without a predetemined center[J]. Environment & Planning A: Economy and Space, 2008,9(8):849-856.
[28]	McDonald J F. The identification of urban employment subcenters[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 1987,21(2):242-258.
[29]	Brueckner J K. Inter-store externalities and space allocation in shopping centers[J]. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 1993,7(1):5-16.
[30]	Cervero R, Komada Y, Krueger A. Suburban transformations: From employment centers to mixed-use activity centers [R]. Working Papers. Berkeley, USA: University of California Transportation Center, 2010.
[31]	Anas A, Small K A. Urban spatial structure[J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 1998,36(3):1426-1464.
[32]	Hotelling H. Stability in competition[M] // Darnell A C. The collected economics articles of Harold Hotelling. New York, USA: Springer, 1990: 50-63.
[33]	O'Sullivan A. Urban economics[M]. Boston, USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007.
[34]	Fujita M, Krugman P. When is the economy monocentric? von Thünen and Chamberlin unified[J]. Regional Science & Urban Economics, 1995,25(4):505-528.
[35]	Fujita M, Ogawa H. Multiple equilibria and structural transition of non-monocentric urban configurations[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1982,12(2):161-196.
[36]	保罗·克鲁格曼. 地理和贸易 [M]. 张兆杰, 译. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2000.
	[ Krugman Paul. Geography and trade. Translated by Zhang Zhaojie. Beijing, China: Peking University Press, 2000. ]
[37]	Isard W. Location and space-economy [M]. New York, USA: The Technology Press of MIT and John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1956.
[38]	Berry B J L. Geography of market centers and retail distribution[M]. Englewood, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1967.
[39]	Castells M. The rise of the network society[M]. New York, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 1996.
[40]	Taylor P J, Hoyler M, Verbruggen R. External urban relational process: Introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory[J]. Urban Studies, 2010,47(13):2803-2818.
[41]	Hall P G, Pain K. The polycentric metropolis: Learning from mega-city regions in Europe[M]. London, UK: Routledge, 2006.
[42]	Taylor P J, Catalano G, Walker D. Measurement of the world city network[J]. Urban Studies, 2002,39(13):2367-2376.
[43]	Sassen S. The global city: New York, London, Tokyo [M]. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press, 1991.
[44]	唐子来, 赵渺希. 经济全球化视角下长三角区域的城市体系演化: 关联网络和价值区段的分析方法[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2010(1):29-34.
	[ Tang Zilai, Zhao Miaoxi. Economic globalization and transformation of urban system in the Yangtze River Delta region: Interlocking network and value-added hierarchy. Urban Planning Forum, 2010(1):29-34. ]
[45]	Daniels P W. Service industries: A geographical appraisal[M]. London, UK: Routledge, 2004.
[46]	赵群毅, 周一星. 北京都市区生产者服务业的空间结构: 兼与西方主流观点的比较[J]. 城市规划, 2007(5):24-31.
	[ Zhao Qunyi, Zhou Yixing. Spatial structure of producer services in Beijing Metropolitan Area. City Planning Review, 2007(5):24-31. ]
[47]	Coffey W. The geographies of producer services[J]. Urban Geography, 2000,21(2):170-183.
[48]	Krugman P. How the economy organizes itself in space: A survey of the new economic geography [R]. Working Papers. Santa Fe, USA: Santa Fe Institute, 1996.
[49]	Wegener M, Gnad F, Vannahme M. The time scale of urban change[M] // Hutchinson B, Batty M. Advances in urban systems modelling. Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland, 1986: 175-197.
[50]	邱灵. 大都市生产性服务业空间集聚: 文献综述[J]. 经济学家, 2014(5):97-104.
	[ Qiu Ling. The spatial agglomeration of producer services in metropolitan area: A literature review. Economist, 2014(5):97-104. ]
[51]	Giuliano G A, Small K. The determinants of growth of employment subcenters[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 1999,7(3):189-201. doi: 10.1016/S0966-6923(98)00043-X
[52]	Henderson V, Mitra A. The new urban landscape: Developers and edge cities[J]. Regional Science & Urban Economics, 1996,26(6):613-643.
[53]	Sullivan A M. A general equilibrium model with agglomerative economies and decentralized employment[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 1986,20(1):55-74.
[54]	Zhang Y, Sasaki K. Effects of subcenter formation on urban spatial structure[J]. Regional Science & Urban Economics, 1997,27(3):297-324.
[55]	Alonso W. Location and land use: Toward a general theory of land rent [M]. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University Press, 1977.
[56]	Mills E S. Studies in the structure of the urban economy [M]. Baltimore, USA: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1972.
[57]	Muth R F. Cities and housing [M]. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press, 1969.
[58]	McMillen D P. Employment densities, spatial autocorrelation, and subcenters in large metropolitan areas[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 2004,44(2):225-244.
[59]	Small K A, Song S. Population and employment densities: Structure and change[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 1994,36(3):292-313.
[60]	Christopher A. A city is not a tree[J]. Architectural Forum, 1965,122(1):58-62.
[61]	Garreau J. Edge city: Life on the new frontier[J]. American Demographics, 1991,13(9):24-31.

理论/实证研究	中心的定义	代表文献
中心地理论	区域中主要起区域中心作用的聚落(settlement),是中心商品和服务的生产或供应地	[21]
区位理论	区域中的城镇、非农业企业的点状集聚地	[22]
城市经济学	城市中预设的对所有生产者具有吸引力CBD,有时甚至被设为唯一就业地	[23]
空间经济学等理论模型	区域中的城镇、制造业集聚地(制造业与农业二部门情况下)、产业集群的区位	[24]
	区域中的城镇、产业集聚区;城市中的商业集聚地	[25]
	城市中内生于居民理性经济活动而产生的居住、就业或其他活动的集聚地	[26-27]
城市尺度的实证研究	就业集聚且对周边就业或人口等要素分布有影响的区位(employment centers)	[6,28]
	商业集聚的中心(shopping centers)	[29]
	就业与公共活动集聚的中心(activity centers)	[30]

Theoretical foundation and framework for understanding urban centers

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 3

References 61

Related Articles 6

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	TANG Chenghui, MA Xueguang. Spatial pattern and structure of networked logistics connection of cities in China based on express logistics branch data [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(11): 1809-1821.
[2]	Min LIU, Shiyuan XU, Lijun HOU, Yi YANG, Limin ZHOU, Ruishan CHEN, Yanping HUANG, Shixue WU. Theory, practice and development of urban physical geography [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(1): 102-108.
[3]	Xiaoshu CAO, Tao LI, Wenyue YANG, Xiaoyan HUANG, Jiangbin YIN, Yongwei LIU, Feiwen LIANG, Wulin WANG, Miaomiao WANG, Huiling CHEN, Baixian ZHANG. Accessibility and urban spatial connections of cities in the Silk Road Economic Belt based on land transportation [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(6): 657-664.
[4]	ZHOU Guohua, PENG Jiajie. The Evolution Characteristics and Influence Effect of Spatial Conflict: A Case Study of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2012, 31(6): 717-723.
[5]	HU Zui, LIU ChunLa, DENG Yunyuan, YANG Liguo. Research Progress on Traditional Settlements Landscape’s Gene [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2012, 31(12): 1620-1627.
[6]	GUO Jianke, HAN Zenglin. Review and Prospect of the Research on Spatial Connection between Port and City [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(12): 1490-1498.