PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (12): 1903-1916.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.12.007
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WANG Yahui1, QUAN Hua2,*(), WANG Yali1
Received:
2019-06-16
Revised:
2019-09-24
Online:
2019-12-28
Published:
2019-12-28
Contact:
QUAN Hua
E-mail:shhqhua@163.com
Supported by:
WANG Yahui, QUAN Hua, WANG Yali. Effect of international sister city on inbound tourism and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(12): 1903-1916.
Tab.1
Distribution of 60 typical cities in China and their international sister cities (1973-2017)"
序号 | 城市 | 友城数/对 | 所属省(自治区、直辖市) | 区域 | 序号 | 城市 | 友城数/对 | 所属省(自治区、直辖市) | 区域 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 南京 | 16 | 江苏 | 东部 | 31 | 黄山 | 6 | 安徽 | 中部 |
2 | 连云港 | 8 | 江苏 | 东部 | 32 | 合肥 | 11 | 安徽 | 中部 |
3 | 南通 | 17 | 江苏 | 东部 | 33 | 南昌 | 13 | 江西 | 中部 |
4 | 苏州 | 35 | 江苏 | 东部 | 34 | 九江 | 13 | 江西 | 中部 |
5 | 无锡 | 36 | 江苏 | 东部 | 35 | 郑州 | 12 | 河南 | 中部 |
6 | 济南 | 24 | 山东 | 东部 | 36 | 洛阳 | 4 | 河南 | 中部 |
7 | 青岛 | 25 | 山东 | 东部 | 37 | 太原 | 10 | 山西 | 中部 |
8 | 烟台 | 9 | 山东 | 东部 | 38 | 大同 | 2 | 山西 | 中部 |
9 | 威海 | 10 | 山东 | 东部 | 39 | 武汉 | 25 | 湖北 | 中部 |
10 | 广州 | 35 | 广东 | 东部 | 40 | 长沙 | 11 | 湖南 | 中部 |
11 | 深圳 | 22 | 广东 | 东部 | 41 | 成都 | 31 | 四川 | 西部 |
12 | 珠海 | 13 | 广东 | 东部 | 42 | 西安 | 29 | 陕西 | 西部 |
13 | 汕头 | 4 | 广东 | 东部 | 43 | 昆明 | 22 | 云南 | 西部 |
14 | 湛江 | 5 | 广东 | 东部 | 44 | 兰州 | 13 | 甘肃 | 西部 |
15 | 中山 | 5 | 广东 | 东部 | 45 | 乌鲁木齐 | 12 | 新疆 | 西部 |
16 | 杭州 | 30 | 浙江 | 东部 | 46 | 呼和浩特 | 5 | 内蒙古 | 西部 |
17 | 宁波 | 11 | 浙江 | 东部 | 47 | 重庆 | 37 | 重庆 | 西部 |
18 | 温州 | 7 | 浙江 | 东部 | 48 | 银川 | 11 | 宁夏 | 西部 |
19 | 福州 | 13 | 福建 | 东部 | 49 | 西宁 | 8 | 青海 | 西部 |
20 | 厦门 | 17 | 福建 | 东部 | 50 | 贵阳 | 3 | 贵州 | 西部 |
21 | 泉州 | 8 | 福建 | 东部 | 51 | 拉萨 | 5 | 西藏 | 西部 |
22 | 漳州 | 6 | 福建 | 东部 | 52 | 南宁 | 15 | 广西 | 西部 |
23 | 海口 | 8 | 海南 | 东部 | 53 | 桂林 | 7 | 广西 | 西部 |
24 | 三亚 | 14 | 海南 | 东部 | 54 | 北海 | 11 | 广西 | 西部 |
25 | 北京 | 71 | 北京 | 东部 | 55 | 沈阳 | 18 | 辽宁 | 东北 |
26 | 天津 | 27 | 天津 | 东部 | 56 | 大连 | 11 | 辽宁 | 东北 |
27 | 上海 | 77 | 上海 | 东部 | 57 | 长春 | 20 | 吉林 | 东北 |
28 | 石家庄 | 8 | 河北 | 东部 | 58 | 吉林 | 7 | 吉林 | 东北 |
29 | 秦皇岛 | 4 | 河北 | 东部 | 59 | 延吉 | 2 | 吉林 | 东北 |
