旅游驱动下乡村转型发展的微尺度研究——以西安市上王村为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on a multi-factor comprehensive perspective, a conceptual model of micro-scale rural regional system was constructed with land use and livelihood dimensions. Taking Shangwang Village in Xi'an City as an example, and using remote sensing images, survey questionnaires, and interview data, this study explored the transformation of land use and the livelihood change of farmers in a "suburban village". On this basis, four "scenery-surrounding villages" with different location characteristics and development types were compared and analyzed, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1) With the scaling-up and specialization of rural tourism development, the land use of Shangwang Village has gradually become diversified, compounded, and tourism-focused. The combination of farmers' livelihood strategies begin to change, and the correlation between employment, income, consumption, and tourism continues to increase. Shangwang Village has been transformed from a traditional agricultural village to a destination for rural tourism. 2) The transformation and development of Shangwang Village is the result of the comprehensive effect of internal and external factors. Its superior location is the basis of the transformation and development, and the timely intervention and regulation of the government is an important support. The development of the tourist market of rural tourism is its external driving force, and the rational choice of farmers is its internal driving force. 3) The differences between the "suburban village" and the "scenery-surrounding villages" in terms of terrain condition, resources endowment, and tourist market due to their different locations have led to the differentiation of the rural tourism development and have affected their transformation and development processes.

Key words: rural tourism, rural transformation and development, land use, livelihood change, Shangwang Village in Xi'an City

WU Kongsen, RUI Yang, CHEN Jia, ZHANG Liqiong, YANG Xinjun, ZHANG Baigang. Micro-scale study on rural transformation and development driven by tourism:Taking Shangwang Village in Xi’an City as an example[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(6): 1047-1059.

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一级类	二级类	含义
住宅用地	一般住宅用地	单一居住功能的住宅用地
	复合住宅用地	兼具做小生意、农家乐接待功能的住宅用地
	特殊住宅用地	具有商业性质的别墅用地
产业用地	旅游业用地	提供购物、餐饮食宿与娱乐活动的旅游产业用地
	仓储用地	包括手工业、食品加工业等仓库堆场用地
公共管理与公共服务用地	—	科教文卫及公共管理用地
基础设施用地	交通用地	包括道路与停车场用地
	公用设施用地	村庄公厕、垃圾处理等场所用地
耕地	—	—
园地	—	—
林地	—	—
水域	—	指天然形成和人工构建的河流与坑塘水面
设施农用地	—	依赖设施等进行农业生产的农用地以及村庄晾晒场等农业设施用地
其他土地	—	村庄未利用土地以及宗教性质用地

用地类型	2000年		2005年		2010年		2015年
用地类型	面积/m²	比例/%	面积/m²	比例/%	面积/m²	比例/%	面积/m²	比例/%
产业用地	5915.92	1.40	0	0	16770.39	3.96	82681.44	19.52
耕地	295156.00	69.69	221030.31	52.19	192026.41	45.34	10534.15	2.49
公共管理与公共服务用地	136.34	0.03	136.34	0.03	1841.51	0.43	2744.66	0.65
基础设施用地	20125.19	4.75	23717.99	5.60	41986.27	9.91	63735.68	15.05
林地	44171.01	10.43	42932.73	10.14	44171.01	10.43	6759.90	1.59
其他土地	2970.92	0.70	65896.70	15.56	41900.78	9.89	90408.80	21.35
设施农用地	0	0	0	0	5915.92	1.40	11733.59	2.77
水域	2181.10	0.51	4378.26	1.03	4378.26	1.03	14235.16	3.36
园地	5619.64	1.33	5619.64	1.33	5187.19	1.23	39582.01	9.34
住宅用地	47258.95	11.16	59823.10	14.12	69358.18	16.38	101119.90	23.88
总用地	423535.08	100.00	423535.08	100.00	423535.08	100.00	423535.08	100.00

年份	多样性指数	结构转型指数
2000	0.46	—
2005	0.61	16.56
2010	0.72	32.11
2015	0.83	78.74

农户特征	旅游专营型	旅游主导型	旅游兼营型
样本比重/%	46.74	33.70	19.56
旅游就业人数/人	3.02	2.45	2.00
常年务工人数/人	0	0.26	0.94
经营面积/m²	143.04	135.48	111.13
年纯收入/万元	10.23	9.81	6.69
生计多样化指数	1.41	2.11	2.13

项目	西安市上王村	商洛市金丝峡景区专线沿线4村
区位特征	地处秦岭北麓冲积扇平原、特大城市近郊,邻环山路及秦岭野生动物园等景点	地处秦岭南麓腹地、5A级景区旅游专线沿线,距商洛市110 km、西安市230 km
类型	城郊型乡村旅游目的地	景区依托型乡村旅游地
客源市场	以西安市主城区市民为主,客源市场基本稳定、季节性波动不大	以来景区的过路游客为主,客源市场的季节性特征强、淡旺季变化明显
外部空间形态	规整的团簇状	时断时续的条带状
内部用地结构	面向旅游的住宅用地和产业用地为主,所占比重已有40%	仍以林地等非建设用地为主,建设用地比重不到20%
农户生计活动	旅游接待服务为主导,生计活动相对单一	外出务工和农家乐经营为主导,生计活动的多样性和季节性较强
乡村体制	旅游专业村	务工与旅游服务复合体制

Micro-scale study on rural transformation and development driven by tourism:Taking Shangwang Village in Xi’an City as an example

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