“一带一路”沿线贸易便利化发展格局研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.03.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Trade facilitation plays an important role in the economic cooperation of the countries along the Belt and Road. Increasing the level of trade facilitation is conducive to promote the orderly and freely flow of economic factors in the region. Based on the perspective of trade facilitation and existing literature review, this study constructed an evaluation system of trade facilitation with 29 indicators, analyzed the development trend, spatial pattern, and development mode of trade facilitation in the countries along the Belt and Road from 2013 to 2017, and put forward some policy recommendations. The results show that: 1) Since 2013, the level of trade facilitation in the countries along the Belt and Road has been slowly rising, and the six subregions ranked from high to low according to the increase in trade facilitation levels are Mongolia and Russia, Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, West Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. 2) Trade facilitation level of the countries along the Belt and Road showed a spatial pattern of high in the east and west and low in the center, and high in the south and low in the north. And the spatial differences gradually narrowed. 3) The change of the second-level indicators was relatively consistent with the overall trade facilitation. China ranks high among the Belt and Road countries on the second-level indicators except business environment. 4) Trade facilitation can be divided into eight modes through k-means cluster analysis. "High level comprehensive development" and "Low level comprehensive development" were the main development modes of the countries along the Belt and Road. "Lagging behind in customs clearance costs and international cooperation", "Leading in domestic trading environment" and "Leading in infrastructure construction" have become important development modes for some countries in Southeast Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia.

Key words: Belt and Road Initiative, trade facilitation, evaluation system, spatiotemporal pattern, mode classification

SONG Zhouying, YU Yang. Development pattern of trade facilitation of the countries along the Belt and Road[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(3): 355-366.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 46

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定义内容	来源机构	年份
货物跨境流通过程中所涉及的进出口程序和手续简化	世界银行(WB)	2003
根据简单、标准化的海关程序和惯例、文件要求、货物和过境业务以及贸易和运输安排,为跨境贸易交易建立一个透明和可预测的环境	联合国贸易发展委员会(UNCTAD)	2006
简化和合理化海关和其他行政程序,降低货物跨国运输的成本	亚太经合组织(APEC)	2007
改善与跨国界货物贸易有关的进程的效率	国际商会(ICC)	2007
在国际贸易链条的各个阶段,通过提高效率降低贸易成本的政策和措施	经济合作与发展组织(OECD)	2011
将货物从卖方转移到买方并支付货款所需的程序和相关信息流简化、标准化和协调	联合国欧洲经济委员会(UNCEC)	2012
简化和协调国际贸易程序,包括进出口程序。这方面的程序主要是指收集、提出、交流和处理国际贸易中货物运输所需的数据所涉及的活动	欧盟委员会(EC)	2012
对国际贸易中与货物贸易相关的制度、程序与手续等的简化与协调	世界贸易组织(WTO)	2015

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	权重	数据来源
(权重)	(权重)	三级指标	权重	数据来源
通关成本与国际合作 (0.312)	市场准入(MA)	投资自由度 (if)	0.050	HF
	(0.152)	贸易壁垒 (tb)	0.047	GCR
		非常规支付与行贿 (ip)	0.032	GCR
		贸易便利化协定 (tfa)^*	0.023	TFAF
	海关环境(CE)	海关手续负担 (bp)	0.029	GCR
	(0.160)	清关效率 (ec)	0.046	WB
		边境管理透明度 (bmc)	0.049	GCR
		腐败感知指数 (ti)	0.036	GETR
基础设施建设 (0.357)	口岸设施(IS)	公路口岸设施质量 (hpi)	0.020	TI
	(0.208)	铁路口岸设施质量 (rpi)	0.075	GCR
		航空口岸设施质量 (api)	0.046	GCR
		运输设施品质 (qt)	0.037	GCR
		电力供应品质 (qe)	0.030	GCR
	电子商务(EC)	新科技可获得性 (ant)	0.048	GCR
	(0.149)	因特网使用率 (ri)	0.024	GCR
		电子商务使用率 (eu)	0.048	GCR
		手机用户数 (np)	0.029	GCR
内部贸易环境 (0.331)	金融环境(ME)	建企成本 (bc)	0.034	GCR
	(0.200)	信贷可得性 (af)	0.029	GCR
		市场竞争 (mc)	0.038	GCR
		市场活力 (md)	0.031	GCR
		金融服务成本 (fc)	0.031	GCR
		金融服务的便利性 (ff)	0.037	GCR
	政府环境(GE)	规制环境 (re)	0.062	GCR
	(0.131)	政府管制负担 (gg)	0.010	GCR
		法规解决争端效率 (le)	0.010	GCR
		犯罪造成的商业成本 (vc)	0.024	GCR
		司法独立性 (ji)	0.015	GCR
		政府官员徇私舞弊 (gm)	0.010	GCR

年份	主成分					累计贡献率
年份	Comp₁	Comp₂	Comp₃	Comp₄	Comp₅	累计贡献率
2013	56.424	8.681	7.545	4.492	3.630	80.772
2014	54.295	9.971	8.189	5.527	2.123	80.105
2015	55.508	10.231	7.080	5.058	3.601	81.478
2016	50.696	12.707	6.889	5.783	4.003	80.078
2017	54.968	9.643	6.475	5.284	4.005	80.375

贸易便利化发展模式	国家名称
综合发展高水平型	泰国、斯洛伐克、白俄罗斯、巴林、沙特阿拉伯、印度尼西亚、印度、匈牙利、马其顿、拉脱维亚、中国、波兰、格鲁吉亚、阿联酋、卡塔尔、捷克、立陶宛、吉尔吉斯斯坦、新加坡、马来西亚、爱沙尼亚、以色列
综合发展低水平型	黎巴嫩、孟加拉国、菲律宾、波黑、科威特、蒙古、巴基斯坦、土库曼斯坦、塞尔维亚、斯里兰卡、阿富汗、马尔代夫、东帝汶、缅甸、也门、叙利亚、伊拉克、伊朗
内部贸易环境滞后型	约旦、斯洛文尼亚、土耳其、克罗地亚
基础设施建设滞后型	文莱、阿曼、罗马尼亚
通关成本与国际合作滞后型	俄罗斯、乌克兰、亚美尼亚、黑山、保加利亚、阿塞拜疆
内部贸易环境领先型	不丹、尼泊尔、越南、摩尔多瓦、老挝、柬埔寨、阿尔巴尼亚
基础设施建设领先型	塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、埃及、哈萨克斯坦
通关成本与国际合作领先型	—

Development pattern of trade facilitation of the countries along the Belt and Road

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