30 | 承德 | 4 | 河北 | 东部 | 60 | 哈尔滨 | 36 | 黑龙江 | 东北 |
Tab.2
Descriptive statistics of some variables in equations (4) and (5)"
变量 | 观测值数 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
入境外国游客数(Ykt,人次) | 1754 | 335778.6 | 686746.2 | 447 | 6712100 |
城市缔结的国际友城累计数(IFCkt,对) | 2700 | 5.8470 | 8.1103 | 0 | 77 |
城市经济发展水平(GDPkt,万元) | 2235 | 1.7×107 | 3.3×107 | 19638 | 3.06×108 |
人民币兑美元汇率(EXRt,元/美元) | 2399 | 5.8402 | 2.3409 | 1.5500 | 8.6187 |
城市旅游资源禀赋(HERkt) | 2700 | 0.2003 | 0.6834 | 0 | 7 |
城市旅游接待设施(FACkt,间) | 380 | 24563.06 | 26771.14 | 477 | 134000 |
城市对外开放度(OPEkt) | 1891 | 0.4722 | 0.7086 | 0.0002 | 6.8389 |
Tab.6
Parameter estimation results of instrumental variable regression (2SLS)"
变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
有无国际友城(Dkt) | 1.6158*** | 1.5053*** | — | — |
(0.4861) | (0.4683) | — | — | |
城市缔结的国际友城累计数(IFCkt) | — | — | 0.0366*** | 0.0394*** |
— | — | (0.0050) | (0.0050) | |
城市经济发展水平(GDPkt) | 0.5585*** | 0.5325*** | 0.4712*** | 0.4294*** |
(0.0408) | (0.0385) | (0.0359) | (0.0365) | |
人民币兑美元汇率(EXRt) | -0.2145*** | -0.2036*** | -0.1924*** | -0.1813*** |
(0.0441) | (0.0451) | (0.0386) | (0.0394) | |
城市签证便捷性(VISkt) | 0.1426 | 0.2167 | 0.1805 | 0.1115 |
(0.4675) | (0.4576) | (0.3779) | (0.3559) | |
城市旅游资源禀赋(HERkt) | 0.1434*** | 0.1446*** | 0.1253*** | 0.1288*** |
(0.3269) | (0.0312) | (0.0305) | (0.0283) | |
城市旅游接待设施(FACkt) | 0.5382*** | 0.5674*** | 0.4183*** | 0.4312*** |
(0.0622) | (0.0622) | (0.0659) | (0.0660) | |
城市对外开放度(OPEkt) | 0.2764*** | 0.3229*** | 0.2754*** | 0.3302*** |
(0.0419) | (0.0476) | (0.0389) | (0.0443) | |
城市国际知名度(INRt) | 0.3277*** | 0.2468 | 1.3040*** | 1.2635*** |
(0.2171) | (0.2213) | (0.2101) | (0.2030) | |
城市所在区域为中部(ARE1) | — | 0.6072*** | — | 0.6705*** |
— | (0.1345) | — | (0.1307) | |
城市所在区域为西部(ARE2) | — | -0.0559 | — | -0.0191 |
— | (0.0990) | — | (0.0982) | |
城市所在区域为东北部(ARE3) | — | 0.3628*** | — | 0.5839*** |
— | (0.0936) | — | (0.0875) | |
截距项 | -2.2686** | -2.2228** | 1.3662* | 1.6592** |
(0.9143) | (0.9107) | (0.7959) | (0.8222) | |
R2 | 0.8099 | 0.8271 | 0.8229 | 0.8453 |
观测值 | 1608 | 1608 | 1608 | 1608 |
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