城市热岛效应对天津市居住建筑供暖和制冷负荷的影响

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.08.005

Abstract

Abstract:

The urban heat island (UHI) effect has had an important impact on building energy demand in big cities. It is of great significance, therefore, to evaluate the impact of the UHI on building energy demand in a metropolis in order to save energy for existing buildings and to better design for future buildings. Based on the hourly data from automatic weather stations and four representative rural weather stations selected by satellite remote-sensing method, the impacts of urban heat island intensity (I_UHI) on building heating and cooling loads of different time scales (annual, daily, and hourly) in Tianjing City were evaluated by simulating hour-by-hour loads of the typical residential buildings. The results show that: 1) The heating loads decreased and the cooling loads increased with the increase of the I_UHI in the past nine years. The decreased magnitude of the yearly heating load was larger than the increased magnitude of the yearly cooling load. When the I_UHI increased by 1 ℃, the annual mean heating loads decreased by 4.01 kWh/m² and the annual mean cooling loads increased by 1.05 kWh/m² in the urban areas compared to the rural areas. 2) The heating loads were the highest in the period from late December to late January of the following year, and the daily mean loads in the urban areas were about 10% lower than that in the rural areas. The cooling loads were the highest from late July to early August, and the daily mean loads in urban areas were about 6% higher than that in the rural areas. 3) Both heating and cooling loads were higher during the nighttime than daytime. The period from 18:00 to 07:00 Beijing Time was the high load stage in the urban and rural areas, regardless of heating period or cooling period. From 11:00 to 15:00 Beijing Time, however, the loads were low in the heating period but high in the cooling period, which may have been caused by changing temperature and the different heating or cooling demand of the urban residents. Therefore, the impact of UHI on hourly and daily building loads should be fully considered to promote the effective management of urban heating and cooling operation for reducing building energy consumption in big cities of northern China like Tianjin.

Key words: urban heat island effect, rural weather station, heating/cooling load, Tianjin City

MENG Fanchao, REN Guoyu, GUO Jun, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Ruixue. Impact of urban heat island effect on the heating and cooling loads of residential buildings in Tianjin City, China[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(8): 1296-1307.

Figures/Tables 11

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台站类型	站号	站名	缩写	经度/(°E)	纬度/(°N)	海拔/m
城市站	54517	天津	TJ	117.20	39.07	2.2
乡村站	A2565	静海台头	TT	116.81	39.04	1
乡村站	A2566	静海蔡公庄	CGZ	117.08	38.79	1
乡村站	A3405	北辰南王平	NWP	117.22	39.34	1
乡村站	A3465	北辰西堤头	XDT	117.35	39.25	1

建筑围护结构传热系数/(W·m^-2·℃^-1)			室内设计条件夏季/冬季			室内得热参数			窗墙比
墙	屋顶	窗户	温度/℃	相对湿度 /%	新风量/ (m3/h)	人员密度/ (m²/人)	照明功率密度/(W/m²)	电器设备功率/(W/m²)	东	南	西	北
0.60	0.45	2.50	26/18	60/35	30	32	5	5	0.28	0.41	0.28	0.41

比较项目	供暖期			制冷期
比较项目	城市	乡村	城市较乡村变化/%	城市	乡村	城市较乡村变化/%
高负荷时段	12月23日至翌年1月26日	12月24日至翌年1月26日	-10.54	7月27日— 8月13日	7月27日— 8月13日	6.27
日平均高负荷值 /(10^-3kWh/m²)	683.8	764.4	-10.54	629.9	592.7	6.27
低负荷时段	3月11日—15日	3月11日—15日	-11.67	6月1日—11日	6月1日—14日	9.31
日平均低负荷值 /(10^-3kWh/m²)	313.3	354.7	-11.67	379.2	346.9

比较项目	供暖期			制冷期
比较项目	城市	乡村	城市较乡村变化/%	城市	乡村	城市较乡村变化/%
平稳高值时段	18:00~ 次日07:00	18:00~ 次日07:00	-11.63	18:00~次日07:00, 11:00~15:00	18:00~次日07:00, 11:00~15:00	9.84, 3.68
平均高负荷值/ (10^-3kWh/m²)	27.54	31.17	-11.63	24.06, 20.96	21.90, 20.21	9.84, 3.68
平稳低值时段	11:00~15:00	11:00~15:00	-5.83	—	—	—
平均低负荷值/ (10^-3kWh/m²)	15.60	16.57	-5.83	—	—	—

Impact of urban heat island effect on the heating and cooling loads of residential buildings in Tianjin City, China

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