PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 1544-1556.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.09.011
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XIANG Yuanlin1(), CAO Mingming1,*(
), QIN Jin2, WU Chong1
Received:
2019-12-02
Revised:
2020-04-03
Online:
2020-09-28
Published:
2020-11-28
Contact:
CAO Mingming
E-mail:xbdxiangyuanlin@126.com;chengshi@nwu.edu.cn
Supported by:
XIANG Yuanlin, CAO Mingming, QIN Jin, WU Chong. Study of traditional rural settlements landscape genetic variability in Shaanxi Province based on accurate-restoration[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(9): 1544-1556.
Tab.1
Structure and definition of “landscape genetic information chain”"
刘沛林等(借鉴生物学概念)[ | 王兴中等(基于文化生态学)[ | 本文(综合) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
结构层次 | 定义 | 结构层次 | 定义 | 结构层次 | 定义 |
基因胞 | 景观基因基本单元 | 基因元 | 景观基因的最小单位 | 基因元 | 传统聚落历史文化景观的基本信息单元(不可再分的信息单元) |
基因链 | 景观连接通道(交通) | 基因链 | 若干基因元的排列组合 模式(线性) | 基因链 | 传统聚落历史文化景观的主要信息单元,包括景观的链接通道、主体结构、主要景观节点等(基因元经二次及以上的排列组合形成的景观信息) |
基因形 | 景观整体形态(城墙) | 基因形 | 若干基因链的排列组合 模式(面状) | 基因形 | 传统聚落历史文化景观的总体形态和整体格局等抽象信息 |
Tab.3
General variation characteristics of landscape genes in traditional rural settlements in Shaanxi Province"
自然经济区 | 传统乡村聚落景观基本特征 | 典型变异聚落 | 总体变异特征 |
---|---|---|---|
陕北 | 窑洞聚落是主体,由于该区域历史上多位于边境,产生了多个军屯聚落;由于封建时代封闭发展的经济,产生了多个延续数代的地主庄园窑洞聚落;革命时期中央的驻扎,又使其产生了多个红色窑洞聚落;窑洞聚落与沟、塬、梁、峁相伴相生,是黄土高原最典型的人文景观 | 杨家沟村、 高杰村、 碾畔村、 马家湾村等 | 窑洞聚落大面积闲置、废弃,聚落空心化严重,大量窑洞聚落景观基因信息消失或者破坏,变异类型以景观基因突变和景观结构变异为主,大量窑洞聚落景观基因元、基因链、基因形三层次结构全面破坏 |
关中 | 受都城营建思想的影响及为防兵燹、匪患,无险可守的关中平原上形成了大量的防御式古堡;渭北旱塬处于关中盆地向黄土高原过渡地带,呈现出房窑结合的聚落景观特征,地坑院窑洞聚落尤其典型 | 程家川村、 老县城村、 双泉村、 曹家村等 | 防御古堡文化和地坑窑文化即将消失,相关景观基因信息流失严重,变异类型以景观基因重组和景观结构变异为主,多个聚落景观基因形、基因链损坏严重 |
陕南 | 陕南东部的安康、商洛地区传统乡村聚落受秦、楚文化及湖广移民文化影响,聚落景观亦秦亦楚亦徽,多呈徽派移民聚落景观特征;陕南西部汉中地区则深受巴蜀文化影响,聚落景观多呈秦巴文化融合的特征。陕南传统聚落多选址于山顶、半山腰及沿河沟谷地带,多呈带枝状及团块状发展的形态 | 双柏村、 天宝村、 青木川村、 前河村等 | 以徽派天井院民居为代表的移民文化,全面走向现代多层居住小区文化,变异类型以景观结构变异为主,传统乡村聚落景观基因元、基因链、基因形等景观基因信息即将大面积消失 |
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